Diagnostic Components Of Metabolic Syndrome Research Articles

Correlation of Diagnostic Components of Metabolic Syndrome with Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Alterations in Patients with Obesity

Correlation of Diagnostic Components of Metabolic Syndrome with Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Alterations in Patients with Obesity

Future risk of metabolic syndrome after recurrent pregnancy loss: a cohort study using UK Biobank

To evaluate the risk of metabolic syndrome (MS) after recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) using UK Biobank data. A history of pregnancy loss is associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases in the future. However, the association between RPL and subsequent MS is poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to check the risk of MS after RPL. The study population was divided into 2 groups according to reproductive history: women with a history of RPL and women without a history of RPL. Recurrent pregnancy loss was defined as 2 or more spontaneous miscarriages, and MS was defined as at least 3 of the following: abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, high-blood pressure, and hyperglycemia. UK Biobank resource. The UK Biobank is a prospective cohort study that enrolled individuals aged between 40 and 69 years whose medical and reproductive histories were retrieved at enrollment. In this cohort, only women with a history of at least one pregnancy were selected. Recurrent pregnancy loss. The primary outcome was the prevalence of MS. The secondary outcomes were 5 diagnostic components of MS. We analyzed 228,674 women, including 15,702 with a history of RPL and 212,972 without a history of RPL. Women with a history of RPL have a higher prevalence of MS between the ages of 40 and 60 years (33.0% vs. 31.5%). After adjusting for covariates (age, race, number of live births, early menopause, smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity), the increased risk of MS after RPL remained significant (adjusted odds ratio, 1.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.15). Furthermore, in the analysis of the 5 diagnostic components of MS, a history of RPL significantly increased the risk of abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and hyperglycemia. Middle-aged women with a history of RPL have an increased risk of MS.

Correlation between Liver Stiffness by Two-Dimensional Shear Wave Elastography and Waist Circumference in Japanese Local Citizens with Abdominal Obesity.

Background: Various factors other than fibrosis could affect liver stiffness (LS), measured by two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE). We aimed to clarify the factors affecting LS in local citizens. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study among local citizens of a health checkup program. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference ≥85 cm for men and ≥90 cm for women. We evaluated the correlation between LS by 2D-SWE (Aplio 500) and waist circumference with linear regression analyses. We selected the following items as variables in the multivariate analysis: waist circumference, sex, hypertension, diabetes, diagnostic components of metabolic syndrome, γ−glutamyl transpeptidase, total bilirubin, NAFLD fibrosis score, and an indicator of a fatty liver, evaluated ultrasonographically. Results: Overall, 345 individuals were included; 318 (181 men and 137 women; age, 63.4 years; waist circumference, 84.0 cm; LS, 5.79 kPa) were analyzed, 128 of whom had abdominal obesity and significantly higher LS than non-abdominally obese individuals. In the multivariate analysis, waist circumference was positively, independently, and significantly correlated with LS only in abdominally obese individuals. Conclusions: Liver stiffness by 2D-SWE could increase with increases in waist circumference in local citizens with abdominal obesity. Physicians should pay attention when assessing the LS of abdominally obese individuals.

청소년의 대사증후군 진단개수에 따른 영향요인 분석 ; 국민건강영양조사(2016) 자료 이용

청소년의 대사증후군 진단개수에 따른 영향요인 분석 ; 국민건강영양조사(2016) 자료 이용

Association between high-fasting insulin levels and metabolic syndrome in non-diabetic middle-aged and elderly populations: a community-based study in Taiwan

ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the association between fasting insulin (FI) levels and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in non-diabetic middle-aged and elderly adults in a community in Taiwan.DesignCross-sectional observational study.SettingCommunity-based investigation in...

Impact of the Visceral Fat Area Measured by Dual Impedance Method on the Diagnostic Components of Metabolic Diseases in a Middle-aged Japanese Population.

