Diary Products Research Articles

Comparative analysis of lipid composition in colostrum and mature milk from women of seven Chinese ethnic groups

This study compared the lipid content, total and sn-2 fatty acids, and the levels of 1, 3-dioleoy-2-palmitoyl glycerol (OPO), 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoyl glycerol (OPL), and 1, 3-linoleoyl-2-palmitoyl glycerol (LPL) in colostrum and mature milk (n = 122) from seven ethnic groups in China. Compared with the Han breast milk, the content of saturated fatty acid (SFA) and trans fatty acid (TFA) in the breast milk of ethnic groups (especially in Uygur) was higher, while monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) were lower. This disparity may be attributed to the higher consumption of meat and diary products. In terms of the distribution of fatty acids and the content of triacylglycerol (TAG), ethnic groups and Han showed consistency. The OPO, OPL, and LPL in colostrum (0.16 ± 0.06, 0.17 ± 0.08, 0.09 ± 0.04 g 100 mL−1) were significantly lower than those in mature milk (0.28 ± 0.11, 0.26 ± 0.09, 0.16 ± 0.07 g 100 mL−1). The results have shown that the composition and content of total and sn-2 FAs in breast milk were affected by lactation stage, ethnic minority background, and maternal diets. This study contributed to the enhancement of the Chinese breast milk lipid database and offered a scientific foundation for formulating lipid compositions in infant formulas tailored to specific ethnic groups.

Role of dietary intervention on sugar-sweetened beverages, fruit juices and milk consumption among obese children/adolescents

The increase in childhood obesity is one of the biggest public health problems of the 21st century. Among the contributing dietary factors is the high consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and sweetened fruit juices (SFJ). On the other hand, regular consumption of milk and dairy products has decreased in many countries over the years, although research has shown an inverse association between dairy consumption and obesity. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a dietary intervention within a multidisciplinary structured programme on reducing the consumption of SSB and SFJ and simultaneously increasing the consumption of milk and diary products in obese children/adolescents. The study included 100 participants of both sexes who had been diagnosed with obesity and participated in a five-day multidisciplinary structured programme focused on dietary intrevention. Standard anthropometric measurements and a validated questionnaire were used during the study. The mean age of the participants was 12.61±1.90 years, body mass index (BMI) was 98.38±1.26 percentiles; mean consumption of SSB was 1.68 ± 2.89 dL; SFJ was 3.72±5.09 dL and milk and dairy products was 3.10±2.35 dL per day at the start of the intervention. After the five-day programme, patients were reeducated once a month for the first six months, then every two months for up to 24 months. After 24 months, a significant decrease in SSB and SFJ intake (p<0.001) and an increase in milk and dairy products intake (p=0.002) were observed. The percentiles of the BMI also decreased after 24 months (p<0.001). The dietary intervention had a positive effect on the anthropometric values and the change in the dietary habits of the participants, with a focus on the consumption of milk and dairy products.

Influence of the Mozzarella Type on Chemical and Sensory Properties of "Pizza Margherita".

According to Neapolitan Pizza Traditional Specialty Guaranteed (TSG) regulation, Mozzarella di Bufala Campana and Fiordilatte mozzarella are the exclusive cheeses to be used, together with tomato and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), to season pizza in the "Margherita" variant. However, the so-called "Pizza mozzarella", that is a diary product having lower moisture content and a longer shelf life than Mozzarella di Bufala Campana and Fiordilatte mozzarella, is widely used in many pizzerias, both in Italy and abroad. Therefore, we investigated its quality, in comparison with Mozzarella di Bufala and Fiordilatte mozzarella, as well as its effect on the quality of the Margherita pizza. Chemical and sensory analyses were conducted on mozzarella samples and on baked pizza topping samples. The results revealed a better quality of pizza with Mozzarella di Bufala and Fiordilatte mozzarella for their higher antioxidant activity, oxidative stability and lower amount of undesired volatile compounds. The use of Mozzarella di Bufala and Fiordilatte mozzarella in the preparation of Margherita pizza improves its quality, especially if these mozzarella types are combined with other high-quality ingredients, namely tomato sauce and EVOO, characterized by the presence of antioxidant compounds (e.g., α-tocopherol not affected by the heat treatment of pizza baking.

