Dialectical Approach Research Articles

The “Liberation” Theme of Modern Chinese Literature

The concept of “liberation” has profoundly influenced the development of modern Chinese literature, giving rise to a “liberation” theme with profound implications. Modern Chinese literature can be analyzed from the joint perspectives of the liberators, the routes to liberation and the scope of liberation. Variations among the liberators have led to the two different concepts of self-liberation and being liberated; the differences in the routes to liberation have led to the intermixture of liberation based on persuasion and struggle-based liberation; and the difference in the scope of liberation derives from the alternation of the partial achievement of thoroughgoing liberation and the full realization of incremental liberation. The Chinese concept of liberation was strongly shaped by the Communist Party of China (CPC); compared to the work of those writers influenced by the CPC’s concept of “liberation,” the writings of ordinary non-Communist writers present “liberation” differently. The latter tend to adopt an either/or attitude toward liberation, whereas the former ensure that liberation theme reflects the interaction and blending of different types of “liberation” concepts, thus establishing a new form of “liberation” writing. To mark the centenary of the CPC, we have reviewed and explored the “liberation” theme of modern Chinese literature in the hope that we will gain a full understanding of the theoretical discourse and historical practice of “liberation,” taking a dialectical approach to freedom and responsibility, respecting tradition while boldly pursuing innovation, and striving to explore the realistic significance and ideological value of literary works.

В. В. Лісіца, О. М. Михайленко, І. В. Юрко ЕКОСИСТЕМНИЙ ПІДХІД ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ РОЗВИТКУ ТА ПІДТРИМКИ КРЕАТИВНИХ ІНДУСТРІЙ НА РЕГІОНАЛЬНОМУ РІВНІ

The purpose of this article is to study the essence of the ecosystem approach in the development of creative industries at the regional level, analyze the constituent elements of the creative ecosystem, substantiate the directions for growth and support of creative industries as a component of the regional creative ecosystem. Methodology of research. The solution of the tasks set in the article is carried out with the help of the following general scientific and special research methods: analysis and synthesis, systematization, comparison and generalisation and dialectical approach. Findings. The carried out analysis made it possible to determine peculiarities of the application of the ecosystem approach as a tool for the development and support of creative industries at the regional level in modern conditions. We also identified and substantiated trends and peculiarities of the development of creative industries in Ukraine in modern conditions, amongst which we highlighted the following particularities: strengthening the institutional capacity of creative industries, the growth of the economic potential of this sector, demonstrating high creative potential and active involvement in global cultural trends, low level of cooperation between various sectors of creative industries; weak interaction of creative industries with authorities, businesses and other partners. It is determined that the ecosystem approach describes successful entrepreneurship as a process resulting from the interaction between entrepreneurs and the environment, as well as dynamic local social, institutional and cultural processes of the participants that encourage and facilitate the formation and growth of new firms. In the course of the study, the attributes and characteristics of entrepreneurial and creative ecosystems were encountered, attention was focused on the main points related to the application of the ecosystem approach to the development of creative industries at the regional level. Strategic directions for the formation of creative ecosystems at the regional level are offered. Practical value. The proposed recommendations are aimed at identifying new growth opportunities for the creative industry sector based on an ecosystem approach at the regional level.

Проблемы конструирования состава преступления, устанавливающего уголовную ответственность за нарушение правил дорожного движения лицом, подвергнутым административному наказанию и лишенным права управления транспортными средствами (статья 2642 Уголовного кодекса Российской Федерации)

