Language Diagrams Research Articles

Model-based engineering for designing cyber-physical systems from product specifications

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are composed of independent and cooperative elements. Rapid adaptation to disturbances is an essential characteristic of CPS. One of the challenges in designing CPS is considering these specificities. Model-Based Engineering is a method for reducing complexity in system design. This paper presents a methodology for designing CPS and its control system using System Modeling Language (SysML) diagrams and IEC 61499 standard. The product's specifications are the starting point; the methodology focuses on what is produced before determining how to make it. The real-time control system is designed from high-level knowledge and tested software components on the plug and produce principle. Task-based structural analysis ensures the elements' synchronization to determine the system's general behavior.

Natural Language Processing for systems engineering: Automatic generation of Systems Modelling Language diagrams

The design of complex engineering systems is an often long and articulated process that highly relies on engineers’ expertise and professional judgment. As such, the typical pitfalls of activities involving the human factor often manifest themselves in terms of lack of completeness or exhaustiveness of the analysis, inconsistencies across design choices or documentation, as well as an implicit degree of subjectivity. An approach is proposed to assist systems engineers in the automatic generation of systems diagrams from unstructured natural language text. Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques are used to extract entities and their relationships from textual resources (e.g., specifications, manuals, technical reports, maintenance reports) available within an organisation, and convert them into Systems Modelling Language (SysML) diagrams, with particular focus on structure and requirement diagrams. The intention is to provide the users with a more standardised, comprehensive and automated starting point onto which subsequently refine and adapt the diagrams according to their needs. The proposed approach is flexible and open-domain. It consists of six steps which leverage open-access tools, and it leads to an automatic generation of SysML diagrams without intermediate modelling requirement, but through the specification of a set of parameters by the user. The applicability and benefits of the proposed approach are shown through six case studies having different textual sources as inputs, and benchmarked against manually defined diagram elements.

Haversine Formula to Find The Nearest PetShop

The population of cats and dogs is increasing, whether they are kept or not. The public's awareness to raise these animals needs to be supported by a business place for keeping and buying and selling pet food or a PetShop. People who keep animals often have difficulty (1) finding the nearest PetShop, (2) access to the location, (3) knowing what services are provided, even (4) knowing whether there is a willingness to consult animal care and make a consultation appointment. This study aims to bring together PetShop and the community in the care and maintenance of animals, especially cats and dogs in Bekasi City. The system development life cycle method used is WaterFall. The WaterFall method consists of 5 stages, namely: Communication, Planning, Modeling, Construction, and Deployment. On stage Contruction, the Haversine Formula is inserted to find the nearest PetShop and with the help of the Google Maps API, a route to the PetShop is determined from the application user. Unified Modeling language (UML) diagrams are used during the analysis and system design processes such as Use Case Diagrams, Activity Diagrams, Sequence Diagrams, Class Diagrams, Data Models, and User Interfaces. The result of this research is the ZuPet Web application which was built according to the Waterfall system development methodology, and the Haversine Formula has been inserted to optimize the search for the shortest route. The functionality of the application has been tested using the BlackBox Testing method. The application can be accessed at the address https://zupet.my.id.

Acehnese Traditional Clothing Recognition Prototype System Design Based On Augmented Reality

Acehnese traditional clothing is one of the cultural heritages in Indonesia. In today's modern era, the problem faced is the lack of media to introduce cultural heritage in Aceh. Therefore, a media was formed that could introduce Aceh's traditional clothing, namely Southeast Aceh. The press utilizes Augmented Reality (AR) technology so that users can add virtual objects to the natural environment that are easy to use. In this study, a system design using Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams has been carried out, including use case diagrams, activity diagrams, and sequence diagrams. This system is built using the C++ language using the Unity application and the vuforiaSDK platform. Then the test results were obtained on the Southeast Aceh traditional clothing recognition application. Namely, the minimum distance that can display 3d objects is a distance of 5 cm, and the maximum distance that can be detected is 80 cm. Based on the test results in the distance test table, the best distance obtained, which results in the detection of markers that are still clear and bright, is at a distance between 5 cm to 70 cm. Meanwhile, at a distance of more than 80 cm, the marker cannot detect markers to display 3D objects because the distance between the camera and the marker is too far. Likewise, with the angular slope, the minimum angle of inclination detected is an angle of 0°, while the maximum angle of inclination detected is an angle of 75°. Based on the test results on the angle slope table, the best angle is obtained, which results in detecting markers that are still clear and bright at a distance between 0-60°. After that, testing is also carried out based on the lighting, where if the light is too bright or too dark, the camera cannot detect the marker.