Visualized time-temperature monitoring by triplet-sensitized ratiometric fluorescent nanosensors

Time-temperature indicators (TTIs) with the capability to visually reflect the accumulated time and temperature effect for real time are of substantial significance for securing the safety and quality of perishable products, such as foods and medical products. Herein, we design a novel TTI with high accuracy and low cost based on a ratiometric fluorescent nanosensor capable of self-calibration. The nanosensor was fabricated via the co-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymer and a responsive triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) system. The pH responsiveness of the triplet-sensitized nanomicelle was well investigated experimentally and theoretically. A linear relationship between the intensity ratio (of the integrated upconversion emission to the integrated phosphorescence emission) and pH was revealed for the ratiometric fluorescent nanomicelle. The TTA-UC functionalized nanomicelle turned out to be an extraordinary nanosensor with excellent sensitivity, reliability, and anti-reference. Subsequently, the nanomicelle was firstly applied for enzymatic time-temperature indicators (TTIs). Comprehensive kinetic study of the TTI prototype and the released total volatile basic nitrogen during meat storage was conducted under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions, which demonstrated remarkable correlation between the TTI response and the food spoilage. The activation energy of the TTI prototype could be readily modified to satisfy diverse food products including meat, diary, and aquatic products. The TTI based on triplet-sensitized ratiometric fluorescent nanosensor could be employed for visual monitoring food quality with low cost, high accuracy, and good reliability.

Neural network enhanced aging time measurements of diary product remaining with infrared spectroscopy

The determination of the drying degree of food residues on surfaces is an important step before efficient cleaning can be achieved. To accomplish this goal, a rapid evaluation based on a neural network and non-invasive measurement technique is introduced. Two common starch-based products and various yogurts from different manufacturers are used as example contaminants to determine the aging time of dried food residue. Near-infrared spectroscopy serves as a modern and fast measurement technique for investigating food compositions. Two analysis methods were compared for processing the measured near-infrared spectral data. The raw data were analyzed using partial least squares regression in conjunction with necessary preprocessing steps. As an alternative method, three different types of neural networks are employed. The aim of this approach is to compensate for the filtering steps before regression, which are typically necessary for multivariate regression. The challenge is to measure three different types of food and obtain a reliable prediction of moisture content in order to draw conclusions about the drying time. The experiments have shown that simple flat neural networks have similar accuracy compared to conventional regression. The use of a convolutional layer in advance demonstrates a significant improvement in prediction compared to other neural networks and even manages to surpass the accuracy of PLS regression. A network with a convolutional layer can also compensate for the sometimes strong variations between food types.

Modelling and forecasting dairy milk production: Evidence from Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) models

Dairy sector is one of the fastest growing sectors in the world with little global contributions from African countries and from Nigeria in particular. This study modelled and forecast diary milk production in Iwo and its environs using different variants of Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) models. Data used in this study comprised the daily milk production in Iwo and environs between 26th May, 2021 and 31st May, 2022 as obtained from Bowen University milk collection centre in Iwo, Nigeria. Sstationary was examined using the ADF test and p-value of. 0020 indicating the data is stationary at level (p<.05). Preliminary result indicates that milk production in the study area was as it peak in June, 2021 with 295 litres and the least value was obtained in September, 2021 with average of 63.95 litres in 2021 and 64.93 litres in 2022 respectively. There was no significant difference in litres of milk produced between these two years (p>.05). Four ARMA models, ARMA(1,1), ARMA(1,2), ARMA(2,1) and ARMA(2,2) were identified as tentative models with BIC values of 7.528, 7.550, 7.549 and 7.570 respectively. The four tentative models satisfied model diagnostic checking (p>0.05) and ARMA (1,1) gave the lowest value of Root Mean Square Error. Hence, ARMA(1,1) was adjudged as the best forecasting model among the competing models. Result of 30 days forecast shows that there will be a consistent steady increase in milk production within a range of 38 litres to 55 litres per day.

