Diamond Model Research Articles

Research on the Measurement of Low-Carbon Competitiveness of Regional Cold Chain Logistics Capacity Based on Triangular Fuzzy Evaluation Rating–Gray Correlation Analysis

Cold chain logistics is an industry that generates high levels of carbon emissions. In the context of a low-carbon economy, it is crucial to recognize the low-carbon competitiveness of regional cold chain logistics and to implement effective measures to guide the development and improvement of their low-carbon competitiveness. This is essential for transitioning the economic development model and promoting low-carbon economic growth. This article proposes a low-carbon competitiveness evaluation model known as the Triangular Fuzzy–Gray Correlation Evaluation Model. This model is based on the Triangular Fuzzy Theory and Gray System Theory. According to the calculated logistics low-carbon competitiveness index, a scatter plot is used to rank and classify the evaluation objects. This method utilizes triangular fuzzy numbers as evaluation levels and further expands upon them by introducing the concept of gray correlation in group decision making. By constructing relative closeness based on curve similarity, the improved method possesses a strong ability to capture information and objectivity compared to traditional models. The selected critical indicators cover four significant aspects: low-carbon environment, low-carbon flow service capability, energy consumption in cold chain logistics, and low-carbon energy transition. Empirical research is being conducted using relevant data from Henan in 2022. The measured results are divided into four levels of competition. Using the diamond model, this study analyzes the development of low-carbon cold chain logistics at different levels in each city and provides corresponding recommendations.

Central bank digital currency: When price and bank stability collide

This paper shows the existence of a central bank trilemma. When a central bank is involved in financial intermediation, either directly through a central bank digital currency (CBDC) or indirectly through other policy instruments, it can only achieve two of three objectives: a socially efficient allocation, financial stability (i.e., absence of runs), and price stability. In particular, a commitment to price stability can cause a run on the central bank. Implementation of the socially optimal allocation requires a commitment to inflation. We illustrate this idea through a nominal version of the Diamond and Dybvig (1983) model. Our perspective may be particularly appropriate when CBDCs are introduced on a wide scale.

Fraud Diamond Theory Detection on M-Score with Profitability as a Moderating Variable: A Case Study on Sharia Banking Companies

Financial statements provide information about a company's financial health and performance. Fraud involves deceit created for personal or group gain and can occur within financial reports. The Fraud Diamond model serves as a tool for fraud detection, while the M-Score method detects the financial health of a company. This research explores how profitability influences the relationship between fraud diamond variables and M-Score, aiming to prove whether profitability has an impact on the relationship between at least one fraud diamond variable and M-Score. Moderation Regression Analysis, facilitated by Microsoft Excel and SPSS, is employed as the analytical tool. The study utilizes data samples from Bank Mega Syariah, Bank Syariah Bukopin, Bank Syariah Indonesia, Bank Victoria Syariah, Bank Aladin Syariah, and BPD Riau Kepri Syariah for the period 2020-2022. The findings indicate that profitability strengthens the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables. Moreover, the moderating variable interactions significantly moderate 3 out of 5 X variables against Y. This research aims to fill knowledge gaps, provide deeper understanding, and make a significant contribution to the development of financial management theory. It also offers practical guidance for business stakeholders facing complex and dynamic challenges.

Enhancing competitiveness in cocoa associations: An integral project management approach based on Porter’s Diamond Model

This study aims to structure guidelines for an intervention model from the perspective of Integral Project Management to improve the competitiveness level of cacao associations in south region of Colombia. The research followed a mixed-method approach with a non-experimental cross-sectional design and a descriptive scope. The study employed a stage-based analytical framework which included: identifying the factors influencing the competitiveness of the cacao sector; grouping these factors under the six primary determinants of competitiveness with reference to Porter’s Diamond Model; and proposing guidelines for an intervention model to enhance the competitiveness of the studied associations through project management. The first stage was conducted via literature review. The second stage involved primary data collected through surveys and interviews with the associations, members, and cacao sector experts in Huila. The third stage entailed grouping the factors within the main determinants that promote and limit the competitiveness of the cacao sector in the context of Porter’s Diamond Model. Based on the analysis of the corresponding restrictive and promoting factors, strategic recommendations were formulated for the various sector stakeholders on the measures that can be adopted to address restrictive factors and maintain promoting factors to enhance and sustain the sector's competitiveness.

