Diamond Deposition Research Articles

Features of the formation of natural-technical systems within the injection areas of the Daldyn kimberlite field (Western Yakutia)

Relevance. Primary diamond deposits mined by PJSC ALROSA in Western Yakutia have widespread watering of varying intensity with sub-permafrost and inter-permafrost strong and very strong brines. Currently, the resulting drainage waters are pumped back into the depths of the permafrost, which leads to the formation of natural-technogenic aquifers that require constant control, monitoring and study. Aim. Identification of the features of the formation of natural-technogenic systems within the injection areas of the Daldyn kimberlite field, determination of the volume of permafrost waters involved in this process, as well as their characteristics to confirm the environmental friendliness of the method of handling drainage brines. Methods. Field work consisted of quarterly routine testing of observation and injection wells. Assessment of technogenic influence, as well as subsequent forecasting of the dynamics of changes in cryohydrogeological conditions and hydrodynamic regime, was carried out using modeling methods in Feflow software. An additional method was analytical balance calculation based on the parameter of changing mineralization. Results and conclusions. The interaction of drainage waters with permafrost waters leads to areal changes in mineralization without significant changes in the dominant anions and cations within the studied objects, forming an equilibrium natural-technogenic system in the peripheral parts relative to background temperature conditions. The volume of formed man-made aquifers will exceed 300 million m3. The process of involving cryogenic waters, despite the significant volumes, has a positive impact on the ecological state of the territory, because in the peripheral parts of the resulting aquifers, equilibrium cryohydrogeological conditions are formed, characteristic of natural cryopegs in the region of study.

Petrophysical taxa of diamond deposit of Komsomolskaya kimberlite pipe (Yakutsk diamondiferous province)

Petrophysical taxa of diamond deposit of Komsomolskaya kimberlite pipe (Yakutsk diamondiferous province)

Optimizing Ni–Cr patterned boron-doped diamond band electrodes: Doping effects on electrochemical efficiency and posaconazole sensing performance

There is growing interest in developing diamond electrodes with defined geometries such as, for example, micrometer-sized electrode arrays to acquire signals for electroanalysis. For electroanalytical sensing applications, it is essential to achieve precise conductive patterns on the insulating surface. This work provides a novel approach to boron-doped diamond patterning using nichrome masking for selective seeding on an oxidized silicon substrate. The optimized process involves nichrome deposition, sonication, chemical etching, seeding, and tailored chemical vapor deposition of boron-doped diamond with an intrinsic layer to suppress boron diffusion. Through a systematic investigation, it was determined that isolated boron-doped diamond band electrodes can be efficiently produced on non-conductive silica. Additionally, the influence of boron doping on electrochemical performance was studied, with higher doping enhancing the electrochemical response of band electrodes. To demonstrate sensing capabilities, boron-doped diamond bands were used to detect posaconazole, an antifungal drug, exploiting its electroactive behaviour. A linear correlation between posaconazole concentration and oxidation peak current was observed over 1.43 × 10−8 – 5.71 × 10−6 M with a 1.4 × 10−8 M detection limit. The developed boron-doped diamond microbands could significantly impact the field of electroanalysis, facilitating detection of diverse biologically relevant molecules. Overall, this diamond patterning approach overcomes major challenges towards all-diamond electrochemical sensor chips.

Characteristics of the Arctic nature in the perception of a child in the children's prose written by Semyon Tumat

Significant interest in the Arctic zone of Yakutia emerged at the end of the 20th century, when alluvial diamond deposits were discovered and began to be developed. The Arctic also has great prospects for hydrocarbons. At the present time there is a struggle for the development of natural resources of the Arctic, in this connection the relevance of the Arctic theme in Yakut literature as a whole increases. The Arctic is a mysterious, harsh northern land, which at the same time is very beautiful and dangerous. The land of White Silence fascinated and attracted explorers, travellers and romantics. Not only masters of words, but also artists, pedagogues, philosophers turned their eyes to the world of childhood as an integral part of people's life. Memories of childhood spent in the harsh northern land, of its courageous inhabitants - reindeer herders, hunters, fishermen - became the material for the literary works of the national writer of Yakutia, poet, prose writer Semyon Andreevich Popov-Tumat. In the works of the writer we get acquainted with the difficult life of the indigenous people of the North with their traditions, ways of life, with their feelings and dreams. We have analysed cycles of children's proses written by Semyon Tumat. In the stories of the writer contains a lot of cognitive information about the life of a simple man, a northerner, a master, transforming this harsh land and the amazing country of snow, endless sky, illuminated by the polar lights, the wonderful world of the Arctic. S. Tumat's prose does not glorify tenderness or mercy. In the works of the writer the most important themes are: the theme of childhood, upbringing, family, faith, willpower, the theme of nature, friendship and love. However, love for his native northern land, parents, the world of the Arctic appears in the works of a strong feeling, imprinted forever on the heroes. Semyon Andreevich approached to the disclosure of this issue individually; thinking over the style and details of the narrative, composition of the works, character and psychology of the heroes.