Dairy Product as a Preventative and Therapeutic Method in Alcohol Liver Disease

Alcohol is one of the most prevalent global causes of chronic liver damage. Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is a prominent cause of liver disease related mortality, yet few treatments are now available. Important variables in the development of ALD or alcoholic liver cirrhosis include inflammation, oxidative stress, innate immunity, angiogenesis, and fibrosis. Due to biological constituents of diary product, including as lactoferrin, bioactive peptide, immunoglobulins, lactose, and vitamins, it has become a popular candidate for the treatment of ALD, since it has a number of immune-enhancing properties. This paper summarized the attributing factor, parthenogenesis, and current preventative and treatment methods for ALD to provide a comprehensive understanding of the disease. The preventive and therapeutic effects of milk, fermented milk, whey, and camel milk against ALD were then analyzed. These methods are anticipated to add the protective and therapeutic choices for alcohol-related liver damage in clinical use, either alone or in combination with other medications.

Covid-19 pandemic effects and responses in the Maasai Mara conservancy

Local comparisons of effects, responses and mitigations to the Covid-19 pandemic are of vital importance in building a sustainable tourism. This is particularly the case for conservancies in Africa which is largely dependent on international tourism. Qualitative interviews were carried out in the Kenya Maasai Mara Wildlife Conservancies Association (MMWCA)with landowners, lodge managers and staff, tourism operators, community organisations and NGOs between January and May 2021. The MMWCA is an important case study as conservancies pay lease payments to more than 14,528 landowners through tourism revenues. The results show how partner conservancies took different paths in securing payments of leases and salaries by rotating staff, attracting international funding and by targeting domestic tourism. Meanwhile, landowners experimented with alternative economic activities such as cattle herding and diary production. The study shows the strength of MMWCA as a stakeholder partnership to proactively design measures including renegotiation of lease-payments, in soliciting external funding and in re-distributing funding. The positive role of domestic tourism is also stressed. The pandemic brought to the forefront discussions on equity and benefit sharing and on the sustainability of the model itself. Recommendations are given to strengthen possibilities for alternative incomes sources and for a diversification of strategies of the MMWCA partners, including the need to stimulate domestic tourism as a parallel source of income. These recommendations are also relevant to conservation areas across the African continent.

Research on Perfect Diary Product Features and The Choice of Advertising Media

By studying this topic, we can find from the business data of Perfect Diary that China’s local make-up brands have encountered unprecedented development challenges and opportunities. As a new make-up brand, Perfect Diary not only leads similar domestic brands but also breaks the traditional brand marketing model. With the advent of the era of big data, how Perfect Diary is launched and promoted on social media and various platforms is worth studying and learning. During the investigation, this paper used the following methods: Case study, Literature research, and Comparative analysis. And this paper summarizes the brand a few points: Industry Status, Behavioral characteristics of consumers, Consumer Characteristic Analysis, and Problems with Perfect Diary. Through the discussion, this paper finds the loopholes in the brands that are operated through self-media today. Moreover, this paper also finds solutions to the existing problems, which is also the key to promoting the development of the media industry.

Agricultural Land Intensification Practices in Nawalparasi District (West)

Land intensification is the process whereby land use activity is delicate through increasing yield per unit area and by crop intensification. The present study has examined the agricultural land intensification practices in different parts of Nawalparasi District. This study has used primary and secondary data. Primary data has been produced from household survey, focus group discussion, and key informant interview and field observation. Furthermore, published and unpublished reports such as profiles, annual progress reports, research articles, maps and images have been used to create secondary data. It is observed that farmers have practiced to cultivate many crops than the past to increase production even in the same area of land, changing crop and varieties within the particular crop and priority has been given to market oriented production of agricultural commodities like vegetables, livestock rising and diary product, poultry farming, and bee-keeping activities.

