Dialogue Understanding Research Articles

Transnational Judicial Dialogue as an Organisational Field

AbstractOver the last few decades, judges and courts have had an important role in global governance. They also now communicate with each other more than they used to. Scholars have named this phenomenon ‘the transnational judicial dialogue.’ This paper calls for a comprehensive understanding of this judicial dialogue in a way that will explain the influence it has on courts. This paper proposes to use the concept of organisational fields, developed by DiMaggio and Powell, to study the relationships between courts. It will be seen that this concept gives a fuller account of those relationships and their effects than the existing approaches. This paper will first show that the transnational organisational field of the courts is now emerging using the four criteria of structuration. Then, the paper will discuss three examples of how this concept can contribute to the study of transnational relationships between courts.

Constructing a Bakhtinian/Freirean Dialogic Pedagogy for the College Composition Classroom

Author McAuley discusses the perception of dialog in the field of Education and argues for a more complex and comprehensive understanding of the term. The discussion identifies two camps of dialogic pedagogy based upon the theories of either Mikhail Bakhtin or Paulo Freire and teases out the differences and commonalties between the two theorists’ understanding of dialog. In particular, the author contrasts Bakhtin’s socio-psychological aspects of dialog with Freire’s socio-political ones. The discussion then moves to a review of practitioner research based in Bakhtin, Freire or a combination of the two in order to show how the theories can work in concert within a dialogic pedagogical stance. The discussion concludes with a consideration that a dialogic pedagogy based in both theorists clarifies the discussion and mutually edifies both educators and student through a more comprehensive understanding of dialogic pedagogy.

The Differential Expression of Kiss1, MMP9 and Angiogenic Regulators across the Feto-Maternal Interface of Healthy Human Pregnancies: Implications for Trophoblast Invasion and Vessel Development

Genes involved in invasion of trophoblast cells and angiogenesis are crucial in determining pregnancy outcome. We therefore studied expression profiles of these genes in both fetal and maternal tissues to enhance our understanding of feto-maternal dialogue. We investigated the expression of genes involved in trophoblast invasion, namely Kiss1, Kiss1 Receptor (Kiss1R) and MMP9 as well as the expression of angiogenic ligands Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGF-A) and Prokineticin-1 (PROK1) and their respective receptors (VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and PROK1R) across the feto-maternal interface of healthy human pregnancies. The placenta, placental bed and decidua parietalis were sampled at elective caesarean delivery. Real-time RT-PCR was used to investigate transcription, while immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses were utilized to study protein expression. We found that the expression of Kiss1 (p<0.001), Kiss1R (p<0.05) and MMP9 (p<0.01) were higher in the placenta compared to the placental bed and decidua parietalis. In contrast, the expression of VEGF-A was highest in the placental bed (p<0.001). While VEGFR1 expression was highest in the placenta (p<0.01), the expression of VEGFR2 was highest in the placental bed (p<0.001). Lastly, both PROK1 (p<0.001) and its receptor PROK1R (p<0.001) had highest expression in the placenta. Genes associated with trophoblast invasion were highly expressed in the placenta which could suggest that the influence on invasion capacity may largely be exercised at the fetal level. Furthermore, our findings on angiogenic gene expression profiles suggest that angiogenesis may be regulated by two distinct pathways with the PROK1/PROK1R system specifically mediating angiogenesis in the fetus and VEGFA/VEGFR2 ligand-receptor pair predominantly mediating maternal angiogenesis.

Hierarchical speech-act classification for discourse analysis

The analysis of a speech act is important for dialogue understanding systems because the speech act of an utterance is closely associated with the user’s intention in the utterance. This paper proposes a speech act classification model that effectively uses a two-layer hierarchical structure generated from the adjacency pair information of speech acts. The proposed model has two advantages when adding hierarchical information to speech act classification; the improved accuracy of the speech act classification and the reduced running time in the testing phase. As a result, it achieves higher performance than other models that do not use the hierarchical structure and has faster running time because Support Vector Machine classifiers can efficiently be arranged on the two-layer hierarchical structure.

