Purpose The purpose of this presentation is to provide answers to questions related to dose management of pregnant patients needing medical imaging such as ‘how safe are X-ray and nuclear medicine examinations during pregnancy?’, ‘How can we estimate conceptus radiation doses and risks associated with medical imaging?’, How can we avoid accidental irradiation of pregnant patients?’ Methods Methods for the estimation of conceptus dose from diagnostic X-ray, interventional and nuclear medicine examinations have been developed and will be described during this presentation. Advantages and limitations of these methods will be discussed during the presentation. Results Main actions for dose management of pregnant patients will be discussed during the presentation. The CoDE (Conceptus Dose Estimation) online software tool will be presented. CoDE allows a) calculation of conceptus radiation dose and associated risk from X-ray examinations performed on the expectant mother and b) anticipation of conceptus dose for the pregnant employee who participates in fluoroscopically-guided interventional procedures. CoDE is available free of charge (embryodose.med.uoc.gr). Conclusions The involvement of medical physicists is of paramount importance to ensure radiation protection of pregnant patients and their unborn children.