Petrological and geochemical features of Middle Paleozoic basites in the Muna-Tyung interfluve region

The discovery of kimberlite pipes containing diamonds in the Viluy-Markha dyke belt led to a surge in interest in studying the products of Middle Paleozoic basic magmatism associated with these pipes in terms of their spatial and temporal characteristics. A distinct group of high-titanium rocks linked to diamond-bearing kimberlites was identified among the basic intrusions, serving as a key indicator for locating kimberlite pipes. This discovery prompted further research on basites and potential areas, such as the northeastern region of the dyke belt within the Muno-Tunga interfluve region, where alluvial diamonds have been found but their original sources remain unidentified. The presence ofdiamond varieties typical of kimberlites with high diamond concentrations in the placer diamonds of this area suggests the possibility of a new kimberlite field. The study of Middle Paleozoic basites in the Muno-Tunga interfluve region revealed high-titanium basites with similar petrochemical characteristics to those associated with diamond-bearing kimberlites. These basites are situated on the flanks of the dyke belt marked by compensating compression, making them a promising indicator for kimberlite prospecting. This study has demonstrated that areas with preferential compression are highly prospective for identifying primary diamond deposits.

Results of the study of the section of the Takata formation "Yuzhnaya Rassolnaya" in the territory of the Poludovo-Kolchimsky anticlinorium of the Western-Ural folding zone (Krasnovishersky district, Perm territory)

Relevance. Relationship with the Takata formation of diamond reservoir rocks and previously discovered deposits and the presence of prospects for discovering new ones in the zone of the forward folds of the Urals. Aim. To reconstruct the conditions of sedimentation and composition of rocks, the source of the removal of terrigenous rocks of the Takata formation based on the results of studying the "Yuzhnaya Rassolnaya" section. Objects. Terrigenous rocks of the Takata formation in the "Yuzhnaya Rassolnaya" section located in the western part of the alluvial diamond deposit "Yuzhnaya Rassolnaya" in the Krasnovishersky district of the Perm Territory. Methods. Lithofacies analysis, petrographic study of thin sections in transmitted light using crossed nicol methods, determination of the content of rock-forming oxides by X-ray fluorescence on an S8 Tiger (Bruker) spectrometer, analysis of rock-forming elements on glassy disks. Impurity and microimpurity elements (with a content of <5%) were determined using a certified method for defining elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry according to the method, STO TGU 048-2012. The analysis was performed by ICP-MS on an Agilent 7500cx quadrupole mass spectrometer (Agilent Technologies Inc., USA) using an internal (In Internal standard, Inorganic Ventures, USA) and an external standard SGD-2A (GSO 8670-2005). Results. Lithological-facial, mineralogical, petrographic, lithogeochemical studies of Takata terrigenous deposits were carried out in the "Yuzhnaya Rassolnaya" section in the area of the Polyudovo-Kolchima anticlinorium of the Western Ural folding zone, which made it possible to clarify the sources of matter and sedimentation conditions. The formation of sediments occurred in a transitional sedimentation environment. A transgressive sequence is observed from bottom to top. Terrigenous rocks of the Takata formation include rocks of the first and second sedimentation cycles. They were cut off due to the destruction of primary igneous (acidic and basic compositions) and metamorphic rocks, as well as sedimentary rocks. The totality of the material characteristics of the terrigenous rocks of the Takata formation, taking into account the published data, allowed us to assume that sedimentation of the rocks occurred on the passive continental margin, with the supply of clastic material due to the erosion of internal raised blocks of the foundation of the East European Platform. The activation of the latter occurred in the Emsian time with the manifestation of general lithospheric folding. At the same time, water flows carrying weathering products from the East European Platform eroded sedimentary rocks of the Riphean, Vendian, Ordovician and Silurian, which fragments we observe in small quantities when describing thin sections.

