Dialogue Techniques Research Articles

La chaise vide en psychothérapie : origines et développements

Working with the empty chair or the two-chair dialogue techniques is used in experiential techniques. The latter are practiced in various psychotherapy forms. The present article demonstrates the origins of these techniques in the Gestalt and Person-centered models of psychotherapy, as well as presents their current developments in experiential psychotherapy approaches. The techniques presented are classified according to their objectives, namely: clarification and meaning construction, and modification of internal determinants of the presenting problem. The following techniques are briefly presented, illustrated with clinical examples and discussed: treatment of internal conflict split; treatment of self-interruptive process; unfinished business dialogue; self-soothing dialogue; cognitive elements in the one-person role-play; affective elements in the one-person role-play. We discuss the empirical evidence of these techniques, by referring to efficacy and effectiveness studies, as well as process studies, and conclude with a reflection on the differential indication of the techniques, in the context of novel clinical and research perspectives.

Survey of herbal remedies used by Fulani herdsmen in the management of animal diarrhoea in Plateau State, Nigeria

The Fulani herdsmen of Nigeria are known to use herbs for the treatment and control of different human and livestock diseases. This study was designed to identify and document the medicinal plants used by the Fulani herdsmen in Plateau State, Nigeria, in the management of animal diarrhoea, and to harness such plants for the purpose of drug development. Open-ended questionnaires and guided dialogue techniques were used to interview the Fulani pastoralists in nine Local Government Areas (LGAs) spread across the three senatorial districts of Plateau State. Seventy-nine plants were mentioned as being used for treatment and control of diarrhoea in animals. Fabaceae was the most common family mentioned followed by Combretaceae, Moraceae and Verbanaceae. The leaves were mentioned as the most common plant part used. Most anti-diarrhoeal preparations are administered by drenching while a few others are mixed with feed, salt or potash to improve palatability. The Fulani herdsmen have appreciable understanding of medicinal plants and could constitute a relevant source of information about herbal remedies. Plateau State has a large reserve of medicinal plants used for the management of diarrhoea in livestock; such plants are potential sources of novel anti-diarrhoeal medicaments. Key word: Animal diarrhoea, Fulani, herbs, Plateau State, Nigeria, survey.

Labyrinth of Hybridities: Avatars of O'neillian Realism in Multi-ethnic American Drama (1972–2003)

Labyrinth of Hybridities: Avatars of O'neillian Realism in Multi-ethnic American Drama (1972–2003)

The interaction between tobacco use and oral health among tribes in central India.

BackgroundA study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of tobacco related practices on oral health of tribes in Central India. The use of smokeless tobacco, gutkha & associated products is on the rise amongst the younger generation making oral precancer & cancer a public health concern.MethodologyA pioneering study was conducted to evaluate the tobacco related practices amongst tribes and its impact on oral health. The study included 411 tribals of the Baiga group. Guided dialogue techniques and proforma based evaluation formed a part of the study.Result53.04% of individuals between 21 to 40yrs are addicted to deleterious habits. There is a marked consumption (72%) of tobacco & associated products among the geriatric population (60 yrs & above).Insecure livelihoods, malnutrition & increased stress levels contribute to the stark increase of addiction of tobacco related practices.ConclusionThe healthcare infrastructure needs to be upgraded to meet the demands of changing disease profile amongst the vulnerable population. Assessment of impact of disease on existing public health would enable formulation of adaptive measures and suggestions for amelioration.

The Dialogue Technique for Voices Equality in R. Schumann's Work

The Dialogue Technique for Voices Equality in R. Schumann's Work

Enfermeiro instrutor no processo de treinamento admissional do enfermeiro em unidade de terapia intensiva

OBJETIVO: Definir e analisar o perfil do enfermeiro-instrutor do treinamento admissional de enfermeiro de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. MÉTODOS: O estudo desenvolveu-se na perspectiva da pesquisa-ação, adotando-se a técnica de grupo focal e a interlocução por via eletrônica, para coleta de dados. Assim, contou-se com a participação de 29 enfermeiros, sendo 11 nas sessões de grupo focal e 18 na interlocução eletrônica. RESULTADOS: Dentre as competências do instrutor, definidas pelo grupo, destacaram-se o conhecimento técnico-científico atualizado, postura ética e habilidade para ensinar e ao instrutor foi atribuído papel fundamental no processo de treinamento admissional. CONCLUSÕES: A pesquisa promoveu reflexão no grupo e nas pesquisadoras sobre os aspectos intervenientes no processo educativo e a respeito da identidade do grupo caracterizada pelo papel assistencial e pela autonomia de ação, sendo papel do instrutor transmitir esses valores aos ingressantes.

Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in the treatment of animal diarrhoea in Plateau State, Nigeria

BackgroundThe use of medicinal plants in the treatment of diseases has generated renewed interest in recent times, as herbal preparations are increasingly being used in both human and animal healthcare systems. Diarrhoea is one of the common clinical signs of gastrointestinal disorders caused by both infectious and non-infectious agents and an important livestock debilitating condition. Plateau State is rich in savannah and forest vegetations and home to a vast collection of plants upheld in folklore as having useful medicinal applications. There is however scarcity of documented information on the medicinal plants used in the treatment of animal diarrhoea in the state, thus the need for this survey. Ten (10) out of 17 Local Government Areas (LGAs), spread across the three senatorial zones were selected. Farmers were interviewed using well structured, open-ended questionnaire and guided dialogue techniques between October and December 2010. Medicinal plants reported to be effective in diarrhoea management were collected using the guided field-walk method for identification and authentication.ResultsA total of 248 questionnaires were completed, out of which 207 respondents (83.47%) acknowledged the use of herbs in diarrhoea management, while 41 (16.53%) do not use herbs or apply other traditional methods in the treatment of diarrhoea in their animals. Medicinal plants cited as beneficial in the treatment of animal diarrhoea numbered 132, from which 57(43.18%) were scientifically identified and classified into 25 plant families with the families Fabaceae (21%) and Combretaceae (14.04%) having the highest occurrence. The plant parts mostly used in antidiarrhoeal herbal preparations are the leaves (43.86%) followed by the stem bark (29.82%). The herbal preparations are usually administered orally.ConclusionRural communities in Plateau State are a rich source of information on medicinal plants as revealed in this survey. There is need to scientifically ascertain the authenticity of the claimed antidiarrhoeal properties of these plants and perhaps develop more readily available alternatives in the treatment of diarrhoea.

Improving the Effectiveness of Virtual Teams: A Comparison of Video-Conferencing and Face-to-Face Communication in China

As virtual teams become more and more important in organizations, understanding how to improve virtual team relational development and meeting outcomes is vital to project success. The objective of this study was to investigate how the dialogue technique that facilitated building of shared understanding in virtual teams can be used to enhance virtual team relational development and decision outcomes in a Chinese cultural context. The results from an experiment demonstrate that the adopted dialogue technique can indeed help team members develop their team relations and enhance their perceived team meeting outcomes. Video-conferencing virtual teams with shared mental models may be engaged as effectively as traditional face-to-face teams. Moreover, this study reveals that the dialogue technique can enhance face-to-face team outcomes. Therefore, the findings of this study have both theoretical and practical implications for helping teams develop shared understanding of effective communication and enhance decision-making outcomes in the Chinese cultural context.

Ethnoveterinary practices for the treatment of parasitic diseases in livestock in Cholistan desert (Pakistan)

Aim of the study This study was conducted to document the ethnoveterinary medicinal (EVM) practices for the treatment of different parasitic diseases of livestock in Cholistan desert, Pakistan. Materials and methods An initial reconnaissance survey (rapid rural appraisal) among the local shepherds was conducted to identify the traditional healers. Information was collected from the traditional healers using a well-structured questionnaire through open-ended interviews and guided dialogue technique. Results The parasitic diseases reported in livestock were: tick and lice infestation, mange, myiasis and helminthiasis. A total of 77 ethnoveterinary practices comprising of 49 based on plant usage and 28 based on dairy products, chemicals and other organic matter were documented. A total of 18 plant species representing 14 families were documented to treat the parasitic diseases. The plants included: Aerva javanica (Amaranthaceae), Aizoon carariense (Aizoaceae), Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae), Brassica campestris (Cruciferae), Capparis decidua (Capparaceae), Capsicum annuum (Solanaceae), Citrullus colocynthis (Cucurbitaceae), Cyperus rotundus (Cyperaceae), Calligonum polygonoides (Polygonaceae), Eruca sativa (Cruciferae), Ferula assafoetida (Umbelliferae), Haloxylon salicornicum (Chenopodiaceae), Mallotus philippinensis (Euphorbiaceae), Nicotiana tabacum (Solanaceae), Pinus roxburghii (Pinaceae), Salsola baryosma (Chenopodiaceae), Solanum surratens (Solanaceae) and Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae). Conclusion The EVM practices documented in this study need to be validated using standard parasitological procedures. Issues that should be addressed are efficacy ( vis-à-vis claims made by the respondents), quality, safety and standardization of doses.