Design and pharmacology of a highly specific dual FMS and KIT kinase inhibitor

Inflammation and cancer, two therapeutic areas historically addressed by separate drug discovery efforts, are now coupled in treatment approaches by a growing understanding of the dynamic molecular dialogues between immune and cancer cells. Agents that target specific compartments of the immune system, therefore, not only bring new disease modifying modalities to inflammatory diseases, but also offer a new avenue to cancer therapy by disrupting immune components of the microenvironment that foster tumor growth, progression, immune evasion, and treatment resistance. McDonough feline sarcoma viral (v-fms) oncogene homolog (FMS) and v-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KIT) are two hematopoietic cell surface receptors that regulate the development and function of macrophages and mast cells, respectively. We disclose a highly specific dual FMS and KIT kinase inhibitor developed from a multifaceted chemical scaffold. As expected, this inhibitor blocks the activation of macrophages, osteoclasts, and mast cells controlled by these two receptors. More importantly, the dual FMS and KIT inhibition profile has translated into a combination of benefits in preclinical disease models of inflammation and cancer.

Transnational Judicial Dialogue as an Organisational Field

Over the last few decades, judges and courts have had an important role in global governance. They also now communicate with each other more than they used to. Scholars have named this phenomenon ‘the transnational judicial dialogue’. This paper calls for a comprehensive understanding of this judicial dialogue in a way that will explain the influence it has on courts. This paper proposes to use the concept of organisational fields, developed by DiMaggio and Powell, to study the relationships between courts. It will be seen that this concept gives a fuller account of those relationships and their effects than the existing approaches.This paper will first show that the transnational organisational field of the courts is now emerging using the four criteria of structuration. Then, the paper will discuss three examples of how this concept can contribute to the study of transnational relationships between courts.

Intergroup Dialogue: a Theoretical Positioning

It has been premised that group based dialogue may be viewed as a face-to-face facilitated conversation between members of two or more social identity groups for the purpose of new levels of understanding, relating, and action. Beyond this superficial meaning however intergroup dialogue exhibits a number of definitional and thereby theoretical inconsistencies leading to confusion and lack of clarity regarding the term. Concerns regarding what constitutes a group and of dialogue vie with issues of power to create a diversity of approaches towards multivocal conversation. This paper suggests that a useful approach to understanding intergroup dialogue is to acknowledge that meanings will always be contested. Drawing on academic and empirical examples this paper explores and unpacks different influences and epistemologies that underpin conceptual understandings of both dialogue and of the group. It is noted that group membership may be classified according to positivistic, critical or constructivist orientations while dialogue, although not so epistemologically differentiated, nevertheless draws on diverse scholarly conceptualisations from which it is defined and presented. The paper concludes through acknowledging that our understanding of dialogue itself is an ongoing project involving meaningful interactions across difference.

Developments in IVF legislation in a Catholic Country

Some time ago an article was published in this journal relating the difficulties of legislating for InVitro Fertilization in a Catholic country and the issues and side issues which had to be faced. Since then one has approached closer to having a law which regulates this technology. However several issues continue to challenge the country. The main concern, other than IVF not being a natural method of having children is the status of the embryo. The normative values of the country in fact induces politicians to discuss an 'embryology act' rather than a 'reproductive medicine' act. At the eleventh hour Bishops continue to launch concerns which raises queries on how the debate moved forward over the past two decades. This paper tackles these issues and other more recent concerns and suggestions and takes a look at how such processes can be improved through a more rigorous understanding and logistic of dialogue, as certainly such debates should have implications for bioethics in general. Although the Church's document Donum Vitae's instructions for politicians where legislation for this technology has to occur has been vindicated, I seems that whilst many disputes have been resolved, the main conflict--that of the value of the conjugal act--has not.

Dialogue and science: Innovation in policy-making and the discourse of public engagement in the UK

This paper examines the way in which innovation in science policy in the UK over the last 25 years has been built around a discourse of changing preferences for modes of communication with citizens. The discussion, framed in debates and developments that deal with deliberative democracy and public engagement, draws on discourse analysis of key policy documents, statements made by members of the science policy network, and on interviews with public engagement practitioners. The relationship between science and society emerges as a 25-year old project of crisis management organised into three distinct models: public understanding of science,public engagement, and public dialogue. The analysis questions the existing narrative of progress and evolution constructed around key switch points, highlights the overwhelming influence of public understanding of science approaches, and attends to the question of the viability of public dialogue as the mainstream activity in science communication and policy-making.