The Probiotic Biosurfactant From Levilactobacillus brevis Strain F20 Isolated from a Diary Product with Potential Food Applications

ABSTRACT In recent years, probiotic bacteria have received considerable attention for biosurfactant (BS) production. In the current study, 80 bacteria were isolated from 70 dairy samples. F20 isolate was selected based on probiotic tests and identified by 16S rRNA method as Levilactobacillus brevis and introduced as valuable candidate for producing biosurfactant. The results of optimization by Central Composite Design (CCD) showed the maximal biosurfactant production at 2.75% of glucose, 3.625% of oil, and 4.25% of yeast concentration. The emulsification index E24 values of 17.14% and 37.5% were obtained in the presence of hexadecane and crude oil, respectively and the biosurfactant production by L. brevis decreased surface tension to 38.05 mN/m. The results obtained TLC and FTIR analysis have confirmed the presence of glycolipid and lipopeptide moieties in the structure of BS. This research indicated that L. brevis strain F20 could be a promising biosurfactant producer in the food and medicine industries.

Dietary behavior of obese pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic at El Manial University Hospital

Background The poor quality of maternal diet among obese pregnant women was considered one of the most significant predictors of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the dietary behavior among obese pregnant women. Design A descriptive research design was adopted to reach the stated aim. Sample A purposive sample of 125 obese pregnant women through a period of 6 months was recruited from the antenatal care at El Manial Maternity Hospital. Tools Three tools were used: (a) structured interviewing questionnaire tool, (b) anthropometric assessment tool, and (c) nutritional assessment tools. Results Only 61.6% of the study sample never ate fast food, 32% either drink beverage regularly or always. Moreover, 46.4% from the study sample always added sugar in large quantities, 40% consume fruits, 35.2% either use fat or oil during cooking, and ate snacks between meals. Also, 83.2% from the study sample had unsatisfactory dietary behavior for certain nutrients. Conclusion Carbohydrate, diary product, fruits, vegetables, and grains were the main nutrients used by the study sample. Craving for unhealthy foods such as beverages, sweets, and fats was noted among the study sample. Moreover, the overall intake of food in the form of nutrients was found above the limits of the recommended dietary allowances for most of the nutrients among the study sample during pregnancy. Recommendation Counseling for proper dietary intake and dietary behavior for obese pregnant women was strongly recommended.

CONCORDANCE OF METHYLENE BLUE REDUCTION AND MICROBIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES IN THE ANALYSIS OF RAW AND PROCESSED MILK QUALITY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Raw milk is a milk that has not undergone pasteurization for an effective pathogen elimination, thus having a reduced shelf life due to microbial activities. Microorganisms such as bacteria can affect the quality of diary products, hence the need to assess the microbial quality of natural cow milk, pasteurized milk and processed tin-milk which are consumed on daily basis in Nigeria, Africa and the world at large. In this study, raw (unpasteurized) and processed milk samples from two locations (Bogobiri and Watt market) in Calabar municipal were analyzed using methylene blue reduction test (MBRT), total heterotrophic bacterial count (THBC) and total coliform count (TCC). The total Heterotrophic bacterial count ranged from too numerous to count (TNTC) to 3.86 x 106 colony forming unit (CFU)/milliliter (ml) in samples MA (Unpasteurized/Raw cow milk) and MB (Pasteurized cow milk) respectively. There was no fungal growth in five of the samples except MA that had a fungal count that was TNTC. The highest TCC was obtained from sample MA, with a value of 2.96 x 106 CFU/mL while sample MD had the lowest count of one colony. The total microbial count from sample MA was extremely high and above the standard signifying that it is unfit for human consumption. The MBRT result revealed that MD (Processed liquid tin-milk) and MC (Processed liquid tin-milk) gave no methylene blue reduction (excellent quality) while MB (Pasteurized cow milk), ME (Processed liquid tin-milk) and MF (Processed liquid tin-milk) were of fair quality. However, MA gave a poor quality based on the MBR time of between 30 m to 2 h corroborating with the high value of its THBC which was above the standard. Milk being a vital protein source and an excellent medium for microbial growth should be thoroughly treated by sterilization in a bottle as the study revealed that the milk microbial load can be greatly reduced by pasteurization, with sterilization in bottle having a greater bactericidal effect than pasteurization.

