Diagnostic Terms Research Articles

Possibilities of a Hybrid Method for a Time-Scale-Frequency Analysis in the Aspect of Identifying Surface Topography Irregularities.

The article presents research results related to assessing the possibilities of applying modern filtration methods to diagnosing measurement signals. The Fourier transformation does not always provide full information about the signal. It is, therefore, appropriate to complement the methodology with a modern multiscale method: the wavelet transformation. A hybrid combination of two algorithms results in revealing additional signal components, which are invisible in the spectrum in the case of using only the harmonic analysis. The tests performed using both simulated signals and the measured roundness profiles of rollers in rolling bearings proved the advantages of using a complex approach. A combination of the Fourier and wavelet transformations resulted in the possibility to identify the components of the signal, which directly translates into better diagnostics. The tests fill a research gap in terms of complex diagnostics and assessment of profiles, which is very important from the standpoint of the precision industry.

Lupus pernio vs. lupic perniosis: A case report

Abstract Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that is difficult to diagnose due to the wide array of signs and symptoms it displays that may be associated to multiple clinical conditions, including perniosis (a rare inflammatory condition), lupus pernio (a manifestation of sarcoidosis), and lupus perniosis (a form of SLE), which can be easily mistaken. Case description: A 29-year-old Colombian mestizo woman with no family history of autoimmune, inflammatory or cutaneous diseases was diagnosed with SLE after ruling out several differential diagnoses. Although the patient presented with features of lupus pernioticus (lupus perniosis), it was established that she had lupus pernio, a type of sarcoidosis. The patient was given the indicated treatment, which led to an improvement in her quality of life. Conclusion: Based on the epidemiology, clinical history and histopathologic findings, it was possible to establish that the patient presented with lupus perniosis and not lupus pernio. In that regard, considering that these three conditions (perniosis, lupus pernio and lupic perniosis) can be easily confused, the present case highlights the importance of a thorough clinical evaluation and precise use of diagnostic terms, because these are three different conditions despite their similar names.

Augmenting DSM-5 diagnostic criteria with self-attention-based BiLSTM models for psychiatric diagnosis

BackgroundMost previous studies make psychiatric diagnoses based on diagnostic terms. In this study we sought to augment Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria with deep neural network models to make psychiatric diagnoses based on psychiatric notes. MethodsWe augmented DSM-5 diagnostic criteria with self-attention-based bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) models to identify schizophrenia, bipolar, and unipolar depressive disorders. Given that the diagnostic criteria for psychiatric diagnosis include a certain symptom profile and functional impairment, we first extracted psychiatric symptoms and functional features with two approaches, including a lexicon-based approach and a dependency parsing approach. Then, we incorporated free-text discharge notes and extracted features for psychiatric diagnoses with the proposed models. ResultsThe micro-averaged F1 scores of the two automatic annotation approaches were greater than 0.8. BiLSTM models with self-attention outperformed the rule-based models with DSM-5 criteria in the prediction of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, while the latter outperformed the former in predicting unipolar depressive disorder. Approaches for augmenting DSM-5 criteria with a self-attention-based BiLSTM outperformed both pure rule-based and pure deep neural network models. In terms of classification of psychiatric diagnoses, we observed that the performance for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder was acceptable. ConclusionThis DSM-5-augmented deep neural network models showed good performance in identifying psychiatric diagnoses from psychiatric notes. We conclude that it is possible to establish a model that consults clinical notes to make psychiatric diagnoses comparably to physicians. Further research will be extended to outpatient notes and other psychiatric disorders.

Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia (LIP) Revisited: A Critical Reappraisal of the Histologic Spectrum of "Radiologic" and "Pathologic" LIP in the Context of Diffuse Benign Lymphoid Proliferations of the Lung.

The use of lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP) as a diagnostic term has changed considerably since its introduction. Utilizing a multi-institutional collection of 201 cases from the last 20 years that demonstrate features associated with the LIP rubric, we compared cases meeting strict histologic criteria of LIP per American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) consensus ("pathologic LIP"; n=62) with cystic cases fulfilling radiologic ATS/ERS criteria ("radiologic LIP"; n=33) and with other diffuse benign lymphoid proliferations. "Pathologic LIP" was associated with immune dysregulation including autoimmune disorders and immune deficiency, whereas "radiologic LIP" was only seen with autoimmune disorders. No case of idiopathic LIP was found. On histology, "pathologic LIP" represented a subgroup of 70% (62/88) of cases with the distinctive pattern of diffuse expansile lymphoid infiltrates. In contrast, "radiologic LIP" demonstrated a broad spectrum of inflammatory patterns, airway-centered inflammation being most common (52%; 17/33). Only 5 cases with radiologic cysts also met consensus ATS/ERS criteria for "pathologic LIP." Overall, broad overlap was observed with the remaining study cases that failed to meet consensus criteria for "radiologic LIP" and/or "pathologic LIP." These data raise concerns about the practical use of the term LIP as currently defined. What radiologists and pathologist encounter as LIP differs remarkably, but neither "radiologic LIP" nor "pathologic LIP" present with sufficiently distinct findings to delineate such cases from other patterns of diffuse benign lymphoid proliferations. As a result of this study, we believe LIP should be abandoned as a pathologic and radiologic diagnosis.