A Compendium on Risk Assessment of Phishing Attack Using Attack Modeling Techniques

With the advent of new attacking methodologies and types of attacks, it has become difficult to protect the systems. Therefore, it is necessary to decipher the impact of attacks before and after its occurrence to provide better security. It is hard to speculate future attacks, without understanding the network vulnerability and therefore, it is important to examine the network for identifying potential vulnerabilities using attack modeling. Phishing attacks is one of the prominent network attacks that pose continual threat to the network and organization. This article presents and discusses in brief attack modeling techniques that can be applied for risk assessment. The paper presents in detail modeling of phishing attack using attack graphs, cyber kill chain, diamond model, security incident response matrix, and data description model. Moreover, the article also discusses role of network defenders and system engineers in assessing risk and how attack models can be helpful to them for modeling attacks. The review presented in this paper can serve as a platform for researchers in the field of network security and risk assessment for developing effective and secure network environment.

Competitive strategies in the tourist hotel industry: Evidence from Greece

The tourism sector in Greece has shown very important points of recovery, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, being one of the steam engines of the Greek economy, contributing to its all-important economic terms and parameters. The above elements make the sector highly competitive, and the assessment of its competitiveness as well as the choice of the appropriate development strategies is a matter of particular importance (Chikan et al., 2022). On the other hand, competitiveness is a wide concept which can be estimated either using the Porter’s Diamond Model or financial indexes (Fischer & Schornberg, 2007). Taking this into account, the purpose of this paper is to assess the competitiveness of three of the largest Greek hotel units in economic terms with the use of financial indexes, as well as to determine the most suitable strategies for their further development, trying to fill the existing gap in the literature for the tourism hotel sector in Greece. The main results show that improving indicators such as liquidity and maintaining a good capital structure contribute to maintaining the sector’s sustainability and its further development holding special importance both for academics and policymakers taking into consideration the contribution of tourism to the whole Greek economy.

A study on brand competitiveness: A comparative analysis of European and Korean auto brands in the Russian automotive industry

This study compares brand competitiveness of European and Korean auto brands in the Russian automotive market based on cross-sectional datasets for 42 auto brands in Russia of the year 2022. The econometric models (OLS, WLS, and Robust least squares) are constructed by employing a theoretical frame of Porter’s diamond model. The results of the regression analysis allowed us to get to the conclusion that product diversification, accessibility to dealers (or retail shop) and active social media marketing are critical factors to promote auto sales in the Russian market. Based on the comparison, we can draw two important conclusions. First, Korean auto brands are ahead of the European auto brands in value chain management as they have a huge pool of dealers and maximize contact with potential Russian customers. Secondly, the German auto brands lead when it comes to product diversification and social media marketing. However, Korean auto brands are not behind based on those criteria compared to the average European auto brand, and take an above average-middling position. From the outstanding performance of Korean auto brands in the Russian market especially, it seems that securing numerous retail channels is particularly crucial. The results of this study are helpful for national and international automotives companies to create business strategies in the Russian automotive industry.

Research on National Cross-border E-commerce Trade Innovation and Development Strategy in the Context of Digital Economy

Abstract Cross-border e-commerce is divided into export cross-border e-commerce and import cross-border e-commerce. Based on the fact that the development of China’s export cross-border e-commerce trade is dominant at present, this paper takes the diamond model and the theory of platform economics as the basis of model construction and selects the trade demand, human resources, cross-border platforms, cross-border payment and cross-border logistics to constitute the influencing factors of cross-border e-commerce system variables. Among them, for the influence mechanism of e-commerce development level on cross-border e-commerce trade, a cross-border e-commerce development level measurement index system has been established. Utilizing the entropy value method and comprehensive index method, the measurement value of the cross-border e-commerce development level is obtained. The order of importance of each influencing factor is determined using principal component analysis. The trade gravity model is introduced, combined with cross-border e-commerce export monitoring data, to carry out the model smoothness test and regression model solving. From the regression results, the P-values of the t-test statistics of independent variables InGDP c InR i are 0.162 and 0.806 (>0.05), respectively, indicating that the influence of these two independent variables on the dependent variable is not significant. That is, China’s GDP and whether to join the “The Belt and Road Initiative” have no significant impact on the scale of China’s cross-border e-commerce trade. According to the regression results of the model, GDP, the coefficient of population size and the number of Internet users are highly positively correlated with the scale of cross-border e-commerce trade of the country, and the innovation of cross-border e-commerce trade can be based on the coefficient of GDP, the coefficient of population size, the number of Internet users and other aspects.