Design of A Real-Time Object Detection Prototype System with YOLOv3 (You Only Look Once)

Object detection is an activity that aims to gain an understanding of the classification, concept estimation, and location of objects in an image. As one of the fundamental computer vision problems, object detection can provide valuable information for the semantic understanding of images and videos and is associated with many applications, including image classification. Object detection has recently become one of the most exciting fields in computer vision. Detection of objects on this system using YOLOv3. The You Only Look Once (YOLO) method is one of the fastest and most accurate methods for object detection and is even capable of exceeding two times the capabilities of other algorithms. You Only Look Once, an object detection method, is very fast because a single neural network predicts bounded box and class probabilities directly from the whole image in an evaluation. In this study, the object under study is an object that is around the researcher (a random thing). System design using Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams, including use case diagrams, activity diagrams, and class diagrams. This system will be built using the python language. Python is a high-level programming language that can execute some multi-use instructions directly (interpretively) with the Object Oriented Programming method and also uses dynamic semantics to provide a level of syntax readability. As a high-level programming language, python can be learned easily because it has been equipped with automatic memory management, where the user must run through the Anaconda prompt and then continue using Jupyter Notebook. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy and performance of detecting random objects on YOLOv3. The result of object detection will display the name and bounding box with the percentage of accuracy. In this study, the system is also able to recognize objects when they object is stationary or moving.

Web-based statement of result verification system for Federal Polytechnic, Mubi

Over the years there has been a continuous request by Organizations Academic Institutions, Recruiters and Employers to verify graduated students' statements of results from Federal Polytechnic, Mubi. This occurs as a result of the delay in issuance of Certificates which are expected to be ready after three years of Student graduation as it is obtainable by other Institutions in the country. This issue is causing Organizations, Institutions and the Polytechnic time and resources over the years. This paper aims to design an online result verification system that will provide easy, fast and real-time verification of student Statements of the result. This system of verifying students' results will reduce the level of result forgery, ease the stress on the Polytechnic and reduce verification time which is done by physical document verification. The current system requires an employer or anybody concerned to send a representative to the Exams and Record Unit of the Polytechnic to verify a particular statement of result which takes a long time and is not cost-effective. This paper designed and implemented a proposed Web Base Statement of Result Verification System using Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), JavaScript, Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP), MySQL Database and Windows, Apache, MySQL, and PHP (WAMP) Server. Unified Modeling Language (UML) Diagrams and System Architecture were designed for the proposed system. The proposed system was designed to process student results with an embedded Quick Response (QR) code and a Result Verification Code (RVC) which will help organizations to verify students’ statements of results in real-time. This system could be integrated into an already existing institution's official portal.

Train management in freight shunting yards: Formalisation and literature review

This paper treats theoretical and practical aspects of train management in freight shunting yards. It is a literature survey extending the previous ones and presenting the new important papers published in the last decade. The operations realised in such yards are formalised by modelling them in unified modelling language diagrams and the algorithms implemented to solve the optimisation problems of operations management for the different types of freight shunting yards and for the existing models are presented. The details on real yards that can be found in the literature are also reported, to allow the reader understanding what case studies can be actually tackled with the existing methods.

UML Transformation to Java-based Software Product Lines

Software product line engineering (SPLE) is an emerging approach that enables variability management in software development. SPLE offers tremendous benefits, but lack of tool support becomes a barrier in the adoption of SPLE. Variability modules for Java (VMJ) is an implementation approach that is defined based on the variability modules (VM) concept to support SPLE. VMJ combines Java modules system and design patterns that are commonly used by software developers. VMJ is accompanied by a UML profile, called UML-VM profile, which extends UML notation to model variability in the UML diagram. UML-VM diagram is used to model the problem domain, and VMJ is used in the domain implementation. In this research, we design a model transformation from Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagram into VMJ. The transformation rules are defined based on the UML-VM profile and implemented in the Eclipse Acceleo model to text transformation. As a result, a UML diagram can be transformed automatically into Java-based software product lines. The transformation tool is evaluated using a case study by comparing the generated code and the actual implementation.

ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM INVENTARISASI ASET PADA PT. BANGUNINDO TEKNUSA JAYA

Asset inventory is an effort to collect data, record, report the results of asset data collection and then document it. PT. Bangunindo Teknusa Jaya is a technology company. Previously PT. Bangunindo Teknusa Jaya already has a website, but the website does not yet have a company asset inventory system. With the creation of an asset inventory system, it is hoped that this system can assist in recording asset loans and collecting company asset data. In making an asset inventory system, the method used is the Waterfall Method. The Waterfall Method has 5 steps: (1) Requirements, (2) Design, (3) Implementation, (4) Verification, and (5) Maintenance. Asset Inventory Information System PT. Bangunindo Teknusa Jaya is designed using Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams, namely Use Case Diagrams, Class Diagrams, and Activity Diagrams. The UML diagram of the asset inventory system uses StarUML tools, while the design of the asset inventory system uses MarvelApp. From the research that has been done, it produces a system that can help admins in saving time in data collection and transactions for borrowing company assets so that the admin's work becomes more effective and efficient.

Using systems thinking to increase understanding of the innovation system of healthcare organisations.

This paper applies systems thinking modelling to enhance the dynamic understanding of how to nurture an innovative culture in healthcare organisations to develop the innovation system in practice and speed up the innovative work. The model aims to provide a holistic view of a studied healthcare organisation's innovation processes, ranging from managerial values to its manifestation in improved results. The study is based on empirical material from a healthcare unit that, within a few years, changed from having no innovations to repeatedly generating innovations. The study uses the modelling language of causal loop diagrams (CLDs) in the system dynamics methodology to identify the key important aspects found in the empirical material. The proposed model, based on the stories of the interviewees, explores the dynamics of inertia when nurturing an innovative culture, identifying delays attributed to the internal change processes and system relationships. These findings underscored the need for perseverance when developing an innovative culture in the entrepreneurial phases. The approach of using systems thinking to make empirical healthcare research results more tangible through the visual notations of CLDs and mental simulations is believed to support exploring complex phenomena to induce and nurture both individual and organisational learning. The results from this approach provide deepened analysis and provoke the systems view to explain how the nurturing of the culture can accelerate the innovation processes, which helps practitioners and researchers to further expand their understanding of their healthcare contexts.

High-level axioms for graphical linear algebra

• We present useful symmetrical axioms for graphical linear algebra. • We use only the diagrammatic language and its associated reasoning principles. • We develop an approach to matrices, proving its equivalence to the classical one. We focus on a modular, graphical language—graphical linear algebra—and use it as high-level language for calculational reasoning. We propose a minimal framework of axioms that highlight the dualities and symmetries of linear algebra, and showcase the resulting diagrammatic calculus. Our work develops a relational approach to linear algebra, closely connected to classical relational algebra. With the symmetrical high-level axioms we are able to provide a fully diagrammatic proof that a fragment of Graphical Linear Algebra is equivalent to matrix algebra.

Early Warning System for Emergency Care: Designing a Timely Monitoring Mobile-Based System.

Early Warning Scores (EWSs) systems support the timely detection of patient deterioration and rapid response of the care team. Due to the mobility nature of healthcare settings, there has been a growing tendency to use mobile-based devices in these settings. This chapter aimed to design a mobile-based EWS application (app). This was a descriptive study to design the architecture of the proposed EWS app. The design of architecture was done using the Unified Modeling Language diagrams including a class diagram, use-case diagram, and activity diagram. We evaluated the architecture using the ARID scenario-based evaluation method. The proposed EWS application (app) was the integration of three EWSs, including NEWS2, PEWS, and MEOWS. The workflow of these EWSs systems was designed and integrated into a single app. Also, the static structure of the proposed EWS app was designed by class diagram and the behavioral structure was depicted by use-case and activity diagrams. The class diagram showed the system components and their relationships. However, the use-case diagram displayed the app's interaction with its environment, and the activity diagram illustrated how the EWS app processes were carried out. Evaluation results showed the possibility of designing the architecture for the proposed EWS app. In our app, the EWSs were designed in the clinician's workflow, and it was integrated with the patient's Electronic Health Record (EHR). These factors may lead to more use of EWSs. Considering the frequency of alerts represented to clinicians and the user-friendly design of the app, some suggestions can be considered by EWS systems developers in the future.