Relevance. The need to comply with the legislative technique rules, in its broad sense, to comply with the social conditionality requirements, consistency and scientific validity when making changes to the Criminal Law and constructing the corpus delicti is recognized by scientists, practitioners and updated in connection with the introduction of Article 2642 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to identify problems related to the construction of the corpus delicti establishing criminal liability for violation of traffic rules by a person subjected to administrative punishment and deprived of the right to drive vehicles (article 2642 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). The objectives of the study are to identify controversial aspects related to the legislative technique rules, the social conditionality requirements of the criminal law norm, as well as the need to comply with the requirements of consistency and scientific validity of the Criminal Law amendments. The research methodology is based on the use of general scientific methods such as analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, formal logic and dialectical approach, comparative studies, as well as the method of a sys-tematic approach to achieve goals and objectives. Results. As a result of the conducted research, the problems associated with the construction of the corpus delicti provided for in Article 2642 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the legislative technique rules, as well as with the absence of socio-legal prerequisites (grounds and conditions) for criminalization as an independent corpus delicti, were identified. Conclusions. The using administrative prejudice for expand the scope of criminal law to relations that are not by their nature criminal law is unjustified. A large positive effect from the introduction of Article 2642 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is unlikely, because the existing experience of such additions and changes in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation does not allow us to hope for this. We believe that the legal and technical rules in the construction of criminal law prohibitions need a deep and thorough study.

МЕТОДИЧНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ОЦІНКИ ЙМОВІРНОСТІ БАНКРУТСТВА УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The aim of the study is to methodical assessment of the probability of bankruptcy of Ukrainian enterprises taking into account the specifics of agricultural activity. We defined the term "bankruptcy" taking into account its economic and legal aspect; the effects of threats on the financial and economic condition of the enterprise and the probability of bankruptcy were investigated; studied and analyzed the most common methods of assessing the probability of bankruptcy of enterprises in modern business conditions. To achieve this aim, the following research methods and techniques were used: abstract-logical method (when revealing the essence of the concept of Bankruptcy); dialectical approach (for theoretical generalization on problems identification and ways of solving these problems, for formulation of conclusions); method of expert assessments, comparative analysis approach, analysis and synthesis methods (in developing the concept of assessing the probability of bankruptcy); monographic technique (for in-depth study of individual types of factors influencing the likelihood of bankruptcy); graphical and tabular method (when presenting the results of the study). The author's definition of the term "bankruptcy" is offered. The classification of the principal branch factors influencing probability of bankruptcy of the enterprises of agrarian sphere of Ukraine is specified and schematized. It was proved that the discriminant analysis of the assessment of the probability of bankruptcy (construction of multifactor models that summarize the most important financial indicators in the integrated indicator) does not take into account the sectoral characteristics of agricultural enterprises. The concept of bankruptcy diagnostics was set forward, which combines discriminant analysis and expert assessment of qualitative signs of a possible crisis of an agricultural enterprise. The indicators selected for examination cover non-financial factors– risks and threats of agricultural production in Ukraine, and their generalization allows to clarify the risk of bankruptcy.

ЦИФРОВАЯ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ

In modern conditions, the main vector of development of almost all spheres of activity is digitalization. The implementation of digital technologies is associated with the solution of strategic tasks in the economy and public administration. Digitalization makes it possible to use various sources to collect data in order to make management decisions after their analysis and evaluation. The results of digitalization of public administration are expected to digitalize the functions of authorities, increase citizens' satisfaction with the quality of state and municipal services and the speed of their receipt, create conditions for interaction between the population, business and the state using information technology. The paper attempts to determine the possibilities of digital transformation of public administration. The essence of this process is considered, the analysis of experience, including foreign, and problems of using information and communication technologies (ICT) in public administration is carried out, prospects in this area are identified. As a methodology, general theoretical meta-odes and special tools were used: analysis, synthesis; system, complex, dialectical approaches. It is summarized that the digital transformation of public administration in Russia is at the initial stage. The problems of using ICT in public administration are determined by the presence of separate unrelated information and analytical systems, the lack of integration between them, their lack of flexibility, the inability to assess the real effect of the implementation of initiatives, projects, government programs for socio-economic development or a specific group of the population. The next stage of digitalization provides for data–centricity – the use of objective data in public administration.

