Section Diameter Research Articles

Identification of the failure mode of corroding steel rebars in a viaduct in service through hardness measurements

In the present work, rebars extracted from a reinforced concrete viaduct that had to be demolished has been studied because they broke in service with an unusual tilted pattern for the rebars without reduction in diameter. The structure was a bridge suffering alkali-silica reaction and reinforcement corrosion. The determination of rebar's in service failure mode is very complex due, among other causes, to their high degree of degradation by corrosion. In this work it has been shown that by performing hardness measurements along a diameter in the cross section of the bars it is possible to determine their failure mode, tensile or fatigue. The results show a similar probability of in service fatigue or tensile plastic collapse failure. In both cases, a brittle fracture has occurred. The corrugations of the rebars generate a stress concentration that explains the observed tilted appearance of the fracture surface. The influence of different corrugation patterns, as for example B 500SD, in service fracture appearance should be studied to extend the conclusions reached in the present work. (172).

Safety-overrunning ball-type clutch parts contact interaction features

The article deals with the field of machinery, namely, with the protecting of devices for mechanical driving systems. Safety-overrunning clutches, operating on gearing principle, where safety and overrunning parts are mutually integrated, are perspectives for the building based on modular machines. This case is due to their compactness and low components, comparatively with combined constructions.New clutch design is investigated insufficiently. Particularly their calculation methods, namely parts contact stresses determination, developed deficiently. For ball- type overrunning clutches, contact strength calculations are well-developed, but its transference on new construction safety-overrunning clutches is impossible because of the difference between parts contact interaction in those clutches. The aims of the article are: to analyze created by authors safety- overrunning ball-type clutch parts contact interaction features; to propose on its base clutch construction improvement which could provide parts contact stresses minimization out of dependence with clutch manufacturing and assembling accuracy; taking into account Hertz contact interaction theory results, to obtain expressions for determining clutch parts loads and contact stresses. It is established that using safety-overrunning clutch grooves parallel to radius side surfaces is inexpedient. This can increase balls and internal semi-coupling grooves edge contact and significant contact stresses. To exclude the impact of clutch parts manufacturing and assembling accuracy on contact stresses in paper, proposed to incline grooves side surfaces at an angle to the semi-couplings radius, passing through the ball centre in diametric section. Comparatively,contact grooves inclination to radius with the edge allows decreasing contact stresses in 45–55 times. Further investigations should be focused on force parameters and operating characteristics justification for a clutch with inclined grooves proposed in this paper.

Palatoplasty versus radiofrequncy palatal surgery for management of obstructive sleep apnea

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a huge problem affecting large sector of people all over the world with great social and physiological effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of radio frequency palatal. Surgery and palatoplasty in treatment of obstructive sleep apnea OSA. Patients and Methods: This study included 70 patients with mild to moderate OSA Group A: n=35 (Tonsillectomy and palatal radio frequency surgery) and Group B n=35 (Tonsillectomy and palatoplasty), this study investigate the effect of radio frequncy technique and palatoplasty on retropalatal anteroposterior diameter, Epworth Steepness Scale, apnea Hypopnia Index in Treatment of OSA. Results: This study found that both techniques improved day time sleepiness with reduction of apnea- hypopnea index (AHI), also there was marked improvement in radiological parameters in the form of increase of the anteroposterior diameter and retro-palatal cross section area, in postoperative in both groups but there was superiority of group A over group B in improvement of this parameters, group A success rate was 81.3% and Group B was 78.6% Conclusion: radio frequency palatal surgery and palatoplasty both are effective as a treatment of obstructive sleep apnea due to retro-palatal collapse.

Soil pH effect on bone degradation: Implications in forensic investigation

Background: Skeletal remains have become the mainstay in forensic investigations. Hence, it is imperative to study bone degradation and some influencers as to guide forensic practices. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of soil pH on bone degradation. Methods: One-centimeter diameter sections of the mid-shaft of the femur of a male cadaver were buried for the duration of 6 weeks in soils of different pH: 2.98 for the acidic soil, 7.10 for the neutral soil, and 11.58 for the alkaline soil. Histological sections of the exhumed bones were prepared using Frost’s rapid manual method. Four fields of view at 12 o’clock, 3 o’clock, 6 o’clock, and 9 o’clock positions were obtained for each section. Results: Quantitative analysis showed that there was a reduction in the mean Haversian canal area (HCA) and Haversian canal diameter (HCD) in the samples of bone fragments buried in the acidic and alkaline soil when compared with control. The acidic soil sample showed a mean HCA and HCD of 130.58 μm and 12.24 μm as against 136.83 μm and 12.48 μm of the control, whereas the alkaline soil sample showed a mean HCA and HCD of 122.70 μm and 11.70 μm, respectively. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the HCA and HCD (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: The result of this study suggests that the extreme of soil pH can cause the weathering of bone, which can distort the histomorphometry. The study focused on the extremes of pH and not various scales. This should help guide forensic investigations.