A Catholic Response to Gavin D'costa

Some ambiguity remains in the official Catholic understanding of dialogue and mission, but the basic thrust of Vatican II Catholicism definitely leans toward a nonmissionizing position with regard to Jews. This seems evident in the several statements on Christian-Jewish relations beginning with the conciliar text Nostra aetate and continuing in papal statements and the writings of individual theologians. This thrust stands in opposition to Gavin D'Costa's claim for a continued mandate of mission to the Jews.

النقل الثقافي في السترجة السينماتوغرافية ما بين اللغات فيلم*العفيون والعصا*نموذجا

Cultural transfer in cross-linguistic film subtitling Film "The Opium and the Stick" as a case study&#x0D; In translation studies, the issue of cultural transfer was and still is one of the challenges on which the success or failure of the translation process in creative writings depends. In the sense that texts are generally translated according to the traditional concept of translation, but when it comes to the cinematographic audio-visual texts, in particular, the situation is completely different, especially in the field of cinematographic subtitling, because the text remains hypothetical and it requires the understanding of dialogues and other cinematographic factors. This work discusses the mechanisms that govern the process of cultural transfer in cinematographic subtitling between languages (the source and target languages), as well as the nature of equivalence which cannot be understood without considering the context.It appears through this study that the word outside of actual use is meaningless; considering that texts or discourses convey within them a cultural content and a cognitive material, expressed in a specific place and context with a specific intention, and this cultural content is what was expressed. Meaning is the essence of the transfer process in translation and it is the first and last goal because the extract is based on meanings in the process of transferring through understanding that is generated through the linguistic and non-linguistic elements of the cinematographic film. Put otherwise, both formal equivalence and functional equivalence have their place in the transfer strategy adopted by the detractor. Familiarity with the text is not only a feature of dubbing, but also subtitling. It should also be noted that in addition to these elements, there are still other fundamental problem in the stage of understanding the retrieved text, which lie in the fact that our knowledge of audio-visual translation is limited so far. We cannot even say that the translator follows these steps; rather each translator has his own style of transmission, and it is even more difficult to determine how to understand the text - what do we do exactly when we try to understand an audiovisual text? Also, successful methods have not been available to deal with this type of communication channels by providing the elements of audio-visual sense, subjective experience and information that must be available for an audio-visual translator. These issues lead us to reconsider the classical and modern translation concepts and reformulate them according to the current communicative data.&#x0D;

A comparitive study of rhetorical dispositions and military strategies

Rhetoric is full of militaristic imagination. This paper focuses on the similarities between rhetorical dispositions and military strategies, especially of deployment, based on a selection of eastern and western rhetorical materials of composition. Quintilian, Sun-Zi and Pak Chiwon address the relation between argumentation and violent conflict, especially war. The rhetoric of argumentation carries this militaristic imagination because argumentation is a substitute for violence, a different way of experiencing and addressing conflict. The rhetoric of military deployment reveals a dominative mode and attitude in persuasion and communication. This betrayal is finally conducive to cooperative dialogue. The rhetoricians need to confront the still heard criticism that they are deceptive and manipulating in the matters of their language use. If war cannot be abolished because we cannot extinguish our aggression ingrained in our blood, our frank concession of our hidden drives of violence and domination can be constructive to our dialogic understanding and communicative grammar of assent.

La revue transition (1927–1938): Le modernisme historique en devenir.

<i>La revue transition (1927–1938): Le modernisme historique en devenir.</i>

Finding common ground: the boundaries and interconnections between faith-based organisations and mental health services

A perennial theme in the literature of religion and mental health is the need for dialogue between psychiatry and faith-based organisations in the care of people with mental health problems. These worlds are often depicted as oppositional and antagonistic; at times the boundaries are so tightly drawn that it is hard to see where they might share values and concerns. This paper examines the interface areas of religion and mental health care in order to consider where consensus and from where collaboration might emerge. We suggest that while certainly there is a need for dialogue and mutual understanding, there is also a need for psychiatry and faith groups to explore the nature and boundaries of proposed relationships.