Is oral lichen planus a potentially malignant disorder?: A critical appraisal; a commentary on the letter to the editor.

Is oral lichen planus a potentially malignant disorder?: A critical appraisal; a commentary on the letter to the editor.

Natural and synthetic nanovectors for cancer therapy.

Nanomaterials have been extensively studied in cancer therapy as vectors that may improve drug delivery. Such vectors not only bring numerous advantages such as stability, biocompatibility, and cellular uptake but have also been shown to overcome some cancer-related resistances. Nanocarrier can deliver the drug more precisely to the specific organ while improving its pharmacokinetics, thereby avoiding secondary adverse effects on the not target tissue. Between these nanovectors, diverse material types can be discerned, such as liposomes, dendrimers, carbon nanostructures, nanoparticles, nanowires, etc., each of which offers different opportunities for cancer therapy. In this review, a broad spectrum of nanovectors is analyzed for application in multimodal cancer therapy and diagnostics in terms of mode of action and pharmacokinetics. Advantages and inconveniences of promising nanovectors, including gold nanostructures, SPIONs, semiconducting quantum dots, various nanostructures, phospholipid-based liposomes, dendrimers, polymeric micelles, extracellular and exome vesicles are summarized. The article is concluded with a future outlook on this promising field.

The Threat of Commercial Hormone Kits to Endocrinology

Over the last decades, the market for commercial hormone kits has grown considerably. The kits are today used extensively in endocrine research and diagnostics. Unfortunately, a significant fraction of the kits are unreliable in both analytical and diagnostic terms. Consequently, the aim of the present article is to draw critical attention among endocrinologists to the reliability of commercial hormone kits. For that purpose, we have briefly reviewed the kit situation for four different hormones: The brain-gut hormone cholecystokinin (CCK); the antral hormone gastrin; the pancreatic hormone glucagon; and the cardiac natriuretic hormones. We conclude that the situation for the described peptide hormones probably shows only the tip of an iceberg. Therefore, we strongly recommend kit producers examine their products carefully with respect to the new endocrine biology and diagnostic reliability before the kits are marketed. Moreover, we also recommend quality regulation of the kit market in line with the regulations applied to the pharmaceutical drug market.

О некоторых ярких страницах в истории вестибулологии ХХ века (исторический обзор, дискуссионные вопросы) Часть IV. Нистагм и история его изучения. От визуальной оценки до электро- и видеонистагмографии

The article is devoted to the stages of studying nystagmus, the most valuable vestibular reaction in diagnostic terms. It tells about the development of methods for recording nystagmus, from visual assessment to objective methods: electro- and videonystagmography. The importance of excluding gaze fixation when assessing nystagmus is emphasized, which both of these methods provide. The author dwells separately on the works of remarkable scientists, vestibulologists, and researchers of nystagmus – the leader in the 1970s–1990s of the vestibular laboratory at the Leningrad Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose, and Speech, Professor Mikhail Levashov and the long-term head of the laboratory of clinical labyrinthology of the Belarusian Research Institute of Neurology, Professor Abram Sklyut.

Nursing students’ perception concerning distinguishing between nursing diagnoses terms according to nursing diagnoses textbook and common clinical terms

Objective: To identify nursing students’ perception level concerning distinguishing between nursing diagnoses terms according to nursing diagnoses textbook and common clinical terms at our institution. Methodology: This descriptive quantitative study was conducted from November 1, 2022 to April 20, 2022 at Al-Safwa University College/Nursing Department. The study instrument had two sections; component one dealt with the sample's demographics, including age, gender, and academic stage. The second section, which included 20 items, concerns with students' perceptions of how to discriminate between terms from the nursing diagnostic textbook and terms used in regular clinical settings. Seven subject-matter experts were consulted regarding the validity of the instrument. There was 0.65 dependability. SPSS version 23 was used for the data analysis. Results: We found that 39.35% students correctly identified the difference between common clinical terminology and nursing diagnoses, whereas 57.85% gave incorrect response. Conclusion: Nurses’ students’ perception level about textbook diagnoses terms was poor.

