Diary Survey Research Articles

Managerial coaching and employee knowledge sharing: A daily diary study

AbstractMost research on knowledge sharing has examined the construct as an individual difference variable and neglected that it may vary within an individual over a short period of time. Moreover, although researchers have recognized the critical role of leaders in knowledge management practice, scant attention is given to the day‐to‐day dynamics of the relationship between leader behaviours and employee knowledge sharing. Taking a dynamic perspective on knowledge sharing and based on affective events theory, we argue that daily managerial coaching positively affects employees' daily knowledge sharing via the mediating role of daily gratitude. In addition, employees' perceived overqualification would moderate the relation between daily managerial coaching and daily gratitude such that daily managerial coaching would elicit a stronger daily gratitude for employees with lower perceived overqualification. A 10‐working day quantitative diary survey of 122 R&D employees from a large state‐owned enterprise supported our whole theoretical model. The implications of our findings for both theory and practice were discussed.

The relationship between daily stressors, social support, depression and anxiety among dementia family caregivers: a micro-longitudinal study

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the relationships between daily stress, social support, and the mental health of dementia family caregivers. Methods: A national sample of family caregivers (N = 165) completed daily diary surveys over 21 days (n = 2,841). Mixed-level models were used to examine the daily odds of experiencing depression and anxiety-related symptoms when risk factors, such as the stress of managing behavioral symptoms of dementia (BSDs) exhibited by the person living with dementia, and protective factors, such as social support, were reported on a given day. Results: Dementia caregivers were more likely to report depression and anxiety-related symptoms when BSDs were present and perceived as more bothersome than usual. Specific BSDs, including restless behaviors and intense emotions, were also found to increase the daily odds of experiencing depression and anxiety symptoms. The daily odds of depression symptoms decreased on days when caregivers reported receiving instrumental support, while the daily odds of anxiety symptoms increased on days when caregivers reported receiving emotional support. Conclusions: The daily odds of experiencing depression and anxietyvary based on the presence of specific BSDs and social support. These findings support the need for targeted interventions to improve the day-to-day well-being of dementia family caregivers.

The Cross-Spillover Effects of Online Prosocial Behavior on Subjective Well-Being: Daily Diary Evidence from Chinese Adolescents

This study investigated the effects of online prosocial behavior on the subjective well-being of adolescents and its spillover and crossover effects. By convenience sampling, this paper adopted a diary survey method to collect the daily online prosocial behavior and subjective well-being data of 120 first-grade junior high school students and their parents for 5 consecutive days during their winter vacation in China. The online prosocial behaviors of adolescents during the day can significantly positively predict their subjective well-being during the day and at night, which indicates that adolescents’ subjective well-being has a spillover effect from online to offline. In addition, online prosocial behavior and the subjective well-being of adolescents in the daytime are significantly positively correlated with their parents’ subjective well-being at night, indicating that there is a crossover effect between online prosocial behavior and the subjective well-being of adolescents in the daytime and their parents’ subjective well-being at night. It is important to create a good online environment for adolescents and promote the benign spillover and crossover effect of online prosocial behavior on subjective well-being.

The impact of online food delivery service on eating-out behavior: a case of Multi-Service Transport Platforms (MSTPs) in Indonesia

Online food delivery services, provided under the multi-service transport platforms such as Grab and Gojek, could significantly change people’s eating-out behavior, which could also change the spatial distribution of restaurants in the long run. This study attempts to empirically identify factors affecting people’s preference on the use of online food delivery services using stated preference (SP) survey data collected with a multi-day smartphone-based travel diary survey in Jakarta, Indonesia. In the survey, we randomly chose observed eating-out trips (i.e., revealed preference (RP)) from a travel diary and asked whether the respondents would like to shift to an online food delivery service in a hypothetical situation in which the delivery cost, delivery time, food cost, and available food types vary across questions. This RP–SP combination allows us to elicit respondents’ preference under the real time–space constraints they had (e.g., he or she must start to work again from 13:00). Our empirical analysis confirms that delivery time and delivery cost are important factors affecting people’s preference. We also discuss the long-term impact of the behavioral changes on the spatial distribution of online food merchants and its policy implications.