Objective The aim of this study was to examine the associations between the visceral fat area (VFA) and the subcutaneous fat area (SFA) as estimated by the dual impedance method with a body composition monitor (BCM) and the diagnostic components of metabolic syndrome in a middle-aged Japanese population. Methods The subjects included 303 men (average age 51.3±9.0 years old) and 345 women (average age 40.0±9.4 years old). The VFA and SFA were estimated by BCM, and the associations among the components of metabolic syndrome (waist circumference, blood pressure and related blood sample tests) were evaluated. Results VFA showed positive correlations with waist circumference, HbA1c, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)/low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglyceride and uric acid level in men, while showing positive correlations with waist circumference, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride and HbA1c in women. The estimated SFA showed positive correlations with systolic blood pressure, HDL/LDL cholesterol and triglyceride in men, and HDL cholesterol and triglyceride in women. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed the estimated VFA to be as effective as WC to identify subject with metabolic syndrome. Conclusion By estimating the VFA using BCM, it may be possible to identify patients at risk of developing metabolic syndrome and hyperuricemia.

Thrombospondin 1 as a novel biological marker of obesity and metabolic syndrome

ContextThrombospondin 1 (THBS1 or TSP-1) is an adipose-derived matricellular protein, which has recently been highlighted as a potential mediator of insulin resistance and adipose inflammation in obesity. ObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to determine the clinical significance of THBS1 as a novel biological marker of visceral obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. MethodsThe THBS1 mRNA level was quantified with real-time PCR in human adipose tissues obtained from 16 non-obese subjects. The relationships between serum THBS1 level and obesity/diabetes traits as well as the diagnostic components of metabolic syndrome were assessed in 164 normal-weight or overweight/obese subjects (78 males and 86 females; mean age, 50.4; mean BMI, 29.8) with analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and regression analyses. ResultsTHBS1 was predominantly expressed in visceral adipose tissues relative to subcutaneous adipose tissues (P<0.001). The visceral THBS1 expression was positively associated with the body mass index (BMI; γs=0.54, P=0.033). ANCOVA demonstrated that the THBS1 level is associated with abdominal obesity (P<0.001), hyperglycemia (P=0.02), and hypertension (P=0.04). Multivariable regression analysis suggested an association between serum THBS1 and fasting plasma glucose levels. The associations between serum THBS1 levels and obesity/diabetes traits were found preferentially in women (BMI, γs=0.30, P=0.05; FPG, γs=0.26, P=0.016). Subanalyses demonstrated that the association with obesity traits was predominantly found in premenopausal women (BMI, γs=0.41, P=0.007), whereas the association with diabetes traits was predominant in postmenopausal women (HbA1c, γs=0.38, P=0.01). During medical weight reduction treatment, the change in the serum THBS1 level was associated with the change in BMI and HbA1c in pre- and postmenopausal women, respectively. ConclusionsSerum THBS1 is a useful biological marker of obesity and metabolic syndrome in Japanese subjects, particularly in women. THBS1 may act as a critical circulating factor that couples obesity with metabolic syndrome and diabetes in humans.

Self-awareness of fast eating and its impact on diagnostic components of metabolic syndrome among middle-aged Japanese males and females.

The aim of the present study was to examine the association between subjects with self-awareness of fast eating and diagnostic components of metabolic syndrome in Japanese middle-aged male and female. Subjects consisted of 3208 males (average age 50.6 years) and 2055 females (average age 50.0 years). Associations between subjects with self-awareness of fast eating and multiple components of metabolic syndrome (waist circumference, body mass index [BMI], blood pressure, and related blood sample tests) were evaluated. Significantly more males (57.7%) acknowledged themselves as "fast eater" than females (46.5%). Self-reported fast eaters showed significantly elevated body weight, BMI, and waist circumference in both genders. However, only male self-reported fast eaters showed high levels of blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, uric acid, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol. Fast eating is associated with diagnostic components of metabolic syndrome. The effect of acknowledging themselves as fast eater presents a higher impact on males than on females in the middle-aged Japanese population. The present study indicates that finding subjects with self-awareness of fast eating may lead to the prevention of developing metabolic syndrome.