Experimental research of heat transfer in heavy metallic layer under different top boundary conditions

The External Reactor Vessel Cooling (ERVC) is crucial to realizing In-Vessel Retention (IVR) strategy when reactor core degradation happens; consequently, fission products would be limited in Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV). Because of the fission products in the lower head of RPV, vessel integrity is threatened. Due to the immiscibility of oxide and metal materials, the molten pool in the lower head of RPV would turn to a stratified configuration. Two-layer (light metallic layer atop of oxidic layer) and three-layer (light metallic layer, oxidic layer, heavy metallic layer) configurations have been proposed. The possible heavy metallic layer has a different shape, top boundary conditions, and decay heat compared with the other two layers. Thereby, the objective of the heavy metallic layer experiment is to study its heat transfer characteristics, and two possible top boundary conditions are performed. The heating cables simulating the decay heat are placed in a hemispheric test section (diameter = 2.4 m). Water is used as the experimental simulant with a height of 0.3 m. The experimental results demonstrate that increasing the top cooling rate, the ratio of top cooling power to sidewall cooling power, and the ratio of upward heat flux to sideward heat flux increase. In addition, they share almost the same trend. The central melt temperature rises with the height increment, and the maximum normalized temperature reaches about 1.3 for both top cooling and insulated boundary conditions. Thermal stratification is found in the experiment, and the possible natural convection is limited in the heavy metallic layer. Correlations of UCLA, Mini-ACOPO, and RASPLAV reasonably predict the heavy metallic layer's normalized sideward heat flux distribution.

Damage detection of warren truss bridge using frequency change correlation

The detection of structural damage in any structure becomes the primary concern in failure analysis. Early detection of structural failure is crucial for preventing hazards and losses caused by structural failure. There are various approaches for detecting structural damage, and these approaches must be developed in large numbers for structural safety.The purpose of this study is to provide a simple and effective method for estimating the damage to a warren truss bridge utilizing frequency change correlation and the results of the modal analysis performed using SAP 2000 FEA software. The numerical results of the first five-mode shapes and frequencies of the Louisville bridge model were validated for modal analysis accuracy in SAP 2000. The primary variable in the modal analysis was the presence of six different sections of hollow mild steel pipe with an outer diameter of 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 mm and a 2 mm plate thickness. Three different locations for damage have been considered in the warren truss bridge. The first six modes' natural frequencies and modal participation factors were compared for undamaged and damaged warren truss bridges. The results indicate that as the diameter of warren truss bridge sections increases, the natural frequency and modal participation factors of the first six modes remain constant in the undamaged case but increase in the three-damage scenario. Additionally, there was a slight change in natural frequency and modal participation factor for three damage scenarios. As a result of increasing the natural frequency and modal participation factor for damage scenarios, the health of the warren truss bridge may be monitored, and appropriate measures adopted before it fails.

Post-Buckling Spring Vibration Isolator Using Silicone Gel Column: A Theoretical and Experimental Study

Based on the design of a post-buckling silicone gel column (SGC), a novel type of low-frequency vibration isolator is presented, and the vibration isolation performance of this isolator is studied by combining theoretical analysis and experimental verification. The stiffness characteristics of the post-buckling SGC are derived, and its recovery force curves with different parameters are analyzed using two kinds of elliptic integral functions. Displacement transmissibility is formulated using harmonic balance method (HBM), and the influences of the excitation amplitude, damping ratio, SGC section diameter, and Young’s modulus are discussed in terms of the transmissibility. The performance of the SGC system is verified through a series of experimental studies based on the developed experimental prototype. The result shows that the proposed post-buckling spring vibration isolator has a good vibration isolation effect, especially in the low-frequency domain, which may provide a feasible novel design idea for a low-frequency vibration isolator.