М. Б. Нагара ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ БІЗНЕС-МОДЕЛІ: ГЕНЕЗА, СКЛАДОВІ, ФАКТОРИ ВПЛИВУ

The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical and applied aspects of business models. Methodology of research. The achievement of the purpose set in the article is carried out with the help of the following research methods: content analysis, dialectical approach, induction and deduction, logical approach, graphic method. Findings. The views of scientists regarding the formation of the business models concept are analyzed. The contribution of scientists to the meaningful interpretation of the “business model” concept is outlined. It is determined that the key aspect of the business model is the detailed architecture of the enterprise’s activities with the aim of obtaining profit, gaining and maintaining a high competitive status. The “business model” concept is based on the criteria of complexity, situationality, evolution and practical implementation. The factors determining the architecture of the business model are characterized. The specifics of the interrelated component business models are substantiated. The requirements that a complex business model of a modern enterprise must meet are outlined. The business model should be based on material (financial, technical, informational) resources controlled by the enterprise and key competencies embodied in human resources. The business model should reflect the enterprise’s place in the consumer value chain. The business model must take into account the chaotic and changing business environment. The business model must be clear for practical implementation. It is outlined that the business modeling tools are systematically developing and becoming more complicated due to the acceleration of changes in the business environment. Practical value. Systematization of knowledge in the field of the business modeling will improve management efficiency and enterprise flexibility. The need for further research in the field of business models and their dynamic components is emphasized. It is justified that business models provide the definition, substantiation and implementation of strategic business goals on the basis of optimal relevant schemes.

Криминогенность миграционных процессов: и снова о шкале рисков

The relevance of the study is due to the need for constant monitoring of the criminogenic risks of migration processes, including those associated with illegal migration, a phenomenon difficult for criminological assessment that poses a threat to national security. Purpose: rethinking the risks of criminogenicity of migration processes to improve measures to counter national and transnational crime. Objectives: to obtain objective data on the structure of migration crime; to identify trends in its development in order to meaningfully fill the scale of risks of migration processes; generalization of the results obtained. The research methodology is based on a dialectical approach, also includes sociological, statistical, expert assessment method, analysis, synthesis, mathematical, comparative methods. The results. Based on the analysis of up-to-date official statistics and comparison of the results with previously obtained data, as well as expert assessments, the objectivity of which is due to the high latency of migration crime, the criminogenic migration risks corresponding to the average risk indicators have been adjusted. The results obtained are structured depending on the status of migrants and the prevalence of acts committed by them or in relation to them and are summarized in the scale of criminogenicity risks of migration processes (migration) (from minimal to ultra-high). Conclusions. Based on the results of the study, particular conclusions were made about the appropriateness of adjusting the accounting system for crimes committed by foreign citizens and stateless persons and in relation to them, and rethinking the criminological approach to determining migration crime that does not include a group of acts directly related to illegal migration (articles 322.1, 322.2, 322.3 of the Criminal Code The Russian Federation), as well as the general conclusion about the need for constant monitoring of the criminogenic risks of migration (especially its uncontrolled part) in order to coordinate migration policy and counteract various types of crime, which is of great par-ticular importance in the unstable migration situation during crises.

Renewal of the Global Governance Model in the Process of Geosocium Transformation

The article analyzes the changes in the geosocium governance model that have occurred due to the impact of sharing and digital economies’ development. It determines the nature of interaction between states and multinational corporations and reveals the potential role of communities as the owner and source of resource exchange, and a global governance actor in this interaction. Therefore, the study focuses on the trends in renewing the global governance model in the process of geosocium transformation. A dialectical approach and the method of intellectual inversion, which allowed a comprehensive analysis of the functions redistribution in governing socium and geosocium, were used in the research. It is stated that green, digital and cryptocurrency transitions act as instrumental forms for reshaping the model of global governance of strategic resources for vital human activities. The study suggests that the transition to the age of digital coexistence has increased the flexibility of global governance actors and diversity of their associations on the basis of harmonization and restoration of the system’s energy and information balance. The modern geosocium construct which is complex, but simultaneously fragile and vulnerable, requires the governance system, which is being shaped, to comply with the principles of openness, tolerance, dialogue communication and responsibility of all participants in geosocial relations.