Controlling the morphology of polycrystalline diamond films via seed density: Influence on grain size and film texture

Controlling the morphology of polycrystalline diamond (PCD) films is crucial for various applications, including thermal management and quantum sensors. PCD films are typically produced by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition on substrates seeded with nanodiamonds. Different film morphologies can be achieved by controlling growth rates of crystal-forming facets, which is commonly managed through deposition temperature and hydrocarbon concentration in the plasma. However, the impact of seed density on film morphology remains largely unexplored. In this study, we observed that reducing seed density on silicon substrates has a similar effect on PCD film morphology as increasing hydrocarbon concentration in the plasma. Specifically, as seed density decreases, deposition rate increases, and film texture transitions from (1 1 1) to (1 0 0), followed by the formation of large grains with (1 0 0) facets surrounded by clusters of small grains. These changes were observed using electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. To explain our results, we hypothesize that the silicon–plasma interface surrounding the growing diamond seeds acts as a diamond precursor source. Our proposed explanation requires relatively long precursor migration lengths compared to those assumed in standard diamond deposition theory. Finally, we also propose two new mechanisms for diamond precursor adsorption based on well-established physical phenomena and recent publications. Our findings may open new avenues in diamond research, applicable not only to polycrystalline but also to single-crystal diamond deposition.

Formation of Diamond Films with Different Grain Sizes on TiO2 Nanotubes and Its Field Emission Properties

Diamond films with different grain sizes are deposited on TiO2 nanotube (TNT) arrays prepared by anodic oxidation using a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition reactor. The scanning electron microscope, X‐Ray diffractometer, and Raman results indicate that the diamond film is successfully deposited and that the substrate undergoes a phase transition due to the diamond deposition temperature, resulting in the rutile phase becoming dominant with lower energy bandgap and work function. Notably, after 5 h of deposition, a relatively continuous microcrystalline film is formed on the TNTs, and the diamond grains change from spherical to pyramidal and show excellent electron field emission behavior, with a low turn‐on field of 0.5 V μm−1 and a current density of 85.9 μA cm−2. In addition, the deposition environment of the nanocrystalline diamond has a large impact on the substrate morphology, resulting in a blocked electron transport path, which reduces the overall field emission performance. The enhanced performance is attributed to the synergistic effect between the highly efficient 1D electron path of the TNTs, the negative electron affinity of the diamond surface, and the lower work function of rutile TiO2.

The methodological aspects and limitations of using the chemical composition of chrome spinels in forecasting and prospecting for diamond deposits (the case of the Alymdzha River basin, Yakutia)

A methodology is proposed for studying chrome spinels during diamond prospecting, with the use of variations in the chemical composition of the minerals belonging to different genetic groups in order to distinguish the kimberlite and non-kimberlite varieties from a polygenic association. The recommended succession of investigation of the chrome spinels will help to avoid mistakes in identifying the peculiarities of their chemistry and will facilitate to clarify the forecast when searching for new kimberlite bodies.

Controllable regulation of diamond nucleation and growth on GaN substrates through pulse bias duty ratio

GaN/AlN/diamond composite structures were prepared by the pulsed-DC bias-enhance nucleation (BEN) technique. Smooth diamond interface on GaN surface obtained for the first time by BEN technique. Different bias duty ratios (30%–70 %) can regulate the nucleation of diamond. The nucleation density increases and then decreases with the increase of duty ratio. The highest nucleation density was 1011 cm−2 which enough to grow a dense diamond layer on GaN. The effect of BEN treatment on the interface was investigated and some positive and negative results were obtained. After diamond deposition, GaN layer was protected by amorphous carbon and dielectric layers from hydrogen plasma, which implies that the BEN technique has the potential to be applied to grow diamond on GaN surfaces. A smooth and complete interfacial structure was obtained after diamond deposition. After the BEN treatment, 10 nm AlN layer was carbonized into an amorphous structure. BEN duty cycle can modulate GaN/AlN/diamond interface structure, which may reduce interfacial thermal conductivity. These results demonstrate the potential of BEN technique for diamond deposition on GaN substrates and provides a reference for further optimization.