Specht property for the algebra of upper triangular matrices of size two with a Taft’s algebra action

AbstractLet F be a field of characteristic zero, and let $UT_2$ be the algebra of $2 \times 2$ upper triangular matrices over F. In a previous paper by Centrone and Yasumura, the authors give a description of the action of Taft’s algebras $H_m$ on $UT_2$ and its $H_m$ -identities. In this paper, we give a complete description of the space of multilinear $H_m$ -identities in the language of Young diagrams through the representation theory of the hyperoctahedral group. We finally prove that the variety of $H_m$ -module algebras generated by $UT_2$ has the Specht property, i.e., every $T^{H_m}$ -ideal containing the $H_m$ -identities of $UT_2$ is finitely based.

Automatic Liquid Filling Unit Using PLC

Abstract: An Automation is the utilization of different control techniques for operating equipment’s such as operations in factories, aircraft and other applications with reduced human power. The filling process is a mission performed by a machine that fills liquid products such as water or cold drinks. Traditional bottling method include placing bottles on a conveyor belt and filling only one bottle at a time. In this paper, it has been designed and implement water filling machine system for different types of bottles by using PLC. Where the water filling machine system includes design and implement prototype of a flat belt conveyor with dimensions (300*40) mm and automatic process for water filling machine using the water pump and sensors which gives the appropriate information to control unit then design the controller using PLC. The PLC plays important role to implement automatic filling process by using PLC programing software and ladder diagram language. It was found that the water filling machine using PLC is less operational cost and less power consumption than the traditional control systems, in addition more flexible and time saving Keyword: PLC, conveyor, DC motor, inductive sensor, water pump, Relay, etc,,

HIET Web-based digital repository for health informatics evaluation tools

PurposeEvaluating health information systems is an integral part of the life cycle and development of information systems as it can improve the quality of health care. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a bilingual Web-based repository of health-related software products evaluation tools.Design/methodology/approachThe present paper is an applied-developmental study that includes the stages of analysis, design, implementation and evaluation procedures. By searching valid databases as well as holding focus group meetings with a group of experts, the necessary elements for designing a Web-based repository were identified, and also unified modelling language diagrams were designed by using a visual paradigm. The coding(programming) was conducted based on the Gantlet Web Systems Development Framework at the next stage. Finally, after implementing and testing the system, the content was added to the repository, and then the repository was evaluated in terms of usability testing.FindingsThe health informatics evaluation tools (HIET) repository provides a functional and selective environment that facilitates the sharing, online storage and retrieval of assessment tools by the scientific community. The HIET repository is easily accessible at www.hiet.ir/ The website is implemented in structured query language (MySQL), personal homepage. Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) and Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP (LEMP) and supports all major browsers.Originality/valueThe HIET repository, as mentioned earlier, serves as an application environment for sharing, storing and online retrieving the assessment tools of health information systems. Therefore, this tool not only facilitates the search, retrieving and study of many evaluation-related papers, which are time-consuming and stressful for researchers and students but can lead to a faster and more scientific evaluation of information systems.

Web-Based Student Violation Monitoring Information System Design at SMK Gandasari

SMK Gandasari is one of the vocational high schools in Tangerang City. The purpose of the school authority is to improve student discipline related to increasing student discipline at school, namely by attendance in class or in attendance calls. Parents are still very concerned about the condition of the children at school, whether they really behave well or not, and parents cannot do direct monitoring but have to wait when the report cards are distributed. In monitoring violations, Gandasari Vocational School students still use paper media, namely by being recorded in a book, this makes information about student behavior slow to reach parents. To overcome this, a student monitoring information system is needed at the Gandasari Vocational School to communicate information to parents of students that are directly related to the condition of their students at school through computerized data processing using a web-based system. To analyze the problem data and the needs of a student monitoring information system using the waterfall method, with stages of needs analysis, design, code generation, system design with Unified Modeling Language (UML) Diagrams, programs and testing. The waterfall method has the main stages of the waterfall model that reflect basic development activities. There are 5 (five) stages in the Waterfall method, namely requirements analysis and definition, system and software design, implementation and unit testing, integration and system testing, and operation and maintenance. The result of this research is a website for student violation information systems as a solution to existing problems

Patient-Specific Cerebral Blood Flow Simulation Based on Commonly Available Clinical Datasets.

Cerebral hemodynamics play an important role in the development of cerebrovascular diseases. In this work, we propose a numerical framework for modeling patient-specific cerebral blood flow, using commonly available clinical datasets. Our hemodynamic model was developed using Simscape Fluids library in Simulink, based on a block diagram language. Medical imaging data obtained from computerized tomography angiography (CTA) in 59 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage was used to extract arterial geometry parameters. Flow information obtained from transcranial Doppler (TCD) measurement was employed to calibrate input parameters of the hemodynamic model. The results show that the proposed numerical model can reproduce blood flow in the circle of Willis (CoW) per patient per measurement set. The resistance at the distal end of each terminal branch was the predominant parameter for the flow distribution in the CoW. The proposed model may be a promising tool for assessing cerebral hemodynamics in patients with cerebrovascular disease.