Comprehensive multidimensional study of the self-assembly properties of a three residue substituted β3 oligoamide

Abstract Substituted β3 oligoamides form a unique self-assembling system where each monomer folds into a helix containing approximately three β3 amino acids per turn, yielding a geometrically well-defined cylindrical building block that, when N-acylated, is able to self-assemble head-to-tail into nanorods that can reach several 100 μm length. It was shown in previous works that self-assembly can be achieved with a three residue long oligoamide as well that lacks any intramolecular H-bonds, yet it crystallizes in a helix-like conformation. The self-assembly properties of these small oligoamides are however elusive, suggesting a more complex system than the self-assembly of the H-bond stabilized helical monomers. Here we focus on the self-assembly behaviour of a three residue oligoamide, Ac-β3[LIA] where the letters denote the side chain of the analogous α amino acid. Ac-β3[LIA] can yield highly inhomogeneous suspensions in water with a broad range of large fibrous structures that seem to be very stable, yet occasionally fibre growth is only observed upon heating. The small size of the monomer suggests a highly dynamic equilibrium yet all previous attempts failed to clearly identify low molecular weight species. Therefore a special methodology was employed in this study to characterize the suspensions at different size ranges: SANS that is optimal to measure the small oligomers and cross sectional diameter of the assemblies, DLS that is sensitive to the large populations and therefore the length of the superstructures, and NMR that is sensitive to monomeric and small oligomeric form, in conjunction with IR spectroscopy to probe the folding and AFM to image the morphology of the assemblies. Temperature ramping was used to perturb the system to probe the dynamicity of the self-assembly. It was found that the anomalous self-assembly behaviour of Ac-β3[LIA] is caused by its two stable conformations, a helix-building “horseshoe” fold and a linear conformer. The latter is exclusively found in monomeric form in solution whereas the horseshoe fold is stable in solid phase and in fibrous assemblies. Small oligomers were absent. Thus the self-assembly of Ac-β3[LIA] is arrested by the activation energy need of the conformation change; fibre growth might be triggered by conditions that allow increased conformational freedom of the monomers. This observation may be used to develop strategies for controlled switchable self-assembly.

Bark thickness models for oak forests being converted from coppice to high forests in Northwestern Turkey.

The research was carried out in the coppice-originated pure oak stands that are being converted to high forests in northwest Turkey. The main goal of the research was to determine the bark thickness (BT) based on tree variables, such as tree diameter at breast height (DBH), total tree height (H), crown diameter (CD), and age (AGE) of the stem sections taken from a total of 350 trees that were destructively sampled from different sites, different oak species (Quercus petraea, Quercus frainetto, Quercus cerris), and different development stages. Models were developed with stepwise multiple regression analysis to predict BT based on the variables.For all oak species, all models obtained by stepwise multiple regression analysis were found to be significant at p = 0.001 level. In Quercus petraea, only the DBH-dependent model explained the variation in BT at a rate of 73%, estimating with an absolute error rate of 21%. The fit statistics of the models (based on DBH and DBH-H explanatory variables) obtained for Quercus frainetto are very close to each other, and they explained the variation in BT at a rate of 69% and estimated with an error rate of 26%. Models (based on DBH and DBH-H explanatory variables) explain the variation in BT in Turkey oak at a rate of 91%, indicating species-specific results. The models based on only DBH can be used with high accuracy to estimate BT.

Demonstration of nonlinear interaction of crossed turbulent streaming jets

An experimental apparatus was built for demonstration purposes involving two mutually perpendicular crossed ultrasonic turbulent streaming jets in water. A 2D Particle Imaging Velocimeter (LaVision) measured the turbulent flow generated by their interaction. Experiments were performed in an open 10 cc acrylic water tank. The apparatus consisted of two Langevin ultrasonic transducers—both equipped with stepped horns with section diameters: 1/2, 1/4 and 1/8 in.2. A kit developed by Sonics and Materials included a 40-kHz oscillator driving a 20 W amplifier (impedance matched to the 40 kHz transducer CV245) and stepped horn (Part # 630-0594). Two such units were needed to generate the crossed ultrasonic turbulent streaming jets. In the viewing plane the axes of each streaming jet was—i cos30—j sin30, + i cos30—j sin30, respectively. The horn tips (1/8 inch) (slightly submerged in the water) also generated small cavitation bubbles. Lighthill’s theory of acoustic streaming (1978) for a single source will be discussed. Lighthill recognized the importance of “Stuart streaming,” Reichardt’s turbulent jet measurements, Schlicting’s turbulent jet theory (involving eddy viscosity) and Squire’s exact solution for a nonlinear laminar jet flow. Earlier, Lighthill predicted that a turbulent jet would generate aerodynamic sound.