Three-dimensional mineral prospectivity mapping based on natural language processing and random forests: A case study of the Xiyu diamond deposit, China

The advent of the big data era has gradually brought about a new demand for the integration of geological text big data in three-dimensional (3D) mineral prospectivity mapping (3DMPM). Here, we report a novel workflow suitable for the application of natural language processing in 3DMPM. Our study area is the Xiyu kimberlite-type diamond deposit in Shandong, China, which has significant prospecting potential in its deep portion. In this study, exploration criteria served as a bridge connecting geological text big data and 3DMPM, and exploration criteria for the Xiyu diamond deposit were constructed employing text mining technologies. A comparative evaluation of conventional and text-mining-based exploration criteria was also conducted. Considering the text-mining-based deposit exploration criteria, we reconstructed 3D spatial anomalies and quantitatively analyzed ore-controlling factors. A random forests classification model, created using the deposit exploration criteria obtained through text mining, was applied to prospecting predictions in the Xiyu deposit, with superior results being obtained. The prediction results confirmed the applicability of the workflow and demonstrated its capacity for effective dual coupling of geological data and knowledge.

U–Pb Age and Mineral Inclusions in Zircon from Diamondiferous Garnet–Pyroxene Rocks of the Kumdy-Kol Microdiamond Deposit in Northern Kazakhstan

Abstract ––This paper describes the results of studying inclusions and determining the U–Pb age in zircon from the diamondiferous garnet–pyroxene rock of the Kumdy-Kol metamorphogenic diamond deposit, located in the Kokchetav subduction-collision zone. The distribution of rare earth elements in garnet and clinopyroxene is used as a basis for estimating the equilibrium pressure (5.5 ± 0.3 GPa) and temperature (993 ± 24 °C), which correspond to the diamond stability field. The composition of mineral inclusions in zircon indicates its formation at both the progressive and the regressive stage of metamorphism. The concordia diagram shows that the figurative points of zircon lie on a discordia with an upper intersection at 1953 ± 139 Ma and a lower intersection at 512 ± 4 Ma. The main peak on the graph of the probability density distribution of zircon ages corresponds to an age of 519 Ma. The presence of grossular–almandine garnet inclusions in zircon confirms the previous assumption that the basement rocks of the Kokchetav massif act as protoliths of garnet–pyroxene rocks.

The Stability of Straightened Ta Filament During Chemical Vapor Deposition of Diamond Film

Maintaining the geometrical stability of hot filament is a challenge in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) over a larger area since deformation varies the distance between the filament and the substrate and, consequently, destroys the uniformity of diamond deposition. Herein, Ta filament is straightened with a tensile stress ranging from 4.40 to 11 MPa to suppress deformation, and the stability during the CVD process of diamond film is evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray are further utilized to investigate the morphological and structural evolutions of Ta filament. Results show that straightened Ta filament maintains geometrical stability without any visible deformation or breakage and uniform deposition of diamond film is obtained through Ta filament undergone a transformation from Ta to Ta2C and then to TaC. At high deposition pressure (7 kPa) or a low concentration of methane (1%), the straightened Ta filament goes through a moderate transformation, which implies the cracks caused by rough transformation can be avoided, thus prolonging the lifetime of straightened Ta filament. These works provide significant guidelines for the large‐scale manufacture of diamond deposition.

Prospects of the southwestern part of the Alakit-Markha kimberlite field for the manifestation of kimberlite magmatism: magnetotelluric studies

The replenishment of the mineral resource base in the Daldyn-Alakit diamond-bearing region (Yakutia) is associated with the identification of new primary diamond deposits within the Alakit-Markha kimberlite field (AMKF). The development of Paleozoic terrigenous carbonate deposits within the field is complicated by intruded bodies of traps, thus creating a challenging geological task for prospecting. This study aimed to investigate the features of the deep structure of the Earth’s crust, including sedimentary cover, and their relationship with the manifestations of kimberlite magmatism to isolate objects of kimberlite magmatism by geophysical methods in an area with a very complex geological structure. The results of predictive prospecting studies using magnetotelluric sounding (MTS) conducted within the southwestern flank of the AMKF are considered from the standpoint of structural control of the placement of kimberlite fields and their bushes. Our findings show that the main factors controlling the manifestations of kimberlite magmatism at the medium-scale stage, and local studies include conducting inhomogeneities in the Earth’s crust located at the intersection points of the Daldyn-Olenek zone of deep faults with multidirectional tectonic disturbances and low-amplitude depressions complicated by structures of the opposite sign. Similar geological and structural prerequisites were established in the areas of development of kimberlite bodies identified by geological studies within the AMKF. Enhanced by favorable mineralogical and geochemical results, these prerequisites can be considered the main criteria for predicting new kimberlite bodies in a well-studied area. We specified the central part of the studied MTS profile based on the geological, geophysical, mineralogical, and geochemical data, which is the most promising for forecasting and identifying new diamond-bearing objects in the category of individual kimberlite bodies.