Building a Secure Internal Attachment: An Intra-Relational Approach to Ego Strengthening and Emotional Processing with Chronically Traumatized Clients

ABSTRACT In this paper, we introduce Intra-Relational AEDP (I-R) as an attachment-based experiential approach to trauma treatment. Integrating Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy (AEDP) (Fosha, 2000a,b, 2002, 2003) with ego-state methodology, intra-relational interventions specifically seeks to help clients by (1) fostering capacities for self-regulation through shared states of affective resonance between therapist, client, and dissociated self-states; (2) facilitating authentic, open internal dialogue between self-states which can alter engrained patterns of intra-psychic conflict and self-punishment; (3) developing abilities for self-reflection and emotional processing by co-mingling previously disowned affect and emotional memories with here and now experience; and (4) attending to positive affects evoked through experiences of transformation, self-compassion, and self-affirmation. Drawing from object relations and attachment theory, intra-relational interventions places particular emphasis on internal attachment relationships formed through interactions between the client's subjective selves (internal subjects) and reflective selves (internal objects). Through visual imagery, internal dialogue, and explicit relational techniques, intra-relational interventions aims to develop this subjective-reflective dyad's capacity for reciprocal attunement, resonance, and responsiveness. Such clinical strategies aim to foster healing and psychological integration between the client and heretofore disavowed aspects of self.

Defacements/Effacements

This article experiments with performative and dialogic techniques to trace the contours of anti-Asian American sentiments in sport. It suggests that jokes and joking behaviors are one the key things that binds Asian Americans to sport in the popular imaginary. Moreover, it outlines the ways that sporting humor works to efface and deface Asians and Asian Americans. Well-known utterances by Fuzzy Zoeller, directed at Tiger Woods, and Shaquille O’Neal, directed toward Yao Ming, center much of the discussion.

A reflective approach to uncovering actual identity

PurposeThis paper aims to present a case study of a unique identity‐building process employed in a Scandinavian service firm. As noted by many authors, the concept of corporate identity is probably one of today's most explored areas by both academics and practitioners. Most agree that there is neither one way to define it nor one way to measure it. Some authors suggesting it is a multiple concept further complicates it. One thing is clear; uncovering identity starts internally with individuals and the organization. This article discusses the technique used in a Norwegian collection agency, Conecto, to develop an understanding of their actual identity.Design/methodology/approachThe objective of the case study was to find the core values of the firm defined from an employee perspective, which would then provide an anchor for the firm's future work on its identity. The methodology employed is an existential psychotherapeutic framework, combining Socratic dialogue techniques refined by previous researchers, along with the concepts of personal identity and thought experiments. The project involved the entire organization in a year‐long process to uncover past personal values that could provide a present anchor for the firm's future work on their identity, as defined from an employee perspective.FindingsConsistency in communication is a critical factor for a successful branding strategy. Employees are critical in this process, particularly in service firms. This case study demonstrates that by engaging employees deeply in the identity process, a more solid and consistent branding platform can be built. The project initially started with internal research from a corporate branding perspective. The point was to identify the fundamental values of the organization and to make them more explicit in the firm's marketing communication, with the intent to help Conecto create a solid position in its sector. However, the project quickly developed into a much deeper process where each member of the organization participated in answering the existential question “who are we?” It evolved from a simple corporate communication task to an effort embracing different disciplines: existential philosophy, organizational psychology and culture. Summarily, the firm has identified what we refer to as a “super value” – responsibility. Another result of the process has been a redefinition of the firm's role in its business sector. By anchoring their business activities in the concept of responsibility, the firm sees itself as a mediator between its customers and the debtors. Therefore responsibility provides the foundation for “branding” strategies with all stakeholders.Originality/valueThe case study can be useful for organizations undergoing an identity process. It gives insight into the human side of the process and also the rewards that the process can provide.