Core job characteristics and change oriented organization citizenship behavior: what can managers do on a day-to-day basis?

The purpose of this study is to examine the dynamic relationship between daily job characteristics proposed by job characteristics theory (job autonomy, task variety, significance, identity, and feedback) and change oriented organizational citizenship behavior (OCB-CH). A daily diary survey study design was used, in which 61 employees working in different organizations in Greece, completed a structured questionnaire for five consecutive working days (N = 305 occasions). Results from multilevel regression analysis supported the role of daily job autonomy, daily task significance and daily job feedback as within-person positive correlates of OCB-CH. Our model explained 17.72% of the variance in OCB-CH ratings. The study highlights the importance of core job characteristics, for the execution of daily OCB-CH in organizations. However not all job characteristics are suitable for promoting the execution of daily OCB-CH. Managers can enhance their employees’ daily OCB-CH by interventions aiming at increasing daily task variety, and task significance along with the degree of daily job autonomy granted to employees.

Determinants of Food Expenditure Patterns: Evidence from U.S. Consumers in the Context of the COVID-19 Price Shocks

This study examined the factors that determine U.S. household expenditure patterns for food products in the context of exceptional price shocks due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This research relied on the Consumer Expenditure Diary Survey (CEX) for the year 2020, where households or consumer units represent units of observation. With a sample size of 10,453 observations, the empirical estimation of the Heckman two-step model yields interesting results. Consistent with the inelastic nature of food products, we found conditional expenditure elasticities of income were less than one for all kinds of food, including food away from home (FAFH). The results showed both food and FAFH to be highly price elastic in this special period of higher food prices. For instance, a 1% increase in own price implied a 7.78% decrease in the probability to spend on food and a 20.93% decrease in propensity to purchase FAFH. This study provides business managers and marketing experts with insights on the consumer profile and food product price strategy.

Age Differences Among Different Sources of Stressor Related Negative Affect.

We examine age differences in the relationship between negative affect (NA) and different indicators of daily stress (interpersonal, health, and financial stressors and perceived stress). Participants completed 56 days of daily diary surveys from Wave 1 of the Notre Dame Study of Health & Well-being. Multi-level modeling allowed us to assess the within-person relationships between daily stress and NA and the cross-level interactions between these daily relationships and cross-sectional age. Each type of stress additively related to daily NA. Older age related to an exacerbated relationship between daily interpersonal stressors and NA, but a weaker relationship between daily perceived stress and NA. Interventions focused on enhancing daily well-being can encourage older adults to ensure they do not have overpacked schedules in regards to social relationships, and encourage midlife and younger adults to engage in activities that disrupt the link between perceived stress and NA.

Differential impact of minimum unit pricing on alcohol consumption between Scottish men and women: controlled interrupted time series analysis

ObjectiveTo assess the immediate impact of the introduction of minimum unit pricing (MUP) in Scotland on alcohol consumption and whether the impact differed by sex, level of alcohol consumption, age,...

Pandemic payment patterns

COVID-19 has temporarily changed the relative costs and benefits of different payment methods: cash has become more costly in terms of health risks, ease of use and likelihood of acceptance, whereas debit card usage has become less costly. As a result, consumers have shifted away from cash. Based on unique daily payment diary survey data collected between January 2018 and December 2021 amongst a representative panel of Dutch consumers, we study the shift in payment behaviour and payment preferences during two lockdown periods in the Netherlands in 2020 and 2021. Since the start of the first lockdown the likelihood of debit card usage at the expense of cash has increased by 12 percentage points compared to its trend level. About 60 percent of this shift on top of the autonomous trend persisted several months after the end of the first lockdown and part of it has persisted several months after the end of the second lockdown. The results indicate that the pandemic accelerated the increased usage of debit card at the POS, especially during the first pandemic year. Also, the pandemic has resulted in a shift in payment preferences towards more contactless payments. Both effects are largest for elderly people.