Geological mapping of kimberlite magmatism as an assessment of diamond-bearing objects in Western Yakutia

Тhe results of generalization and GIS integration of the results of the study of all known indigenous deposits and manifestations of diamonds located in the distributed and undistributed fund of the subsoil of the Russian Federation are presented. The work takes into account the results of prospecting, exploration and exploitation works, minutes of meetings of regional (TKZ) and federal (RKZ and GKZ) commissions on mineral reserves and published data. As a result, a GIS-integrated database was created containing 1,319 objects, for each of which key parameters were determined: coordinates, shape, size, age, average diamond content, forecast resources, and diamond reserves. It was established that the indigenous diamond deposits are concentrated in the Central Siberian subprovincia and account for 2.3 % of all known kimberlite bodies, diamond-bearing kimberlite bodies in the Yakut diamond-bearing province – 282, the predominant body shape is a pipe (59 %). There is no correlation between the size of kimberlite bodies and their diamond content, small pipes, as well as large diatremes, can be industrially diamondiferous, the prevailing absolute age of industrially diamondiferous kimberlites is 329-382 million years.

Зообентос реки Зимней Золотицы в районе месторождения алмазов имени М. В. Ломоносова

22 invertebrate taxons of zoobenthos were found over the entire study period in the Zimnyaya Zolotitsa River at the Lomonosov diamond deposit. The number of sampling points (stations) for monitoring period is 6. The average number of taxons per station for the entire monitoring period is 11, ranging from 3 to 16. Almost annually, larvae of chironomidae were found at all stations in samples; the frequency of them for all stations over the entire monitoring period was 94%. In addition, the mayfly larvae (89%), diptera larvae (85%), оligochaeta (82%) and hydrachna (78%) were the most common. The average value of the Shannon index as a whole on the studied part of the Zimnyaya Zolotitsa river system for the period 2000–2021 amounted to 1.87, varying from 0.76 (the Svetly Creek, 2016) up to 2.9 (the Svetlaya River). The Margalef species wealth index as a whole on the studied part of the Zimnyaya Zolotitsa River was 0.85. The Pielu equalization index averaged 0.58, indicating the presence of dominant taxons in samples. The number of invertebrates on the studied section of the Zimnyaya Zolotitsa River over the years of monitoring varied from 110 to 28375 spec/m2, averaging 5369 spec/m2. The biomass of invertebrates on the studied part of the Zimnyaya Zolotitsa River over the years ranged from 0.026 to 29.060 g/m2, on average – 4.015 g/m2. Despite the lack of negative impact on the river ecosystem, one of the dominant groups in the zoobenthos is оligochaeta, the proportion of which varied from 4.4% at 148 km from the mouth of the Zimnyaya Zolotitsa River up to 24.1% at 152 km. Taking into account the relatively high proportion of oligochetes in benthic samples, an oligochete index was used to assess water quality in the Zimnyaya Zolotitsa River. In general, the Zimnyaya Zolotitsa river system is estimated as pure – the average оligochaeta index for all sampling points for the entire monitoring period was 8%. One-time increases in the оligochaeta index to maximum values suggest a slight contamination of the river based on the index gradation. These increases are likely related to natural processes in the river system, as evidenced by high оligochaeta index values at the upper sampling points (169 km) located outside the deposit area.

Explore the growth mechanism of high-quality diamond under high average power density in the MPCVD reactor

Investigating the mechanism behind the high-efficiency deposition of high-quality diamond has always been a prominent topic in related research. This paper investigates the CH4-H2 plasma characteristics and related chemical reaction kinetics in the average power density range of 18–100 W·cm−3, which is a typical range for large-area diamond film deposition. The number densities of H, CH3 and C2H2 increase linearly with the average power density. C2H2 is the main hydrocarbon in the discharge, and CH3 is the main single-carbon hydrocarbon. The number density and radial uniformity of CH3 and C2H2 increase with the average power density, which is necessary for the high rate and uniform deposition of diamond films. The plasma's optical emission spectra indicate an acceleration in the C2 production rate at high power density. The diamond film deposition experiment demonstrates the efficacy of high average power density in achieving high-quality diamond deposition at a high growth rate.