Банківська екосистема: новий понятійний апарат банківської науки

The essence and structure of the banking system of Ukraine were largely regulated by law in the 1990s. Many changes have taken place since then. Today there are questions about changing the conceptual tools of banking science in terms of new understanding and formation of the banking ecosystem. The article is devoted to the study of basic concepts of banking science. The aims of the study are to formulate a new concept of “banking ecosystem” from the standpoint of open systems theory, to improve infrastructural components of the banking system of Ukraine. The research methodology is based on the use of open systems theory, a dialectical approach, systematic and comparative analysis, generalization of concepts, theory of open systems in the natural sciences. The information base is the legislation and regulations regulating banking activities in Ukraine, scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists, Internet resources. Results. The analysis reveals that the legislative wording has shortcomings in the definition of responsible regulators on the part of the state. The author's vision of concept “banking ecosystem” from the standpoint of open economic environment, the formation of incoming and outgoing financial flows and relationships is proposed. The list of participants of the modern infrastructure of the banking system of Ukraine is formulated. It is argued that the banking system of Ukraine should be studied using chaos theory and open systems theory, when the impact of the cooperative effect of joint behaviour of players cannot be fully predicted and there exists a synergistic effect. The mathematical approach and criteria for the openness index of the banking system and for the synergistic effect of the interaction between participants in the banking system is offered.

CRISIS PHENOMENA AND SAFETY FACTORS IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY OF UKRAINE

Objective. The objective of the article is to substantiate the impact of crisis phenomena on the tourism industry of Ukraine and the need to develop anti-crisis strategies that would minimize the impact of global threats on the development of Ukraine’s tourism industry and promote their development in the post-crisis period. Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the provisions of modern economic theory, management theory, and scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of marketing. The methods used to ensure its logical essence are the following: the dialectical method of scientific knowledge, the method of system-structural analysis, the method of modeling complex systems. The solution of the tasks set in the article is carried out with the help of the following general and special research methods: analysis and synthesis, systematization and generalization, dialectical approach. Results. The authors consider the impact of the crisis on the structure and volume of tourist flows in Ukraine. It is concluded that their negative impact on the functioning of tourism (we are talking about the annexation of Crimea, the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russian invasion of Ukraine). It is noted that in times of crisis it is important to develop ways to minimize the impact of crisis phenomena by means of introduction of anti-crisis strategies for tourism in Ukraine, which will take into account external and internal negative factors, outlined measures, the implementation of which will overcome the existing negative trends and consequences of the crisis in the tourism industry. It is concluded that in the crisis period there is a complete reformatting of our usual systems, the formation of new social and economic strategies, which should be based on the principle of using the intellectual and creative potential of the human personality. The importance of combining tourism and culture is substantiated, as they are a source of identity in the context of globalization and crisis. The safety factors of minimizing the impact of crisis phenomena in the tourism industry of Ukraine are indicated.

Фіскальна ефективність системи непрямого оподаткування в Україні

The increased riskiness of the fiscal space in Ukraine is a consequence of the generation of military-political and socio-economic challenges at the new stage of Russia's eight-year war against Ukraine. In wartime, there is the expediency of increased attention to determining the fiscal efficiency of the country's tax system in general and the indirect taxation system in particular. The article aims to assess the fiscal efficiency of indirect taxes in the years preceding the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of independent Ukraine. It will allow us to identify established trends, analyze the issues and develop directions for improving the indirect taxation system during the post-war recovery period. The research methodology is based on the use of generally accepted methods, in particular analytical, complex, statistical, economic-mathematical, dialectical approach, systematic and comparative analysis. Legislative and regulatory acts regulating tax activities in Ukraine, scientific publications and official statistical data served as an information base. The results: Taxes regulated by the Tax Code of Ukraine were classified according to the economic content of the object of taxation. The role of the indirect taxation system in the formation of budgetary resources of Ukraine and the EU member states was determined. Fiscal efficiency indicators of value-added tax, excise tax and customs duties were calculated. The need for more use of the fiscal potential of the indirect taxation system in Ukraine was substantiated. The key aspects of reducing the fiscal efficiency of consumption taxes have been identified. Directions for increasing the fiscal efficiency of the indirect taxation system in Ukraine were proposed.