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penerimaan Beasiswa Menggunakan Metode Weighted Product

This decision support system was created to assist the school in making decisions related to the problem of selecting scholarships for students who really deserve to get scholarships, where the process of selecting scholarships for underprivileged students is still done manually. From each prospective scholarship recipient will be selected based on criteria, these criteria consist of parents' occupations, parents' income, number of dependents of parents and the average value of report cards. The method used in the scholarship selection process is the WP method. The WP method or the Weighted Product method is one of the methods used in helping the decision-making process by multiplying, where each attribute rating will be raised to the power of each weight. After that, the final result of the calculation of the Weighted Product method will be a ranking process that will determine the chosen alternative in the process of determining scholarship acceptance. The purpose of this research is to assist the school in the process of selecting scholarships for underprivileged students. The design of this decision support system uses Unified Modeling Language diagrams and is built using the PHP programming language and MySQL database. The results of the calculations that have been carried out using the Weighted Product method, the results with the highest value are found in alternative A8 with a value of 0.2012 so that alternative A8 is the best alternative and can be used as a recommendation for prospective scholarship recipients

Design, implementation, and evaluation of an innovative intelligence information management system for premature infants.

IntroductionLow birth weight is the most important condition of neonatal community health and the main cause of neonates' mortality. Identifying the indexes associated with this condition, and factors to prevent, and managing related data can help reduce the birth of premature infants to reduce the mortality rate due to this condition. The goal of present study was to design, implement and evaluate an innovative intelligence information management system for premature infants.Material and methodThe present study was a multidisciplinary research that was done in 2019 to 2021 in four integrated phases in Iran. The first phase aimed to compare the current status of registration systems of premature infants through a systematic review and semi-structured interviews by using the Delphi model Then the minimum data set was determined and was designed a proposed model based on it. In the second phase, the structure and how the user interacts with the system were determined, and, using Microsoft Visio software, Unified Modeling Language diagrams were drawn to define the logical relationship of data. In the third phase, the system was developed, and finally in the last phase, in three methods, users' views on the usability of the system were evaluated.ResultsThe findings of this study included 233 essential data elements that were placed in two main groups of essential data, and the system was approved by end users for 87.73% consent and 67.19% satisfaction for SUMI (Software Usability Measurement Inventory) and 7.97 of 9 in QUIS questionnaire.ConclusionThis research's results can be beneficial and functional such as a complete sample for design and development of other systems concerned to health systems.

Identifying Difficulties of Software Modeling Through Class Diagrams: A Long-Term Comparative Analysis

Software modeling is a creative activity in which software components and their relationships are identified based on customer requirements. Based on the literature, object-oriented software modeling is based on four fundamental pillars which are abstraction, encapsulation, decomposition, and inheritance. However, despite the existence of guidelines and recommendations for implementing the object-oriented approach, novice software designers do not make good design decisions, leading to inefficient designs that cannot be modifiable, understandable, or user-friendly distribute at the development level. The literature reveals that the most common difficulties faced by software designers is a lack of understanding and confusion of concepts related to the object-oriented approach, as well as difficulties in creating Unified Modeling Language diagrams, especially class diagrams. The work presented in this article uses a qualitative and quantitative approach to determine, in a group of university students, what are the most recurrent difficulties and their persistence during the time. The qualitative case study is the method that allowed to generate the documents: <i>diagnostic</i> and <i>evaluation</i> tests. Additionally, a thematic analysis was used to identify, analyze and report patterns within the data. In order to know the occurrences of the problems in the case study, as part of our quantitative approach, a comparative study was applied to compare the results obtained between the diagnostic and evaluation tests and thus establish the similarities and differences among the cases observed, through the hierarchical clustering technique. The findings of this study show us 16 difficulties identified after the qualitative analysis, while the quantitative analysis shows us the number of occurrences and their persistence over time. The difficulties reported in both analyzes focus on these three difficulties: a) Definition of attributes that could be a class, b) Classes with inadequate or insufficient behavior and, c) Incorrect use of multiplicity between classes. Each of these difficulties is analyzed in depth in this study.