Actor and partner effects of positive affect on communal coping

Positive affect (PA) has been shown to facilitate the accrual of social resources which, in turn, reduces stress and improves health. These social resources may encourage interpersonal coping strategies, but this effect has been understudied. The present research examined if PA facilitates the interpersonal coping style of communal coping, defined as the perception of a stressor as shared (shared appraisal) and collaborative action to manage the stressor (collaboration). We assessed whether trait and state PA predicted increased collaboration and shared appraisal on the same day, and whether state PA predicted increased collaboration and shared appraisal the following day. Participants were romantic partners in which one person had recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Patients ( n = 198, 45% female, 44.9% Black, 72% married) and their significant others completed daily diary surveys that assessed PA, negative affect, and diabetes-specific shared appraisal and collaboration for 14 days. Multilevel modeling was used to differentiate the effects of within-person (state) and between-person (trait) PA. Actor Partner Interdependence Modeling was used to assess the effects of both couple member’s mood on one person’s coping. Results showed partner state PA was cross-sectionally linked to shared appraisal, but the link of actor PA to shared appraisal was accounted for by the inclusion of actor NA. Both actor and partner state and trait PA were cross-sectionally linked to collaboration. Importantly, actor state PA predicted next-day shared appraisal. Findings provide initial support for the role of affect in predicting communal coping.

Nonlinear effect of social interaction quantity on psychological well-being: Diminishing returns or inverted U?

Social contact is an important ingredient of a happy and satisfying life. But is more social contact necessarily better? Although it is well-established that increasing the quantity of social interactions on the low end of its spectrum promotes psychological well-being, the effect of interaction quantity on the high end remains largely unexplored. We propose that the effect of interaction quantity is nonlinear; specifically, at high levels of interaction quantity, its positive effects may be reduced (Diminishing Returns Hypothesis) or even reversed (Inverted U Hypothesis). To test these two competing hypotheses, we conducted a series of six studies involving a total of 161,836 participants using experimental (Study 1), cross-sectional (Studies 2 and 3), daily diary (Study 4), experience sampling (Study 5), and longitudinal survey designs (Study 6). Consistent evidence emerged across the studies supporting the Diminishing Returns Hypothesis. On the low end of the interaction quantity spectrum, increasing interaction quantity enhanced well-being as expected; whereas on the high end of the spectrum, the effect of interaction quantity was reduced or became nearly negligible, but did not turn negative. Taken together, the present research provides compelling evidence that the well-being benefits of social interactions are nearly negligible after moderate quantities of interactions are achieved. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Risky health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from the expenditures on alcohol, non-alcoholic beverages, and tobacco products.

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has increased mental stress among the population and, at the same time, has lowered consumer income. Alcohol, non-alcoholic beverages, and tobacco consumption are associated with multiple health conditions but the information on how the consumption pattern of these goods shifted during the pandemic remains limited.ObjectiveTo examine the consumer spending on alcohol, non-alcoholic beverages, and tobacco products during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period.DesignAn observational study utilizing the expenditures data on alcohol, non-alcoholic beverages, and tobacco between 2017 and 2020 obtained from the US Consumer Expenditure Diary Survey.Participants18,808 respondents aged ≥ 21 years who answered the Consumer Expenditure Diary Survey.Main Outcome Measure(s): Bi-weekly expenditure on alcohol, non-alcoholic beverages, and tobacco products.AnalysisMultivariable linear regression models.ResultsA total of 18,808 respondents (mean [SD] age = 52.5[16.9] years; 53.8% females) were included. Compared to the pre-pandemic levels, household expenditures on alcohol, non-alcoholic beverages, and tobacco products significantly decreased during the pandemic period by 28.6%, 7.9%, and 15.5%, respectively, after controlling for the state-, individual-, and household-level characteristics. Individual age, race/ethnicity, income, and education were significant predictors of spending. Heterogeneities in expenditures were evident across subgroups, with less educated and low-income households cutting their alcohol expenses while the wealthy and more educated consumers spent more during the pandemic.Conclusions and implicationsHousehold expenditures on alcohol, non-alcoholic beverages, and tobacco products significantly decreased. The results might be beneficial in understanding consumer spending habits concerning risky health behaviors during the period of economic disruption.