IMPROVING THE MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR IN THE CONTEXT OF STRENGTHENING THE FINANCIAL SECURITY OF BUSINESS ENTITIES

Purpose. The aim of the article is to research the theoretical, methodical and practical foundations of financial resources management in the public sector in the context of strengthening the financial security of economic entities, identifying positive, negative and problematic results and, on their basis, formulating the most important conceptual approaches to development in modern economic conditions. Methods of research. A number of scientific approaches, general scientific, specific scientific and special methods were used in the process of scientific research. The dialectical approach is based on the use of categories and laws of dialectics, the management process is considered in its development and the relationship between individual components. The institutional approach was focused on the study of stable forms of organization and regulation of financial relations in society with the help of certain norms and institutions. The hermeneutic approach was based on a set of approaches to the interpretation of financial categories and phenomena based on financial law, taking into account the opinions and proposals in the economic literature. The comparative approach made it possible to identify similar and different features when explaining the essence of financial resources, threats and challenges to financial security. The system approach made it possible to consider financial resources, financial security as a whole set of individual constituent parts that interact with each other and make up a single whole. The analytical method was used in the review of the literature on the problems of financial resources and financial security. The classification method made it possible to differentiate the components of financial security, financial challenges, threats and risks. The description method is used to characterize financial phenomena and processes. The generalization method made it possible to form conclusions and recommendations as a result of the research. Findings. The current state of management of financial resources of economic entities in the public sector is considered, a conceptual approach to the interpretation of the essence of management, as well as its purpose, is defined. The main features of financial resources in the public sector are characterized and their definition is given. Conceptual approaches to understanding the essence of financial security of enterprises and financial risks are clarified. Potential threats are summarized, their classification is given. Administrative and economic methods of state regulation of enterprises, organizations and institutions are considered. The characteristics of the means of institutional regulation of the activities of enterprises, the types of influence of the institutional regulation of the financial security of business entities, and its directions are given. Methods and tools, objects and subjects, structural components of financial security of enterprises are revealed. The reasons and consequences of inadequate guarantee of financial security, as well as financial indicators for a comprehensive assessment of the state of financial security of economic entities of state and communal forms of ownership are clarified. Originality. Conceptual approaches to the interpretation of the management of financial resources, as well as the essence of financial resources of business entities, have been formed. The concepts of object, subject and subject of financial resources management are clarified and the main features of financial resources in the public sector are proposed. Approaches to determining the essence of financial security of enterprises, financial risks, threats, challenges, methods of state regulation of enterprises, causes, consequences of inadequate guarantee of financial security, as well as financial indicators, which are expedient to use for a comprehensive assessment of the state of financial security of enterprises, have gained further development. Practical value. The conclusions and proposals contained in the article have a theoretical basis and practical significance. Recommendations regarding the organization of financial resources management in the public sector, as well as the determination of challenges, threats, risks, causes, consequences of inadequate funding guarantee of financial security, financial indicators for a comprehensive assessment of the level of this security can be used in the practical activities of enterprises, organizations, state and communal institutions forms of ownership. Such recommendations will make it possible to increase the efficiency of the use of financial resources, prevent or minimize the negative impact of possible financial challenges, threats, risks, and strengthen the level of financial security of economic entities. Key words: public sector, financial resources, financial security, economic entities, financial challenges, financial threats, financial risks, state regulation, institutional regulation, financial indicators.