Prediction of multiple dry-wet transition pathways with a mesoscale variational approach.

Water fluctuates in a hydrophobic confinement, forming multiple dry and wet hydration states through evaporation and condensation. Transitions between such states are critical to both thermodynamics and kinetics of solute molecular processes, such as protein folding and protein-ligand binding and unbinding. To efficiently predict such dry-wet transition paths, we develop a hybrid approach that combines a variational implicit solvation model, a generalized string method for minimum free-energy paths, and the level-set numerical implementation. This approach is applied to three molecular systems: two hydrophobic plates, a carbon nanotube, and a synthetic host molecule Cucurbit[7]uril. Without an explicit description of individual water molecules, our mesoscale approach effectively captures multiple dry and wet hydration states, multiple dry-wet transition paths, such as those geometrically symmetric and asymmetric paths, and transition states, providing activation energy barriers between different states. Further analysis shows that energy barriers depend on mesoscopic lengths, such as the separation distance between the two plates and the cross section diameter of the nanotube, and that the electrostatic interactions strongly influence the dry-wet transitions. With the inclusion of solute atomic motion, general collective variables as reaction coordinates, and the finite-temperature string method, together with an improved treatment of continuum electrostatics, our approach can be further developed to sample an ensemble of transition paths, providing more accurate predictions of the transition kinetics.

Exploration of modified cyclone separator for the enhanced recovery of inhalable spray dried cubosomal powder intended to be used for lung delivery

The study was conducted with the aim to fabricate a cyclone separator capable of providing cubosomal powder with enhanced recovery, uniform size, and high aerosolization efficiency. For that purpose, Classical cyclone design (CCD) and Texas cyclone design (TCD) process parameters (number of effective turns (Ne), inlet air velocity (Vi), pressure drop (ΔP), and cut point diameter (dpc)) were utilized to obtained five geometrical parameters (length of cyclone body (Lb), length of cyclone cone (Lc), height (H) and width (W) of inlet section and air exit diameter (De)) of modified cyclone (type XVII). The design analysis predicted the lowest dpc of 1.5 μm along with an enhanced amount of cubosomal powder collection. The Design of Experiment (DoE) and Signal to Noise (S/N) ratio were employed to evaluate the effect of formulation, process parameter, and cyclone design on device removal efficiency, aerosolization efficiency, fine particle fraction, and yield of cubosomal powder. The modified cyclone provides 1.8 fold enhanced cubosomal powder recovery, which has been associated with increased ΔP inside the cyclone separator. The optimized inhalable spray-dried cubosomal powder possess a sufficient geometrical diameter (dG) (3.9 ± 0.25 μm) and aerodynamic diameter (dA) (2.04 ± 0.15 μm) to deliver formulation to deeper lung tissues. Overall, the findings pointed towards the industrial benefits of developed cyclone design as it experimentally provides enhanced recovery of cubosomal powder in the size range of 1–5 μm with its desirable aerosolization properties.

Automation of gearbox design

In order to respond to a shortened development time of today’s transmission systems, the automation of certain steps in the design process is essential for ensuring an efficient development process. Computer-aided tools are widely used for analyzing given design configurations because standardized methods are available to evaluate the load carrying capacity of all key components of a simple gear train, namely bearings, shafts and gears. At an early stage of development, requirements and restrictions need to be synthesized to design concepts. During this step, engineers typically rely on their experience and proven practice. Design optimization usually is achieved through an iterative and time-consuming process of analyzing and tuning towards an optimization objective. In this paper a time-saving, automated and systematic method for the design of weight optimized helical gearboxes is proposed. The underlying method has been derived from both, norms and guidelines, which exist for the design and layout of shafts, bearings and gear wheel bodies. Starting with only few input parameters, a detailed shaft geometry with different diameter sections can be derived. A discrete set of values from standard tables and rolling bearing catalogs represents the method’s framework for all realizable shaft diameters in each section. A mixed integer nonlinear optimization problem results from the interdependence between these distinct values. For this purpose, a systematic iterative approach has been developed and implemented in an established design program for gearbox systems. The algorithm uses the results drawn from an analytical calculation of the shaft load carrying capacity to directly adjust the shaft’s diameter and length values. The dimensioning of the wheel body, the service life calculation of rolling element bearings and the selection of specific machine elements are embedded in a systematic sequence. As a result, the model is capable to work out a weight-optimized gearbox that consists of gear meshes, shafts and bearings, taking all three components into consideration at a time.