Patients With Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Frequently Misdiagnosed, Face Multiple Challenges

Patients With Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Frequently Misdiagnosed, Face Multiple Challenges

A 20-year review comparing the use of ‘schizophrenia’ and ‘psychosis’ in UK newspapers from 2000 to 2019: Implications for stigma reduction

BackgroundThere have been increasing calls for schizophrenia to be renamed to reduce negative associations with the diagnosis. ‘Psychosis’ is one proposed alternative, yet some research suggests this has greater negative connotations. This study compared the use of both terms within UK newspapers longitudinally to assess which is more negatively portrayed in the media. Study designUsing LexisLibrary News, six UK newspaper archives were searched for the terms ‘schizophrenia’ and ‘psychosis’ in articles published between 2000 and 2019; the included article total was n = 9802. Articles were analysed using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software. Study resultsA two-level multilevel model was created of newspaper articles nested within newspapers. Adding predictors revealed that diagnostic term was a significant predictor of the emotional tone of articles (β = −2.30, SE = 0.51, p < .001, 95 % CI −3.30 to −1.30), with ‘psychosis’ having a more negative tone than ‘schizophrenia.’ Tabloids were shown to have a significantly more negative tone than broadsheets (β = −9.32, SE = 1.04, p < .001, 95 % CI −11.36 to −7.28), and emotional tone of writing had become more negative over time (β = −0.26, SE = 0.04, p < .001, 95 % CI −0.34 to −0.18). ConclusionsThese findings suggest ‘psychosis’ is associated with greater negativity than ‘schizophrenia’ within UK newspapers, and may be a poor substitute term to reduce stigma. As article tone worsened for both diagnoses over time, increased stigma reduction campaigns are required to target negativity within the media.

The scientific integrity of ADHD: A critical examination of the underpinning theoretical constructs.

Prior to the establishment and promotion of ADHD as a psychiatric disorder, the labels "minimal brain dysfunction" (MBD), "hyperactivity" (HA), and "learning disability" (LD) were diagnostic terms for children with hard-to-manage behaviors. At the time, these labels and the treatment interventions, especially the heavy reliance on stimulant medications, were subject to criticism. Nearly half a century later, these criticisms apply equally to ADHD, suggesting a disturbing lack of progress in this area of child psychiatry. Therefore, the aim of this article is to examine the scientific integrity of ADHD, to establish why this is the case. I use a philosophy of science framework to track the initial thinking, the plausibility, and the acceptance of ADHD. I establish that ADHD, along with the evolving biomedical model for psychiatry, was accepted in the third edition of the American Psychiatric Association's (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-III) as the result of bias and compromise between theorists' of different persuasions. Although initial ideas are expected to be subjective, they also need to demonstrate plausibility prior to empirical investigation. Research from the disciplines of biological psychiatry and cognitive psychology influenced the creation of ADHD, so I critically examine specific ideas that underpinned these disciplines at that time. I find these to be implausible and not congruent with current scientific knowledge, this extends to more recent theory. I conclude there is little good reason to consider DSM-III's concept of ADHD as empirically confirmed, nor do I find good reason to expect such confirmation will be forthcoming.

ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛИЗАЦИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ СТРОИТЕЛЬНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКОЙ ЭКСПЕРТИЗЫ

Examination of the technical condition of capital construction objects is a key task for management companies, organizations that ensure the proper functioning of objects and executive authorities - the balance holders of most of the social infrastructure of cities. The boundary state of an object, corresponding to critical changes in the structure forming the contour of its structural safety and functional reliability, is detected and diagnosed by a number of external signs (defects), the quantitative assessment and qualitative interpretation of which determine both the general results of the object examination and specific structural and technological measures to ensure its continued safe operation. Associated with a large number of field and desk studies conducted in conditions that adversely affect the quality of the result, organizational difficulties in archiving, documenting and dynamic analysis of the identified defects in buildings make the examination process expensive, inefficient and irrational in the overall content balance of the object. An effective and promising solution to the problem of reducing the resource intensity of the production of examinations of buildings in terms of diagnostics and defects and the formation of the foundations for further advising analytics, which greatly simplifies the choice of the best and economically rational management decisions in the technical operation of buildings, is proposed on the basis of the introduction of elements of neural network analysis and information modeling into expert activities. . The authors propose separate provisions for the intellectualization of building flaw detection, which are implemented and tested at the objects of ongoing construction and technical expertise in the region

Do Patient Delay and Diagnostic Delay Influence Long Term Survival in Patients with Gastric Cancer?