The Daily Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Work Engagement of Nurses: A 'Shortitudinal' Diary Study.

Nurses’ satisfaction and work engagement have been linked to patient outcomes. Nightshift nurses provide healthcare to the population and experience unique challenges in performing their healthcare tasks. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the daily basic needs satisfaction and work engagement of nightshift nurses in accordance with the satisfaction of three basic psychological needs as indicated by the Self-Determination Theory. A quantitative, ‘shortitudinal’ design (diary study; over a few days) with a multi-level research approach using a daily diary survey method was completed by a convenience sample of nurses working the nightshift in a public hospital (n = 33). The results revealed that the daily need for autonomy and need for relatedness did not significantly predict variance in daily work engagement. However, need for competence did significantly predict variance in daily work engagement, and general emotional load explained significant variability in daily need satisfaction of competence. Lastly, general role clarity had a negative impact on the daily variability in work engagement. This study provides healthcare organisations with explanations for variance in nursing performance and suggests possible interventions to address nursing outcomes in accordance with the three basic needs of nightshift nurses in daily activity.

Life Trajectories Through the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Repeated Measures Diary Survey Dataset From 2020-2021.

Life Trajectories Through the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Repeated Measures Diary Survey Dataset From 2020-2021.

Drinking with Friends: Measuring the Two-week Ecology of Drinking Behaviors.

Objectives: Despite the substantial influence these acute alcohol-related problems cause globally, past research has failed historically to capture the dynamic nature of drinking events, including how multiple factors (ie, individual, group, and environmental) interact to affect event-level intoxication. Fortunately, technology (eg, transdermal alcohol monitors) and smartphone surveys have provided researchers with new avenues to measure the complex nature of alcohol consumption. This paper presents the methods of a pilot study that sought to measure event-level alcohol consumption in a natural drinking group of college students. Methods: Ten groups of friends (N=49) were followed for 2 weeks with daily diary surveys, continuous activity trackers, hourly geographic ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) on 4 separate drinking occasions, and a transdermal alcohol monitor during one group-based social event. Results: On average, participants responded to > 75% of both daily diaries and EMAs and were compliant with activity trackers on 96% of monitoring days. Over 90% of the sample had usable transdermal data and after smoothing, peak transdermal alcohol contents ranged from 0.13 to 0.395 during the observation evening. Conclusion: The lessons learned during this pilot study can provide a building block for future work in this area, especially as data collection in alcohol research rapidly advances.

Gender difference in commuting travel: A comparative study of suburban residents in Beijing and Shanghai

This paper aims to extend the current scope of gender inequality research to developing countries and to compare gendered commuting patterns in different spatial contexts. We focus on suburban residents in Beijing and Shanghai, which have comparable population and economic sizes, similar trends of residential suburbanization, but different urban structures. Based on data collected through activity diary surveys in 2017, We investigate gender differences in commuting distance and modes, and we find that the gender gap is manifested differently in the two cities. In both cities, women are less likely to commute by automobile but more reliant on public transport than men. But women’s lower transport mobility is compensated with shorter commuting distances in Shanghai, a city with polycentric employment structure, but not in Beijing with a monocentric urban structure. The policy implication is that polycentric urban development with efficient public transport services can allow job-housing proximity and reduce commuting burdens for suburban working women in Chinese cities.