Integrating design thinking and implementation science principles in delivering a medication review service in the community pharmacy setting-An implementation testing study.

Medication review (MR) services are evidenced-based practices in which a systematic assessment of a patient's medication is conducted, primarily aiming to optimize drug therapy and minimize adverse drug events through pharmacist interventions. Although studies show that MR services are effective, the implementation of MR services in Malaysia has been challenging due to several barriers. An MR services blueprint was developed to be adapted to the Malaysian community pharmacy setting as part of tailoring strategies. Through utilizing the design thinking triple diamond model and implementation science principles, a powerful guide for healthcare researchers and stakeholders to assist with effective service implementation, this study aimed to evaluate the implementation testing and observe the effectiveness of the developed MR service blueprint. The study utilizes an effectiveness-implementation Type 3 hybrid implementation science framework conducted from May 2021 to April 2022. Employing a qualitative ethnographic approach, researchers observed pharmacy study sites during the implementation of MR services. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected across exploration, preparation, testing, and operational phases. Implementation outcomes evaluated include phases, reach, fidelity, acceptability, as well as implementation barriers and strategies. MR intervention outcomes included service characteristics and the number and type of drug-related problems and interventions offered. 17 community pharmacists were invited to pilot the MR service blueprint for six months in their setting. Of this, 78.5% (n = 11) of the pharmacies reached the testing phase, and 36% (n = 4) reached the implementation phase. Fifty-four patients were in the study, giving an implementation reach of 70%. The majority of surveyed patients expressed satisfaction with the service. The total DRP identified was 133, and 64 interventions were provided by the pharmacists. Facilitation strategies such as "Engage stakeholders by creating ownership of the change" and "Equip stakeholders with training" are needed to overcome the barriers. This study marked the beginning of successful MR service implementation at Malaysian community pharmacies. Future studies with multi-level partnered strategies are required to reach full implementation and sustainability.

Conceptual framework for linking solution space and problem space of smart service systems in the packaging industry

The packaging industry is rapidly evolving due to the integration of smart services and IoT technologies. This change is being driven by factors such as technological advances, the COVID-19 pandemic, sustainability issues and digitalisation. Regulatory requirements for product safety remain unchanged, but methods to meet these standards are rapidly evolving. Despite significant advances in automation and digitalisation, challenges remain in integrating smart services into the product portfolio. The study examines several companies in the packaging industry to identify the correlation between customer requirements and manufacturer solutions, with a focus on the customer. The authors describe the necessary framework conditions for the development of smarts services and their alignment with the customer’s problem space from the manufacturer’s perspective. By using a combination of Quality Function Deployment method and the Quadruple Diamond model, both areas are linked to ensure adaptation to meet changing customer requirements in the development of smart service systems, considering market dynamics and changes in digital maturity levels. In summary, understanding and effectively managing the interplay between the customer’s needs and the manufacturer’s solutions is critical in the evolving packaging industry. This study contributes to bridge the gap between theory and practice in the context of smart service systems and provides a practical process for solution sales, holistic product management and integrated smart service system portfolio development.

Smart containers in battery production

This case study is dedicated to the introduction of smart carriers in battery production, focusing on the innovation demands of high-tech sector companies like VARTA. It highlights the significance of digital identity and data transparency across the battery life cycle, which is required by regulations such as the EU Green Deal [1] and existing customer requirements such as serialization of lithium-ion battery cells. The study aims to develop a concept for smart carrier integration to reduce transport-related defects and enhance production efficiency.The methodological approach is divided into five parts: Initially, the problem and objective are presented. This is followed by an overview of the current state of smart carriers as well as information and communication technologies. Based on this, the concept development uses the Double Diamond model. The applicability of the concept is then assessed through expert validation and the development of a prototype. The paper concludes with a conceptual classification, a summary, and an outlook.The proposed solution is to equip a container designed for cathode strips with a Container Monitoring Device (CMD). The CMD allows for monitoring environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and acceleration, communicating via infrared, localizing, and giving visual feedback through an electronic label and LEDs.The results of the study show that condition monitoring represents significant added value, as demonstrated by the feasibility of the concept and its potential economic benefits. In conclusion, the case study highlights the promising application of smart carriers in battery manufacturing and makes the case for a pilot project to further explore the practicality and financial viability of the concept. The study also opens up future possibilities for optimizing manufacturing processes by analyzing the additional data collected through machine learning and demonstrates the potential for continuous advances in production methods in the high-tech sector.