The Significances of Yeats’s Dialogue and Debate Technique in His Poems

The Significances of Yeats’s Dialogue and Debate Technique in His Poems

Emotional harmony, dissonance and deviance at work

Reviews recent literature relating to emotion at work, with special reference to the causes and effects of emotional harmony, dissonance and deviance. Illustrations are drawn from branded service organizations, in particular chain restaurant operations that make use of scripted or set piece dialogue techniques to standardize customer responses. Argues that the difficulty with this is that employees have to exercise “emotional management” in their interactions with customers, managers and other staff. Concludes that a better understanding is needed of the linkages between current management practices in hospitality organizations and the emotional dissance this can create.

An Interview with Dr. Wade Luquet

Abstract Dr. Lia Nower interviews Dr. Wade Luquet regarding his techniques he uses with Imago Therapy for Couples, and including worksheets developed by the originator of Imago Therapy, Harville Hendrix (see Appendix). Dr. Luquet discusses the techniques of Imago Therapy with couples. Imago Therapy uses imagery and dialogue techniques to help couples work through marital conflicts. Five underlying patterns that lead to troubled marriages are highlighted by Dr. Luquet, as are clinical suggestions for successful couples therapy.

A dialogue technique to enhance electronic communication in virtual teams

In virtual teams, members are physically distributed and often have not met each other in person. They work together and share information via electronic communication. To address business problems in a timely way, virtual teams must quickly become effective upon formation. However, prior studies have found that virtual teams are ineffective initially because electronic communication does not facilitate building of shared understanding among team members. This study proposes a dialogue technique that facilitates building of shared understanding in virtual teams. Results from an experiment showed that virtual teams which used this technique had better relational development and decision outcome than those which did not. Moreover these differences remained over time. Therefore, the dialogue technique appears to be useful for helping virtual teams become effective quickly so as to address business problems without unnecessary delays.

オフィス移動ロボットＪｉｊｏ‐２の音声対話システム

We are developing a mobile robot, called Jijo-2, which provides office services, such as answering queries about people's location, route guidance, and delivery tasks. To smoothly interact with office people, Jijo-2 is expected to conduct natural spoken conversation. This paper describes dialogue techniques implemented on our Jijo-2 office robot, i.e. noise-free voice acquisition system by a microphone array, inference of under-specified referents and zero pronouns using the attentional states, and context-sensitive construction of semantic frames from fragmented utterances. The behavior of the dialogue system integrated with the sound source detection, navigation, and face recognition vision is demonstrated in real dialogue examples in a real office.

Applying Stolorow's theory of intersubjectivity to Hendrix's imago techniques

In the psychological domain, intersubjectivity is defined by the intersection between differently organized subjective systems. Infant research has demonstrated that the intersubjective field is constituted by the reciprocal influence of both the infant's and the caregiver's self‐regulating systems. The work of Stolorow and his colleagues is discussed in relation to the dynamics of the dyadic system between intimate partners. The intersubjective perspective offers an empathic and pragmatic stance from which to understand how self‐structure is constantly affecting and being affected in the interaction with a significant other. Harville Hendrix's dialogue technique is described as part of a process for treating couples in which partners are taught tools for differentiated and empathic communication, thereby enacting a corrective cognitive and emotional experience.

Towards Fluency-structured Dialogues with Natural Speech Input

This paper presents the results of a study into how structured dialogue techniques in IVR systems can be extended to allow more natural speech interaction with the caller. A spoken language system was produced which allows callers to set reminder calls or bar outgoing or incoming telephone calls. In spite of the limits of speech recognition performance, the resulting system had a highly natural speech interface which allowed the caller to optionally offer one or more pieces of information at a time.

Critical care nurses' lived experiences of caring

OBJECTIVE: To formulate the fundamental structure of caring as lived by Critical Care Nurses. DESIGN: Colaizzi's phenomenological research method and Diekelmann's dialogue technique were applied. SETTING: The home of each nurse constituted the setting for the interview. The nurses were employed in critical care units in six large metropolitan hospitals in the Southwest. SAMPLE: The availability sample consisted of 15 female critical care registered nurses. The nurses' mean age was 35 years. The mean number of years in critical care nursing was 4.7. One nurse was Asian, one was Hispanic, and 13 were Caucasian. RESULTS: Caring was composed of affective, cognitive, action, and outcome subprocesses. The caring process originated in the nurse's feelings and knowledge, and moved the nurse to competent actions that contributed to patient, family, and nurse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Understanding of the process of caring was strengthened by the findings. The decision process used by nurses would benefit from further examination for the presence of the affective and nurse outcome subprocesses.