Hierarchical Microphase Behaviors of Chiral Block Copolymers under Kinetic and Thermodynamic Control

Hierarchical Microphase Behaviors of Chiral Block Copolymers under Kinetic and Thermodynamic Control

Ovarian, uterine and luteal hemodynamic variations between pregnant and non-pregnant pluriparous Egyptian buffalos with special reference to their anatomical and histological features

This study determined the ovarian, uterine, and luteal hemodynamic variations using Doppler between pregnant and non-pregnant pluriparous buffalos in relation to their anatomical and histological basics during the first 31 days after natural mating. Adult healthy cyclic Egyptian buffalo (n = 10) were selected and categorized into two groups; group 1 (n = 5) was mated naturally by a fertile bull during the late estrus phase, and group 2 (n = 5) was not mated. Animals were subjected to Doppler ultrasonography to evaluate luteal, ovarian, and uterine blood flows from day 7 until day 31 post-mating. Besides, three pregnant (one month) and other non-pregnant uterus (n = 6) were obtained from a local abattoir to study the anatomical and histological features. Our results revealed that the luteal, ovarian, and uterine arteries cross-sectional diameters/mm increased (P < 0.05) from day 7 till day 31. Resistance (RI) and pulsatility indices (PI) decreased linearly (P < 0.05) in pregnant buffalos till day 31, but the peak systolic, end diastolic velocities and flow volume of those arteries were increased. Additionally, luteal colored areas away and toward CL were increased (P < 0.05) in the pregnant group compared to non-pregnant ones. There was a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the lumen diameter of luteal, ovarian, and uterine artery sections in pregnant buffalos compared to those of non-pregnant ones. While the mean value of tunica media's thickness of both luteal and uterine artery was significantly higher in non-pregnant buffalos than pregnant ones, except for that of the ovarian artery. Additionally, the ovarian and uterine artery tunica muscularis relative area % was (P < 0.05) higher in pregnant buffalos than in non-pregnant ones, except for that of the luteal artery. It was concluded that in pregnant buffalos, ovarian, uterine, and luteal blood flows were improved from the first week until 31 days post-mating via a decline in both Doppler indices with an increase in Doppler velocities and blood flow volume in relation to their histological changes based on their anatomical architecture in comparison to non-pregnant one.

Fire resistance of thin-walled steel tube confined reinforced concrete middle-length columns: Test and numerical simulation

Steel tube confined reinforced concrete (STCRC) column is a new type of composite compressive member. In recent years, the structural performance of the STCRC columns has been widely studied to promote its application, and this paper presents experimental and numerical studies on the fire-resistance behaviour of the middle-length members. Parameters, including thickness of steel tube, loading mode (axial or eccentric), and load ratio, were considered in the tests. Moreover, the furnace temperature, column temperature, axial displacement, lateral displacement, and applied load were recorded during the tests, and the failure pattern was obtained after the tests. The finite element model (FEM) was developed by ABAQUS and validated against the test results. Through parametric analyses, the effects from eccentric ratio, load ratio, cross-section diameter, material strength, the thickness of steel tube, and reinforcement ratio on the fire resistance of the middle-length STCRC columns were further studied. It was found that increasing the section diameter, concrete strength, yield strength of reinforcement, and reinforcement ratio would enhance the fire resistance of the columns. However, increasing eccentricity, yield strength of steel tube, thickness of steel tube, and load ratio would reduce the fire resistance of the columns.

Pressure drop characteristics of airlift in transporting particles

In this paper, the airlift process is divided into liquid-solid two-phase section and gas-liquid-solid three-phase section with the air inlet as the interface, and the corresponding pressure drop models are established based on the energy conservation and the phase hold-up equations. The results show that the pressure drop decreases rapidly first and then tends to be constant with the increase of pipe diameter in both two-phase and three-phase sections. The pressure drop in the two-phase section is less affected by the air superficial velocity and the immersion rate, while the pressure drop in the three-phase section decreases with the increase of the air superficial velocity and increases with the increase of the immersion rate. In addition, whether in the two-phase or three-phase sections, the measured pressure drop results are in good agreement with the calculated values, especially under the conditions of low air superficial velocity and high immersion rate.

Symmetric and asymmetric shocked gas jets for laser-plasma experiments.