Spiritual Consistory in Contradiction between the Idea of God and the Idea of the State

The article is devoted to the analysis of legislative acts, archival materials, and other narrative sources, on the basis of which a description of one of the church administrative and judicial institutions of the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries is given. The principles of the formation of spiritual consistories, the mode of functioning, the specifics of cases examined by this church-judicial body are considered. According to the authors, ecclesiastical consistories performed administrative and judicial roles in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Spiritual consistories were an important element of the system of state and legal institutions during this period. The old concept of the “symphony of powers” was replaced by the principle of subordination of the church to the state. In this regard, the historical fate of the spiritual consistories turned out to be closely connected with the fate of the state and legal institutions of the Russian Empire. The historical development of the Russian Orthodox Church led to the situation when a significant part of legal issues that were of great importance to the population of the Russian Empire was controlled within ecclesiastical jurisdiction. The methodological principles used for the research are the dialectical approach, which enables to consider this problem in historical retrospective; the method of problem-centered analysis; the comparative legal method of legal knowledge.

Against Nature

Pure nature, the nature that we distinguish from grace, spirit, nurture, society, history, culture, and the supernatural is an abstract fiction. A genealogy of the idea of pure nature reveals its source in the problematic theological idea of a purely human nature. But it was subsequently transformed and expanded by Rousseau into the idea of a state of nature from which all else derives. This all-encompassing nature stifles thought by dehistoricizing. Adorno’s “The Idea of a Natural History” and Sartre’s offer a dialectical approach that returns us to the concrete.

Реформирование управления лесами в Российской империи в середине ХIХ века Первые шаги реформы (на примере Курской губернии)

Relevance. Serious transformations have been carried out in the forest law of Russia in recent decades. The State is currently testing a new concept of forest management and use of forest resources based on the priority of public law. In the history of Russia, there is an experience of evolutionary transformation of the concepts of private and public law in the field of forest legal relations. The Purpose – study the experience of the evolutionary transformation of private and public law in the field of forest management in Russia in the middle of the XIX century. Objectives. Within the framework of the article, the following tasks are solved: analysis of the legal foundations of forest management reform in the middle of the XIX century, features of the implementation of certain provisions at the first stage of the reform on the example of the Kursk province. The methodology of the research is based on the use of a dialectical approach, involving modern methods and methods of studying normative legal acts. Results. Despite the absence of any fundamental legislative act marking the beginning of the reform in the field of forest management in the European part of Russia in the middle of the XIX century, the reform was of a fundamental nature. The provisions of public law were extended to the sphere in which the norms of private law had previously dominated. Conclusion. By the middle of the XIX century, the state had good reasons to streamline and strictly regulate the use of forests, including those that were privately owned. In privately owned forests by the 50s of the XIX century, the problem of forest destruction in the European part of Russia became obvious. The state began the reform with the unprivileged estate – the peasantry. However, the reform was misunderstood not only by peasants, but also by government officials responsible for its implementation. The negative attitude of the officials of the Forestry Department of the Kursk Chamber of State Property to the transformation of the forestry management of the province led to a delay in the reform.

Философское осмысление понятия «ноосферы» в эпоху технизации: возможности и проблемы

The article discusses the philosophical meanings of the concept of «noosphere», reflecting the phenomenon of human presence as an active and productive force on Earth. The relevance of the study lies in the analysis of the ambiguity and inconsistency of interpretations of the term «noosphere», which gives reason to think about its multidimensionality and the possibility of using philosophical science to describe the essential content of the activities of modern society. This approach will qualitatively rethink: what is the «reasonable sphere» in the philosophical dimension, since behind it is the future, more precisely: the future is possible if it begins to prevail on a global scale, as a new level of collective and individual thinking. The rejection of «noospherism» by science is largely due to its moral component, on which it is based, and its life-affirming optimism in critical literature is presented as a utopian idea. At the dawn of a new scientific revolution, prominent scientists predicted a global crisis if the implementation of scientific research is not accompanied by a constant appeal to ethical principles. The purpose of the work is to show the need to comprehend the ideas of the noosphere in the context of a philosophical approach, as the only way to preserve the spiritual foundation of a person in a technological world. Using elements of historical and philosophical reconstruction and the principles of dialectical reflection, the article considers the problem of losing balance between the spiritual and the material, creation and destruction, domination and service, as an inevitable path to a global catastrophe on a planetary scale. The dialectical approach made it possible to more deeply reveal the concept of «noosphere»: the sphere of interaction between the public and the natural reflects the process of the formation of human thinking — from opposing oneself to nature, to finding ways to unite with it, the harmonious coexistence of two principles that complement each other. Using the method of historical analysis, the similarity of the views of thinkers of different eras on the problem of Man in the world and the prospects for his development as an integral and harmonious being in the conditions of modern realities was found. The authors come to the conclusion that the prospect of developing the idea of the noosphere is most productive in the context of the philosophical approach, since philosophy gives the necessary freedom of thought and does not require a rigid attachment to any doctrine. According to the authors, the utopian nature of the concept of the noosphere at the present stage of the development of human society does not mean that its positive experience cannot be applied in the social environment. Moreover, it is the philosophical approach that makes it possible to «reconcile» and combine the moral and value component of the idea of the noosphere with practical science. Major companies around the world are already reconfiguring their technical base, taking into account new environmental requirements, including gentle production methods and a reasonable attitude towards the environment. The prospects of modern science are directed towards «green» technologies, which would be impossible without rethinking the role of humanity in organizing activities that affect nature. The «ecology» of thinking is not only an attempt to solve a number of global problems, but, above all, a new consciousness that seeks to find a way out of existing contradictions using humane methods. In this sense, philosophy turns into a «practical» science, influencing the activities of man and society.