Milk and diary products – summary of European legislation, hygiene manuals, ISO standards and Codex Alimentarius standards

European Union legislation laying down rules for the dairy sector. The legislation defines the conditions under which milk and milk products intended for human consumption can be imported into the EU. Milk and milk products must come only from third countries that appear on the list of authorized countries. Establishments, where milk and milk products are produced, must be approved for export. The TRACES system is used on imports and the consignment must be accompanied by a certificate. This system ensures product traceability and prevents the introduction of diseases. An important role is delegated to the designated border control posts (BCPs) where the appropriate customs and veterinary inspections are performed by government institutions of the country. The European Union has adopted legislation to ensure the safety of food placed on the market in EU member countries. This legislation sets general hygienic requirements for food production based on the good manufacturing practice and the HACCP system. The criteria for microorganisms, chemicals, and applicable food additives are set. Also, the legislation contains requirements for product labeling. Part of the legislation concerns the common organization of the market in milk and milk products. These regulations contain rules for direct payments, subsidies, define the school milk system, etc. Specific legislation creates rules for organic bio food production, for production and labeling of products with the Protected Geographical Indication, Protected Designation of Origin, and Traditional Specialty Guaranteed. There is also legislation that defines the labeling of products intended for specific populations, e.g. gluten-free foods, lactose-free foods, etc. Areas not regulated by the legislation include the labeling of products with certification marks designed to highlight the suitability of food for religious purposes or quality certification.

History of Land Cover Change on Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos

Islands are particularly vulnerable to the effects of land cover change due to their limited size and remoteness. This study analyzes vegetation cover change in the agricultural area of Santa Cruz (Galapagos Archipelago) between 1961 and 2018. To reconstruct multitemporal land cover change from existing land cover products, a multisource data integration procedure was followed to reduce imprecision and inconsistencies that may result from the comparison of heterogeneous datasets. The conversion of native forests and grasslands into agricultural land was the principal land cover change in the non-protected area. In 1961, about 94% of the non-protected area was still covered by native vegetation, whereas this had decreased to only 7% in 2018. Most of the agricultural expansion took place in the 1960s and 1970s, and it created an anthropogenic landscape where 67% of the area is covered by agricultural land and 26% by invasive species. Early clearance of native vegetation took place in the more accessible—less rugged—areas with deeper-than-average and well-drained soils. The first wave of settlement consisted of large and isolated farmsteads, with 19% of the farms being larger than 100 ha and specializing in diary and meat production. Over the period of 1961–1987, the number of farms doubled from less than 100 to more than 200, while the average farm size decreased from 90 to 60 ha/farmstead. Due to labor constraints in the agricultural sector, these farms opted for less labor-intensive activities such as livestock farming. New farms (popping up in the 1990s and 2000s) are generally small in size, with &lt;5 ha per farmstead, and settled in areas with less favorable biophysical conditions and lower accessibility to markets. From the 1990s onwards, the surge of alternative income opportunities in the tourism and travel-related sector reduced pressure on the natural resources in the non-protected area.

Developing a Mathematical Model for a Green Closed-Loop Supply Chain with a Multi-Objective Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithm

Abstract Intense competition in today’s market and quick change in customer preferences, along with the rapid development of technology and globalization, have forced companies to work as members of a supply chain instead of individual companies. The success of the supply chain depends on the integration and coordination of all its institutions to form an efficient network structure. An efficient network leads to cost savings throughout the supply chain and helps it respond to customer needs faster. Accordingly, and with respect to the importance of the supply chain, in this study a developed mathematical model for the design of a green closed-loop supply chain is presented. In this mathematical model, the economic and environmental objectives are simultaneously optimized. In order to tackle this mathematical model, two methods of epsilon constraint and multi-objective gray wolf optimization (MOGWO) algorithm have been applied. The results of comparisons between the two mentioned methods show that MOGWO reduce the average solving time from about 1300 seconds to 88 seconds. In the last step of this research, in order to show the application of the proposed mathematical model and the method of solving the research problem, it was implemented in the supply chain of Dalan Kouh diary product and the Pareto optimal solutions were analyzed.