Research on the Development of China’s Pension Industry Based on Modified Diamond Model

Research on the Development of China’s Pension Industry Based on Modified Diamond Model

Exploring Cyber Threats and Threat Actors in the Financial Sector: A Comprehensive Study

This paper aims to discuss the recent activities of Financially motivated Threat actors and gather IOCs and Threat Intelligence based on the same. Common TTPs are mapped for 18 FIN threat actor groups along with known mitigations as per MITRE Attack Framework. In particular, FIN 7 is discussed in detail, including the lifecycle of Qakbot Malware and malwares are analyzed to gather IOCs using Static Analysis. Intrusion Detection Systems (Snort and YARA) are drafted for Qakbot. A comprehensive analysis on Diamond Model, Kill Chain and Pyramid of Pain is performed for Qakbot Malware and mitigations are mapped to MITRE ATTACK framework. Threat intelligence is gathered on the 1000 latest samples of Qakbot to deep dive into most commonly used delivery methods, malware file types and a timeline analysis is conducted. Advanced tools like OpenCTI and Cuckoo Sandbox are utilized to give an overall analysis on Financially motivated threat actors

RESEARCH OF THERMAL INFLUENCE ON THE CHANGE OF THE SURFACE LAYER OF DIAMONDS AND ASSOCIATED TOOL MATERIALS (REVIEW)

Attention is drawn to the fact that the issues of effective processing of such fragile, difficult-to-process materials as mono- and polycrystalline diamonds are currently being discussed in the literature, including CVD diamond films, sapphire, etc. For the most part, such processing is faced with the issues of thermal impact on the surface of the tool material, taking into account the defects of the diamonds that undergo processing, directed impact on the surface of such diamonds, heat and modification of the surface of diamonds and accompanying tool materials.
 In this review, attention is focused on the newest modern developments, namely 2023, in the features of thermal effects on carbon materials, diamond, and steel. Studies are shown in the direction of directed changes in the surface of diamonds: obtaining the surface of OH-diamonds and H-diamonds, doping diamond, and changing the contact of the diamond surface with Fe and W. Special attention is paid to the application of various protective coatings on the surface of diamonds and related tool materials (steels, ceramics and hard alloys). At the same time, the greatest attention is paid to metal and nitride coatings, that is, this direction has recently become important and relevant.
 Various models of doped diamond, places of adsorption of O atoms on its various surfaces, and the subsequent process of the reaction of the O2 molecule with the C atom are considered. The results show that the multi-alloy diamond model has the highest activation energy, which reflects the best properties of oxidation resistance. Research shows that diamond with a rough surface has a larger surface area and higher electronegativity than normal diamond, which improves the adhesion between the Ni-based bond and the diamond with a rough surface.

A Qualitative Study on Cluster Potential and Strategy Development in Marine Tourism Sector

With regard to the case study of the Kuşadası Region in Türkiye, the aim is to evaluate the feasibility of a potential clustering approach for the marine tourism sector, propose strategies for the potential cluster, and determine its applicability from the stakeholders' perspective. The study is grounded in Porter's Cluster Theory and utilizes qualitative research methodologies. Semi-structured interviews with Kuşadası Marine Tourism stakeholders are analyzed based on Porter’s diamond model. The marine tourism sector in Kuşadası has the potential to compete thanks to its favorable climate, rich historical, religious, and cultural heritage, strategic geographic location, easy transportation, established global reputation, highly skilled workforce, reputable information institutions, influential local government, and possession of all key marine tourism components. Therefore, it is imperative to establish achievable targets to foster the sector’s growth and development. Strategies are under development being developed for the Prospective Cluster and their feasibility is being assessed through the Delphi Method.

Оценка водопользования северных регионов России по критериям устойчивого развития

Progress toward achieving SDG 6 ("Clean Water and Sanitation") is monitored by means of thirteen global indicators. However, insufficient data from countries, including Russia, underscore the need to assess regional water supply as well as its effective and sustainable use. This study aims to comparatively assess water use in northern regions based on UN-defined sustainable development criteria, utilizing information from Rosstat, The National Information Agency "Natural Resources", and the FAO's Global Information System for the period from 2007 to 2020. The study is based on statistical and comparative analyses, the Decoupling Diamond model, and sustainability window (SuWi) analysis. Its findings indicate high water availability across all regions, aligning with the "low water stress" category under SDG 6.4.2 (threshold ≤25%). The Falkenmark water index shows that water availability doesn't hinder economic growth in northern regions. Regional variations in water use across industries are discussed, which impact productivity (SDG indicator 6.4.1) and water intake intensity (water capacity of GRP). Water use productivity highlights the efficiency of recycled water, reducing intake and increasing productivity. Regions with low intake intensity (below 1.4 m3/thousand rubles, which is the target according to the Water Strategy) and high water capacity of the gross product were identified. Using the Decoupling Diamond model, the study assessed economic growth as a function of water use. The sustainability window method revealed environmental constraints on economic growth related to water use in northern regions. These results offer insights into water use in Arctic regions in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals and Water Strategy implementation. They are essential considerations for regional development programs.