Гендерный фактор в спорте: маскулинность/феминность ценностей спорта как социального института

The problem of clarifying the content of social roles in conditions of high dynamics of the transformation of society necessarily raises the question of revising the content of gender differences as a set of social indicators of gender. A particularly controversial problem field in the context of gender relations is sports, which is an important institution of socialization and an instrument of social success. The masculine nature of sports activity leaves an imprint on their social status in the context of gender guidelines and raises questions about the gender status of sports and the problems of gender identity of athletes. The aim of the article is to study the gender factor in sports and to study the gender orientation of the values of sports as a social institution. The methodology of the study is determined by its problem field. When considering subjectobject relations in the system of gender identification, the methods of a dialectical approach were applied, where gender was studied as a unity of subjective-personal and objective-cultural factors of thinking and behavior. When considering the problem of masculinization of female athletes, a structural approach was employed, where gender is considered as a cultural and historical code, as a special case of an episteme in gender-role discourse. In the study of the initial masculinity of sports values, a biosocial approach was used, where the phenomenon of sports was considered from both biological and social positions. The development of the problem of gender factor research in sports included consideration of the following issues: masculinity of sports as their typical feature, the impossibility of their feminization; the problem of masculinization of female athletes; sport as an area of female emancipation. As a result, the historical and physiological reasons for the masculinity of sports are considered. The archaic criteria for assessing gender identity and the inclusion of gender-specific personality traits characteristic of modern people in masculinity indicators are substantiated. The role of sports in the phenomenon of women’s emancipation is considered: the role of infrastructural and cultural factors of women’s inclusion in sports. The ambiguity of the phenomenon of masculinization of female athletes, the symbolic nature of the criteria, and the formulation of this problem are revealed. The role of the historical development of sports in the direction of universal needs and opportunities is shown, where the differentiation of sports disciplines and its qualitative diversity play a special role. This evolution has ensured an equal participation of women and men in sports activities.

Current trends in milk production and consumption in the world in the conditions of globalization