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies, with an aggressive evolution and a poor long-term prognosis. No screening program is available in Europe for this pathology; therefore, the delay from the appearance of the first symptom until the initiation of treatment might influence the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. We aimed to investigate the impact on the prognosis of the delay in the presentation and diagnosis in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Our study is a retrospective, single-center, observational cohort study, based on patients diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma and operated in our institution between 2013 and 2021. We have defined patient delay as the time from the onset of symptoms to the first encounter with a health care provider and diagnosis delay as the time from the first consultation with a health care provider to the establishment of the final diagnosis. A total of 671 patients were included in our study. The survival rate at 5 years was 55% for the patients operated with curative intent and 7.4% for the patients operated with palliative intent. Patient delay and diagnosis delay were not correlated with the overall survival. A lower survival was observed for patients admitted through transfer (p<0.001) or the emergency department (p<0.001). No statistically significant relationship was identified between patient delay or diagnosis delay and the age, gender or area of origin of patients. Patients that experienced melena or hematemesis had a shorter patient delay, with a highly significant statistical relationship (p<0.01). Patients that experienced nausea, epigastric pain, palpable epigastric tumor mass or anorexia also had a highly significant statistical relationship between the symptoms and the patient delay interval. The overall survival is not influenced by the patient delay or diagnosis delay. An earlier presentation was correlated with some specific exhibited symptoms: upper gastro-intestinal bleeding, abdominal pain, palpable epigastric tumor, nausea.

LATE-NC staging in routine neuropathologic diagnosis: an update

An international consensus report in 2019 recommended a classification system for limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic changes (LATE-NC). The suggested neuropathologic staging system and nomenclature have proven useful for autopsy practice and dementia research. However, some issues remain unresolved, such as cases with unusual features that do not fit with current diagnostic categories. The goal of this report is to update the neuropathologic criteria for the diagnosis and staging of LATE-NC, based primarily on published data. We provide practical suggestions about how to integrate available genetic information and comorbid pathologies [e.g., Alzheimer’s disease neuropathologic changes (ADNC) and Lewy body disease]. We also describe recent research findings that have enabled more precise guidance on how to differentiate LATE-NC from other subtypes of TDP-43 pathology [e.g., frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)], and how to render diagnoses in unusual situations in which TDP-43 pathology does not follow the staging scheme proposed in 2019. Specific recommendations are also made on when not to apply this diagnostic term based on current knowledge. Neuroanatomical regions of interest in LATE-NC are described in detail and the implications for TDP-43 immunohistochemical results are specified more precisely. We also highlight questions that remain unresolved and areas needing additional study. In summary, the current work lays out a number of recommendations to improve the precision of LATE-NC staging based on published reports and diagnostic experience.

LSDV126 gene based molecular assays for specific detection and characterization of emerging Lumpy Skin Disease virus

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a highly infectious and economically important viral disease, which is currently emerging in the Indian subcontinent. LSD is caused by Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV) under the genus Capripoxvirus and the family Poxviridae. Since its first incursion in India in the year 2019, the virus is rapidly disseminating through different means like direct contact, fomites and mainly by blood-feeding insects. As the disease has never been reported from India or neighbouring countries, there is a lack of planning and preparatory measures in terms of diagnostics and vaccines to control the disease. In the absence of any homologous vaccine, a live attenuated heterologous goat pox vaccine (Uttarkashi strain) is now being widely used in the country for the prevention of LSDV infection. Use of live attenuated goat pox virus vaccine necessitates the availability of an assay which could specifically detect and differentiate LSDV from goat pox virus. In this study, nucleotide sequences of LSDV126 gene encoding extracellular enveloped virus protein of circulating LSDV and goat pox virus were determined and analyzed. Deletion of 27 nt tandem repeats was observed in LSDV in comparison to goat pox and LSDV vaccine viruses. The deletion region was targeted for designing primers specific to LSDV, but not goat pox virus. A novel isothermal polymerase spiral reaction (PSR) was optimized as pen side diagnostic for prompt and sensitive detection of genomic DNA of LSDV. The assay was found to be highly sensitive and specific when compared to the real-time PCR. The assay was found to be specifically detecting only LSDV but not the goat pox virus. The limit of detection was identified as 9 × 10−6 ng of positive DNA. The assay will provide a point of care tool that will be a boon for the successful control of LSD in India.