Magnetoelastic effect of kimberlite host rocks (Yakutsk diamondiferous province)

The purpose of the research is to conduct petro- and paleomagnetic studies of Early Paleozoic rocks of the carbonate basement of a number of diamond deposits in the Yakutsk diamondiferous province in order to study the changes in petrophysical parameter values in the dynamic influence zone of a kimberlite pipe. It is shown that the formation of kimberlite diatremes accompanied by pulsating explosions shifting upwards brings about thermoelastic stress fields in the kimberlite-bearing medium, which are characterized by epigenetic changes and associated petrophysical heterogeneities (petrophysical anomalies). Petromagnetic heterogeneities of burning and stress are, therefore, some of these petrophysical anomalies, within which kimberlite-bearing rocks have contrastingly changed their original magnetic characteristics under the action of thermodynamic processes. Primarily, petromagnetic anomalies are reflected in the changed nature of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility: from sedimentary to dyke geotype. In addition, petromagnetic anomalies of magnetic susceptibility can be accompanied by the formation of metachronous natural residual magnetization vectors in kimberlite host rocks. The dimensions of petromagnetic anomalies (petromagnetic heterogeneities) may significantly exceed the size of the kimberlite pipe itself, which facilitates identification and delineation of the most promising areas. Besides, the magnetoelastic effect can create zones close to the kimberlite bodies that are hardly permeable for relatively viscous, protocrystal-rich mafic magmas. This is the reason for their wedging out along petrophysical barriers that is presented by splitting into thin tongues, formation of trap-free windows and corridors, toroidal shafts with sharply increasing thickness in intrusions, etc. Having relatively elevated values of magnetic and density parameters, such forms of igneous formations will be reflected in the observed geophysical fields. Thus, it is reasonable to consider petromagnetic anomalies as an important petrophysical search criterion for the detection of bedrock kimberlite bodies.

Diamond deposition on AlN using Q-carbon interlayer through overcoming the substrate limitations

Q-carbon, a quenched form of carbon, is a recently discovered carbon structure that has tremendous properties, compatibility, and potential for use in device fabrication and other electronic and mechanical applications. However, the non-equilibrium nature of the synthesis process and a very small window of growth parameters have limited the formation of Q-carbon to only low thermal conductive substrates. This study aims to overcome these limitations through extensive tuning of the parameters of diamond-like-carbon (DLC), the base structure required for the formation of Q-carbon. The as-deposited DLC films demonstrate ID/IG ratios ranging from 0.12 to 1.67, which are obtained through the optimization of laser energy density, rep rate, and deposition temperature during pulsed laser deposition. Utilizing Simulation of Laser Interaction with Materials, pulsed laser annealing (PLA) was used to directly transform the DLC films into Q-carbon while varying the PLA energy density from 0.3 J/cm2 to 1.2 J/cm2. Findings of Q-carbon formation on sapphire using different DLC films assisted in the preparation of a roadmap for overcoming the substrate limitations for Q-carbon formation. Further, Q-carbon is formed on AlN substrates for the direct deposition of diamond films without the requirement of a non-carbon interfacial layer or nanodiamond seeding layer. The large-area and uniform diamond growth on Q-carbon shows well-faceted and five-fold twinned growth with a 70 % improvement in the residual compressive stress of diamond on AlN. Such a method of diamond deposition on AlN provides the opportunity to address the thermal management issues in wide- and ultra-wide bandgap high-power electronic devices.

Biological reclamation of post-technogenic landscapes of Yakutia: problems and prospects

In the context of intensive industrial development in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the issue of restoring technogenically disturbed areas is becoming increasingly relevant. Technogenic landscapes formed during the extraction of mineral deposits often have negative effects on the environment, and severe environmental conditions hinder the restoration of ecosystems affected by industrial activities. This study synthesized the long-term research results of scientists from the Research Institute of Applied Ecology of the North named after Prof., Dr. Savvinov (NEFU) on the study of succession and soil restoration processes in post-technogenic landscapes of placer deposits in the basins of the Anabar River and the Aldan River, as well as at the diamond and coal ore deposits in the Mirninsky, Aldansky and Neryungrinsky regions of Yakutia. Our study demonstrated that the effective restoration of technogenically disturbed landscapes is relevant to the use of seeds and planting materials from local flora in the biological stage of reclamation. On the dumps of ore deposits composed of rocks that are slowly weathered under hypergenesis conditions, effective restoration can be achieved only with the formation of technogenic soil. Due to the deficit of (decipher) PPP and (decipher)PSP, it is necessary to create a technology for the biological reclamation of disturbed lands with the use of alternative materials.