On the basis of the results of the conducted research, propose practical recommendations for the formation of cooperative associations of agricultural commodity producers of all forms of management. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the dialectical approach of cognition to economic phenomena and processes, according to which all objects are considered in the constant development, change and improvement of production relations. On the basis of a systemic analysis, cooperation is considered as a set of mutually coordinated and synchronously acting economic, organizational and social components that ensure the achievement of a synergistic effect. It has been proven that cooperation is carried out in three directions: intra-economic cooperation; cooperation of subjects of entrepreneurial activity in the field of agribusiness and personal peasant farms (PSH); inter-farm cooperation at the district and regional levels. Domestic and foreign experience shows that in large agricultural areas, it is advisable to build processing enterprises of appropriate capacity and create agro-industrial cooperative formations or associations in which capital can be transferred from processing enterprises to producers of agricultural raw materials. The system proposed by us is designed to ensure a fairly close connection between the level of material interest, increasing the responsibility of employees and the amount of gross income of the cooperative, and therefore, to contribute to the growth of production volumes and improvement of product quality. Thus, cooperation allows to increase production, successfully compete with the monopoly of processing and trading enterprises, combining the efforts of large and small agricultural production. It can also play an important role in achieving a worthy place for Ukraine in the global agrarian economy with its inherent competition, the struggle for the trust of business entities. It has been proven that the area of distribution of cooperative structures under market conditions can be expanded both horizontally and vertically. It aims to expand cooperation in the field of production, procurement, processing and sales of products, material and technical supply and service, lending and insurance. At the same time, the strategic goal of each of them should be the formation of the most expedient model. The results of this study can be used in further scientific developments to substantiate the prospects for the development of agricultural cooperation and in the practical activities of cooperatives.

Этноцентризм в современных социально-политических реалиях (часть I)

The problems of ethnocentrism are investigated, and the sociopolitical conditions of its relevance to contemporary realities are revealed. The specificity of ethnocentric consciousness and worldview is shown, and its role as a tool of national identification of an ethnic group is analyzed. The dependence of ethnocentrism maintenance on concrete historical conditions is underlined. Inconsistent character of ethnocentrism is investigated and the presence of positive and negative features in it is indicated. The duality of the socio-political and cultural nature of ethnocentrism is revealed by comparing the functions it fulfills: unification and opposition, which under certain conditions develops into an instrument of separation. The role of ethnocentric attitudes and stereotypes in the formation of a positive image of one's own ethnic group, its cultural and national values is traced. The negative nature of absolutized ethnocentrism is shown, as a result of which feelings of intra-ethnic superiority, on the one hand, and prejudice and antagonism towards representatives of other nations, on the other, arise. The reasons for the emergence of negative forms of ethnocentrism, which in practice can lead to manifestations of extremism, nationalism, and chauvinism, are analyzed. The object of the research is the analysis of ethnocentrism phenomenon, and the subject is presented by sociopolitical consequences of such ethnocentrism which leads to various displays of social alienation and opposition. The purpose of the article is to research the essence of the ethnocentrism possessing property of sociopolitical and psychological regulation. The realization of the given purpose assumes the decision of some problems: 1) identify the conditions predisposing to the emergence of ethnocentrism ideology; 2) consider the factors that actualize the attitudes of ethnocentric ideology. Research methodology: the article is based on the use of dialectical approach to the problem in question, methods of analysis and synthesis, systematicity, concreteness, comparison

ТИПЫ ДЕЙСТВИЯ НОРМ ПРАВА ВО ВРЕМЕНИ

Introduction: the article studies the typology of legal temporality. The changes, evolution, improvement of legal regulation of social relations objectively entail the problem of temporality of legal norms. Consequently, there arise issues of maximum protection for the participants in legal relations, of fair restoration of violated rights in a situation of legislative changes. Purpose: to describe the use of different types of law operation in time (prospective, retroactive, and ultra-active operation). Methods: the study was conducted on the basis of the general philosophical dialectical approach; a system of general scientific and special legal methods was used. The formal dogmatic method and the method of legal interpretation made it possible to clarify the content of the legislative rules on the operation of the law in time. The types of legal norms’ operation in time were identified as a result of combining the legal modeling method and a mental legal experiment. Results: the prospective and immediate effects of legal norms coincide in content and should be treated as identical. The application of the legal norms’ retroactivity is fundamentally different in the branches of public and private law. In private law relations, based on equality of participants, retroactivity of law does not apply to a new law improving the legal status of the legal relationship participants. Due to the absence of both doctrinal and law enforcement certainty regarding the understanding of the rights and obligations arising from, but later than, a relationship, the legislator should define as accurately as possible which rights and obligations fall under the ultra-active operation of an old law and which ones – under the prospective operation of a new law