Challenging or hindering? Understanding the daily effects of work stressors on hotel employees’ work engagement and job satisfaction

In this daily diary study, the effects of hindrance and challenge stressors on the daily job satisfaction and work engagement of frontline hotel employees were examined. Daily coworker support was also investigated as a moderator of these relationships. The study was conducted using a within-person approach. The hypotheses were tested in a sample of 65 full-time frontline hotel employees in the United States. Each participant completed a one-time initial assessment and a minimum of five daily diary surveys on their workdays. Hindrance stressors, challenge stressors, coworker support, job satisfaction, and work engagement all fluctuated daily. Daily challenge stressors could boost employees’ levels of engagement in daily work, but these stressors could also decrease employees’ daily job satisfaction. The findings revealed the necessity to manage frontline employees’ work stressors on a day-to-day basis and offered suggestions for hotel practitioners.

Exploring behaviors and satisfaction of micro-electric vehicle sharing service users: Evidence from a demonstration project in Jeju Island, South Korea

This study investigated the participants of a demonstration project of micro-electric vehicle (micro-EV) sharing services on Jeju Island, South Korea. Their usage patterns and satisfaction levels were thoroughly explored by analyzing multiple data sources collected via an extensive travel diary survey, in-depth interviews, satisfaction and importance surveys, and real-time micro-EV usage records. The results demonsrate that micro-EVs tend to be chiefly used for short-distance trips; the average travel time per trip was approximately 9 min, and the spatial distribution of trips was highly concentrated in areas where houses and workplaces are located. According to the quantitative and qualitative analysis of user satisfaction, the most important factor affecting this limited range of usage was the physical anxiety of using the vehicle because of its size and mechanical quality. We expect our results to contribute to widening the knowledge on the possible coverage of micro-EV sharing services in daily activities and factors affecting this coverage.

How does chronic burnout affect dealing with weekly job demands? A test of central propositions in JD‐R and COR‐theories

AbstractThis study uses job demands–resources and conservation of resources theories to propose that chronic levels of job burnout may aggravate the positive relationship of weekly job demands with week‐level burnout symptoms, dysfunctional coping, and self‐undermining. Specifically, we hypothesize that weekly job demands (workload and emotional demands) relate positively to maladaptive behaviors through weekly burnout symptoms, particularly when chronic burnout is higher (vs. lower). We collected data among 84 employees from various occupational sectors, who first filled out a general survey, and then completed weekly diary surveys every Friday, for five consecutive weeks (total n = 415 occasions). Results of multilevel analyses generally supported the hypotheses. Weekly job demands were positively related to weekly burnout and self‐undermining only when employees scored higher on chronic burnout. Moreover, as predicted, the results showed that job demands were most strongly related to dysfunctional coping and self‐undermining through weekly burnout symptoms for individuals higher (vs. lower) in chronic burnout. These findings highlight the interplay between weekly job demands and chronic burnout in the process of resource loss.

Linking ethnic/racial discrimination to adolescent mental health: Sleep disturbances as an explanatory pathway.

Ethnic/racial discrimination is associated with negative psychosocial outcomes, and this study considered sleep disturbance as a mediating pathway. Employing a combination of daily diary and biannual surveys, multilevel structural equation models estimated the indirect effects of sleep/wake concerns on negative, anxious, and positive mood, rumination, and somatic symptoms. In a sample of 350 urban Asian (74% Chinese, 8% Korean, 4% Indian, 1% Filipinx, 1% Vietnamese, and 12% other), Black, and Latinx (25% Dominican, 24% South American, 22% Mexican, 15% Puerto Rican, 5% Central American, and 9% other) youth (M = 14.27 years, 69% female, 77% U.S. born, 76% monoethnic/racial, data collected from 2015 to 2018), there was evidence for sleep disturbances mediating the impact of ethnic/racial discrimination on adjustment. Nighttime disturbance, daytime dysfunction, and daytime sleepiness evidenced partial or full mediation for daily‐ and person‐level outcomes (υ = 0.1%–17.9%). Reciprocal associations between sleep disturbances and negative mood and rumination were also observed.