How do CCIs contribute to regional innovation?

PurposeThis paper aims to understand how cultural and creative industries (CCIs) contribute to regional innovation.Design/methodology/approachThis paper explores the process of CCIs contributing to regional innovation and assesses the accumulated outcome of this process.FindingsThe authors conclude that CCIs contribute to a city’s innovation involving five dimensions (time, space, tangible, intangible and division) and four phases (people, tool, collaboration and brokerage) and the contributions are accumulated into positive innovation outcome; however, a highly developed economy is relatively unsupportive of CCIs contributing to regional innovation.Originality/valueThe main contributions are that the authors configured the detailed process of CCIs contributing to regional innovation and the authors quantitatively measured the impact of CCIs on regional innovation, using the Porter diamond model and Shannon entropy to construct the CCI index.

Rethinking the international competitiveness of olive oil in Spain and Chile: governance of sustainable practices

Abstract The international competitiveness of agri-food products is crucial for the economic growth of exporting countries, which is also closely related to critical aspects of sustainable development. This research aims to comprehensively understand the factors of international competitiveness in two contrasting cases: Spain as the world’s leading exporter and Chile as an emerging exporter of olive oil. This study takes a novel approach by including the governance of sustainable practices as part of the framework for analyzing international competitiveness. A mixed research method was used: firstly, quantitative indicators were estimated to compare the levels of international competitiveness of both countries; secondly, a qualitative analysis was carried out to analyze in depth the determinants of international competitiveness based on Porter’s Diamond Model. The results show that Spain has solidified its position as the world’s leading olive oil exporter. On the other hand, Chile still has a small market share; however, it already achieved its revealed comparative advantage in 2015. The potential causes of this performance were determined by the comparative study of the determinants of the competitiveness of Porter’s diamond model; “Factor conditions”, “Demand conditions”, “Firm strategy, structure, and rivalry”, “Related and supporting industries”, “Government” and “Chance”. In addition, both countries show the adoption of sustainable practices in their exports driven by subsidy policies, informal conventions, and consumer preferences. Finally, some relevant implications for management and public policy are highlighted.

Development of Social Entrepreneurship Organizations Based on Social Bricolage and Diamond Models to Support Village Tourism Innovation

A country's economy can be categorized as being in good condition if all components have a positive contribution to the country's economy. We can understand that the smallest component in a country's economic development is the synergy of the village economy. One sector that can be a strength of the village economy is tourism. Based on this, researchers are called to direct this research to the development of village tourism. This research is a qualitative type, so data is taken from field observations and interviews. Social bricolage (SB) provides an opportunity to create an inclusive tourism economic development model for underprivileged communities to be empowered in developing their regions with the concept of local wisdom in a sustainable manner. The social entrepreneurship organizational development model using the Diamond Model and social bricolage encourages business model innovation and social entrepreneurship in the field of village tourism. Based on the previous description, we can conclude that this research will have a positive impact when the concept of entrepreneurship development based on social bricolage and the diamond model is implemented well. This research will measure these two concepts so that appropriate conclusions can be drawn.

Observation of flat-band localized state in a one-dimensional diamond momentum lattice of ultracold atoms

We investigated the one-dimensional diamond ladder in the momentum lattice platform. By inducing multiple two- and four-photon Bragg scatterings among specific momentum states, we achieved a flat band system based on the diamond model, precisely controlling the coupling strength and phase between individual lattice sites. Utilizing two lattice sites couplings, we generated a compact localized state associated with the flat band, which remained localized throughout the entire time evolution. We successfully realized the continuous shift of flat bands by adjusting the corresponding nearest neighbor hopping strength, enabling us to observe the complete localization process. This opens avenues for further exploration of more complex properties within flat-band systems, including investigating the robustness of flat-band localized states in disordered flat-band systems and exploring many-body localization in interacting flat-band systems.