Shocks in supersonic flows offer both high density and sharp density gradients that are used, for instance, for gradient injection in laser-plasma accelerators. We report on a parametric study of oblique shocks created by inserting a straight axisymmetric section at the end of a supersonic "de Laval" nozzle. The effect of different parameters, such as the throat diameter and straight section length on the shock position and density, is studied through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Experimental characterizations of a shocked nozzle are compared to CFD simulations and found to be in good agreement. We then introduce a newly designed asymmetric shocked gas jet, where the straight section is only present on one lateral side of the nozzle, thus providing a gas profile well adapted for density transition injection. In this case, full-3D fluid simulations and experimental measurements are compared and show excellent agreement.

Evaluation of the Adaptability of an EPB TBM to Tunnelling through Highly Variable Composite Strata

The adaptability of an earth pressure balance (EPB) tunnel boring machine (TBM) to complex geological strata needs to be evaluated when a tunnel project is set up. It is helpful for better design and more suitable technical parameters of the machine. Because the factors that influence adaptability are numerous and interrelated, their effects also differ; hence, a quantitative assessment of adaptability is generally difficult. In the present study, a method for quantitatively evaluating the excavation adaptability of an EPB TBM was developed using an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The method first involves an initial selection of factors that may influence tunnelling. Based on the expert questionnaire and their influence weights determined by AHP, the 10 evaluation indexes from 25 primary indexes were selected to establish the evaluation index system (EIS) including a target, criteria, and index level. Fuzzy membership functions are then derived one after another based on the effect of each evaluation index on the EBP TBM tunnelling process. A fuzzy mathematical method was finally presented to determine the adaptability of an EPB TBM excavation performance. The proposed method was applied to two special sections of diameter 6.98 m excavated by two EPB TBMs in the Shenzhen Metro Line 11 project. The geological exploration shows that these two tunnel sections pass through typical composite strata in Shenzhen. The determined adaptability grades of the EPB TBMs used for composite strata were confirmed by the actual tunnel excavation. It indicates that the developed method is reasonable and useful to evaluate tunnelling adaptability of EPB TBM.

Influence of the Diameter of Sections on Electrochemical Thermodynamics of Nanorod Electrodes: Theoretical and Experimental Research Studies

Nanorods have been widely applied in the electrochemistry field due to their excellent electrochemical properties. However, thermodynamic theory of nanorod electrodes still remains a blank, and the effect of the section diameter on the electrochemical thermodynamics of nanorod electrodes has not been clear. In this paper, theoretically, according to the thermodynamic definition of chemical potential, the expression of the surface chemical potential of nanorods was derived; then, the thermodynamic relations of the electrode potential, its temperature coefficient, reaction Gibbs energy, equilibrium constant, reaction enthalpy, reaction entropy, and reversible reaction heat of nanorod electrodes with the section diameter were derived based on the second law of thermodynamics; finally, the influencing regularities and mechanisms of the section diameter on these electrochemical quantities were discussed. Experimentally, the electrode reaction of rod-like nano-SnO2 was taken as an example, the solvothermal method was applied to prepare SnO2 nanorods with different section diameters, and a potentiometer was used to determine the electrode potentials of the nanorod electrodes. On this basis, we further obtained the standard electrode potentials and their temperature coefficients, reaction Gibbs energies, equilibrium constants, reaction enthalpies, reaction entropies, and reversible reaction heats of nanorod electrodes with different section diameters and discussed the influencing regularities of the section diameter on these electrochemical quantities. The experimental results are in agreement with the above theoretical relations. Both theoretical and experimental results show that the section diameter has a remarkable influence on electrochemical thermodynamics of nanorod electrodes. When the nanorods act as a reactant of an electrode reaction, with the decrease in section diameter, the standard electrode potential and the equilibrium constant of the electrode reaction increase, while the temperature coefficient of the standard electrode potential, the reaction Gibbs energy, the reaction entropy, the reaction enthalpy, and the reversible reaction heat decrease. When the nanorods act as a product of an electrode reaction, the effects of the section diameter on the electrochemical quantities are just reverse. Furthermore, when the section diameter exceeds 20 nm, the logarithm of the equilibrium constant and other electrochemical quantities are linearly related to the reciprocal of the section diameter. Besides, we also found that the additional electrode potential (i.e., surface electrode potential) of a nanorod electrode is exactly half that of the corresponding spherical nanoparticle electrode if the diameters are the same. The theory proposed in this paper can quantitatively describe the influencing regularities and mechanisms of the section diameter on electrochemical quantities of nanorod electrodes and can provide a foundation and guidance for the design, preparation, research, and applications of nanorod electrodes.