Customer preferences for choosing the dairy products during COVID 19 with reference to Chennai

The Research was focused on the Diary Products like milk, curd, sweets, etc. The research was confine 10 locations in the Andhra Pradesh States in Chennai surrounded Sholinganallur places. The purpose of this research was to find out the customer tastes and preferences for choosing the milk products. The instruments were prepared using the nominal and ordinal scale according to the review of literature. The data was analysis using the SPSS Software percentage table calculations and hypothesis was tested using the Chi Square testing. The outcomes of the research stated clearly on the quality of services customers are receiving through Diary parlour. Conclusion: Customers are satisfied with the diary products and services offer even in the Covid 19 conditions.

The DASH diet - beneficial impacts on cardiovascular system and even more

Introduction and objective: Hypertension is the main preventable risk factor for both cardiovascular disease and premature death globally. Estimates suggest that almost one in three adults suffered from hypertension in 2010. This clinical entity can lead to different severe complications such as heart failure or stroke. Data shows that blood pressure(BP) reduction below currently recommended leads to a significant decrease of the risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of the study is to review recent knowledge and beneficial impacts of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension(DASH) diet, which is considered to decrease blood pressure. The information used in the presented analysis was obtained by searching academic research databases: Google Scholar and PubMed. &#x0D; An abbreviated description of the state of knowledge: The DASH diet is one of well known dietary patterns. It is rich in fruits, whole grain and low-fat diary products. Basing on the data, it can significantly decrease BP, what leads to a reduction of cardiovascular disease risk. Furthermore, high adherence to the DASH diet is associated with a lower risk of mortality from all cancer types and lower risk of colon cancer development, as well as with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes development.&#x0D; Summary: The DASH diet is a commonly prescribed dietary pattern, which is known of its effectiveness in BP reduction. Additional research confirms its several different health benefits including decrease of the cardiovascular risk. Finally, the research give the recommendation, that the DASH diet should be pursued to increase the antihypertensive drug treatment effectiveness, but also to delay hypertension onset.&#x0D;

Thyroid cancer and Its Associations with Dietary Quality in A 1:1 matched Case-Control Study.

Thyroid cancer (TC) incidence has increased greatly during the past decades with a few established risk factors, while no study is available that has assessed the association of the Chinese Health Dietary Index (CHDI) with TC. We conducted a 1:1 matched case-control study in two hospitals in Shanghai, China. Diet quality scores were calculated according to CHDI using a validated and reliable food-frequency questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression analysis and Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used to reveal potential associations between CHDI score and thyroid cancer risk. A total of 414 pairs of historically confirmed TC patients and healthy controls were recruited from November 2012 to December 2015. The total score of cases and controls were 67.5 and 72.8, respectively (p < 0.001). The median score of total vegetables, fruit, diary, dark green and orange vegetables, fish, shellfish and mollusk, soybean, and whole grains, dry bean and tuber in cases was significantly lower than those in controls. Compared to the reference group (≤60 points), the average (60∼80 points) and high (≥80 points) levels of the CHDI score were associated with a reduced risk of TC (OR: 0.40, 95% Cl: 0.26∼0.63 for 60∼80 points; OR: 0.22, 95% Cl: 0.12∼0.38 for ≥80 points). In age-stratified analyses, the favorable association remained significant among participants who younger than 50 years old. Our data suggested that high diet quality as determined by CHDI was associated with lower risk of TC.

Diagnostic Use of Serum Amyloid A in Dairy Cattle

Checking the health status of the individual animal and/or herd in a farm is one of the most important factors in diary production. Because of its high economical value, the early detection of ongoing disease is of high interest in breeders and veterinary clinical practitioners. The acute phase response (APR) is a non-specific systemic reaction for any type of tissue injury leading to disturbances in homeostasis. During this reaction, the production of acute-phase proteins (APPs) is changed. APPs may act as biomarkers of inflammation, allowing researchers to study the progression of the inflammatory response. One of the major APPs in cows is serum amyloid A (SAA). Due to its short half-life and the fast dynamic of changes in blood concentration, SAA seems to be a reliable indicator of several pathologies and treatment effectiveness. Because the blood-based and milk protein biomarkers of the herd’s health status are of great interest, this article reviews the current information about changes in SAA concentrations in the blood and milk of cattle in health and disease. It summarizes its clinical usefulness as a health status indicator in diary production.