New digital confocal laser microscopy may boost real-time evaluation of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) from solid pancreatic lesions: Data from an international multicenter study

Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy and a leading cause of cancer death worldwide; its lethality is partly linked to the difficulty of early diagnosis. Modern devices for endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) were recently developed to improve targeting and sampling of small lesions, but innovative technologies for microscopic assessment are still lacking. Exvivo fluorescence confocal laser microscopy (FCM) is a new digital tool for real-time microscopic assessment of fresh unfixed biological specimens, avoiding conventional histological slide preparation and potentially being highly appealing for EUS-FNB specimens. This study evaluated the possible role of FCM for immediate evaluation of pancreatic specimens from EUS-FNB. It involved comparison of the interobserver agreement between the new method and standard histological analysis during international multicenter sharing of digital images. Digital images from 25 cases of EUS-FNB obtained with real-time FCM technology and 25 paired digital whole-slide images from permanent conventional paraffin sections were observed by 10 pathologists from different Institutions in Europe, Japan, and the United States, in a blinded manner. The study evaluated 500 observations regarding adequacy, morphological clues, diagnostic categories, and final diagnosis. Statistical analysis showed substantial equivalence in the interobserver agreement among pathologists using the two techniques. There was also good inter-test agreement in determining sample adequacy and when assigning a diagnostic category. Among morphological features, nuclear enlargement was the most reproducible clue, with very good inter-test agreement. Findings in this study are from international multicenter digital sharing and are published here for the first time. Considering the advantages of FCM digital diagnostics in terms of reduced time and unaltered sample maintenance, the exvivo confocal laser microscopy may effectively improve traditional EUS-FNB diagnostics, with significant implications for planning modern diagnostic workflow for pancreatic tumors. This study was not supported by any funding source.

Particles in the Eluate from Double Filtration Plasmapheresis—A Case Study Using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (FE-SEM/EDX)

Unwanted substances can be effectively removed from the blood using double-filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP). In our case study, we used field emission scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (FE-SEM-EDX) to examine if the eluate obtained by a specific type of DFPP (INUSpheresis with a TKM58 filter) contains nano- and microparticles and what chemical composition these particles have. We identified micro- and nanoparticles of various sizes and chemical composition, including microparticles high in the concentration of calcium, iron, silicon, aluminium and titanium. Furthermore, thread-like objects were identified. We discuss the possible origin of the particles and objects, their pathophysiological relevance and the potential of FE-SEM-EDX analysis of the eluate in terms of diagnostics and therapy for environmental medicine applications on patients.

Analysis of Parkinson's Disease Using an Imbalanced-Speech Dataset by Employing Decision Tree Ensemble Methods.

Parkinson's disease (PD) currently affects approximately 10 million people worldwide. The detection of PD positive subjects is vital in terms of disease prognostics, diagnostics, management and treatment. Different types of early symptoms, such as speech impairment and changes in writing, are associated with Parkinson disease. To classify potential patients of PD, many researchers used machine learning algorithms in various datasets related to this disease. In our research, we study the dataset of the PD vocal impairment feature, which is an imbalanced dataset. We propose comparative performance evaluation using various decision tree ensemble methods, with or without oversampling techniques. In addition, we compare the performance of classifiers with different sizes of ensembles and various ratios of the minority class and the majority class with oversampling and undersampling. Finally, we combine feature selection with best-performing ensemble classifiers. The result shows that AdaBoost, random forest, and decision tree developed for the RUSBoost imbalanced dataset perform well in performance metrics such as precision, recall, F1-score, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and the geometric mean. Further, feature selection methods, namely lasso and information gain, were used to screen the 10 best features using the best ensemble classifiers. AdaBoost with information gain feature selection method is the best performing ensemble method with an F1-score of 0.903.

Mass-resolved ion measurement by particle counting analysis for characterizing relativistic ion beams driven by lasers.

Particle counting analysis is a possible way to characterize GeV-scale, multi-species ions produced in laser-driven experiments. We present a multi-layered scintillation detector to differentiate multi-species ions of different masses and energies. The proposed detector concept offers potential advantages over conventional diagnostics in terms of (1) high sensitivity to GeV ions, (2) realtime analysis, and (3) the ability to differentiate ions with the same charge-to-mass ratio. A novel choice of multiple scintillators with different ion stopping powers results in a significant difference in energy deposition between the scintillators, allowing accurate particle identification in the GeV range. Here, we report a successful demonstration of particle identification for heavy ions, performed at the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba. In the experiment, the proposed detector setup showed the ability to differentiate particles with similar atomic numbers, such as C6+ and O8+ ions, and provided an excellent energy resolution of 0.41%-1.2% (including relativistic effect, 0.51%--1.6%).