International tourism, security and intercultural dialogue in the Arab World

International tourism presents one of the rare possibilities of mass active face-to-face cultural exchange and spatial exploring of the ‘other’. Beyond its cultural dimension, international tourism is a major economic sector in many countries. It provides jobs and foreign currency. One the one hand, tourism is a fragile industry that requires security, stability and tolerance. On the other hand, tourists are soft targets of terrorist attacks, not only in the Arab and Muslim worlds, but indeed worldwide. The article explores the actual and the invented types of segregation in the name of security and terror prevention measures in Arab countries. It demonstrates how the dichotomy of security/segregation prevents intercultural dialogue and better understanding of the ‘other’.

Letting Stories Breathe: A Socio‐narratology

Letting Stories Breathe: A Socio‐narratology

CONSIDERATION OF THE SPECIFICS OF UNDERSTANDING TEXTUAL COMMUNIQUES IN DESIGNING DIALOGUES WITH A USER OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM

The paper presents a proposal to take into account the language comprehension paradigm in an attempt to improve the design methodology of human-computer dialogues. It is assumed that the user treats a system as a subject, i.e. perceives communication with the system as a kind of discourse and intuitively treats it as cognition of the world through a fixed image of objective linguistic signs. Due to the fact that every end-user of a computer system has an individual linguistic competence, thesaurus, habits, previous experiences, one can never guarantee that identical semantic references arise in a variety of audiences. The situation becomes more stable if one considers the communication aspect of comprehension on the basis of practice (familiarity of things). It may be expected that a qualified professional user will commit fewer errors, caused by a poor dialogue understanding while interacting with the system. Therefore, the main task of a designer is to speed up and facilitate the learning process, which can be achieved by running the process of constructive rational understanding.

Grounding the Interaction: Anchoring Situated Discourse in Everyday Human-Robot Interaction

This paper presents how extraction, representation and use of symbolic knowledge from real-world perception and human-robot verbal and non-verbal interaction can actually enable a grounded and shared model of the world that is suitable for later high-level tasks such as dialogue understanding. We show how the anchoring process itself relies on the situated nature of human-robot interactions. We present an integrated approach, including a specialized symbolic knowledge representation system based on Description Logics, and case studies on several robotic platforms that demonstrate these cognitive capabilities.

Dialogic framing of scientific content for conceptual and epistemic understanding

AbstractThis article draws on M. M. Bakhtin's (1981) notion of dialogism to articulate what it means to understand a scientific idea. In science, understanding an idea is both conceptual and epistemic and is exhibited by an ability to use it in explanation and argumentation. Some distillation of these activities implies that dialogic understanding of a scientific idea includes being able to use it to explain natural phenomena, being aware that it is one among a multiplicity of alternatives, and that the scientific idea is superior to alternatives based upon a scientific evaluation which involves relating it to evidence. This notion of dialogic understanding is related here to a scaffolding framework, which we argue characterizes one form of instructional support for framing content dialogically as part of explanation and argumentation. For illustration, the framework is applied to data from a high school evolutionary biology course. In contrast to the prevailing position that dialogic understanding should be supported through engaging in argumentation (i.e., actual dialogue), we entertain an additional possibility that dialogic understanding can be supported through dialogic framing. We also entertain the possibility that dialogic framing of content can provide initial support for student engagement in argumentation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed96:369–391, 2012

Gestão social: reflexões teóricas e conceituais

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os avanços e discutir as críticas em relação à gestão social, além de apresentar contribuições para possível delimitação inicial desse campo de conhecimento, que se entende aqui, está em construção. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura acerca dos aportes teóricos sobre o tema. São apresentadas e discutidas as principais críticas e elencadas as contribuições para a delimitação do campo. O artigo também aborda a importância do tema e a reconstrução da origem do termo gestão social. Na percepção dos autores deste texto, a gestão social é antitética à gestão estratégica uma vez que a sua preocupação é com o envolvimento de todos no processo de tomada de decisão coletiva; contrária, portanto, à gestão estratégica cujo arcabouço conceitual e instrumental está vinculado a mecanismos decisórios baseados na hierarquia. Em síntese, a gestão social é apresentada como a tomada de decisão coletiva, sem coerção, baseada na inteligibilidade da linguagem, na dialogicidade e no entendimento esclarecido como processo, na transparência como pressuposto e na emancipação enquanto fim último.