Relationship Between Shift Work and Clustering of the Metabolic Syndrome Diagnostic Components

To examine the relationship between the type of work and the number of metabolic syndrome diagnostic components(MetS-DC), as well as the risk of MetS, with adjustment for lifestyle habits in Japanese workers. We examined the baseline data from 4,427 participants(81.4% male) aged 19 to 69 years old. The physical activity of each participant was classified according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire(IPAQ). We defined the four MetS-DC in this study as follows: 1) high blood pressure(BP): systolic BP ≥130 mmHg, or diastolic BP ≥85 mmHg, or the use of antihypertensive drugs; 2) dyslipidemia: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration ＜40 mg/dl or triglyceride concentration ≥150 mg/dl, or on medication for dyslipidemia; 3) dysglycemia: fasting blood sugar level ≥110 mg/dl, or if less than eight hours after meals ≥140mg/dl, or on medication for diabetes mellitus; 4) overweight: a body mass index ≥25kg/m(2). We defined MetS as overweight plus two or more of the MetS-DC. There were 3,094 subjects in the daytime work group, 73 in the fixed nighttime work group, 1,017 in the shift work group and 243 in the day-to-night work group. The Poisson regression analysis revealed that fixed nighttime (regression coefficient [b]=-0.233, P=0.028) and shift work (b=0.098, P=0.034) independently contributed to the number of MetS-DC, compared to daytime work. The multivariate logistic analysis not including sleep hours in the model showed that shift work was positively related to MetS (odd ratio=1.47, P＜0.01). Shift work were significantly associated with the number of MetS-DC, and was related to risk of MetS compared to daytime work.

Relationship between Manganese and Copper Intakes and Metabolic Syndrome Diagnostic Components in Korean adults

Recent studies have suggested that micronutrients such as magnesium, manganese and copper etc. have beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome (MetS)‐related disorders. The objective of this study was to evaluate among magnesium, manganese and copper intakes, and investigate the relation with risk of MetS among Korean adults using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2007–2008. A total of 3,103 adults (male: 1,140, female: 1,963) who aged 19–49 years were included in the analysis. MetS was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria with a modified waist circumference cutoff (male ≥90cm; female ≥85cm). In females, subjects with high glucose had lower manganese intake than those without such abnormalities (p=0.0366). Also, among male subjects, the OR of MetS in the subjects in the highest copper intake quartile were 0.91 (95% CI: 0.46–1.80) times lower than those in the lowest quartile after adjusting for age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity and energy intake (p for trend=0.0316). However, no associations were observed between magnesium intake and MetS incidence in our subjects. These finding suggest that copper and manganese intakes may be associated with a decreased risk for MetS in the general Korean adults.

Dietary Isoflavone Intake, Urinary Isoflavone Level, and Their Relationship with Metabolic Syndrome Diagnostic Components in Korean Postmenopausal Women

Recent studies have suggested that natural agents such as isoflavones, resveratrol, and anthocyanin have beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome-related disorders. The objective of this study was to evaluate dietary isoflavone intake, urinary isoflavone level, and their relationship with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Korean postmenopausal women. The subjects included 46 MetS and 60 controls. The MetS risk score was determined by adding the number of risk factors such as waist circumference, blood pressure (BP) and levels of triglyceride (TG), HDL-cholesterol, and glucose. Dietary isoflavone intake was not significantly different between the MetS and control groups; however, the urinary daidzein level was significantly higher in the MetS subjects compared to that of the controls. Subjects with high TG had higher urinary daidzein and isoflavone (daidzein + genistein) levels than those without such abnormalities. But, the MetS risk score showed no significant correlation with urinary daidzein, genistein, and isoflavone excretions.

Relationship between isoflavone intake and metabolic syndrome diagnostic components in Korean postmenopausal women

Recent studies have suggested that natural agents such as isoflavones, resveratrol, and anthocyanin have beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome (MetS)‐related disorders. The objective of this study was to evaluate among isoflavone intake, urinary isoflavone level, and the risk of MetS among Korean postmenopausal women. The subjects included 46 MetS and control (n=60). The MetS risk score was determined by adding the number of risk factors such as waist circumference and high levels of triglyceride (TG), HDL‐cholesterol, glucose, and blood pressure (BP). Dietary isoflavone intake was not significantly different between MetS and control groups; however, the urinary daidzein level was significantly higher in MetS subjects compared to that of the controls. Subjects with high TG had higher urinary daidzein and isoflavone levels than those without such abnormalities. The correlation analysis indicated that dietary isoflavone intake had a positive relation with energy intake. After adjusted energy intake, there was no significant relationship among isoflavone intake, metabolic syndrome, and its components in Korean postmenopausal women. These results indicate that women who have more dietary isoflavones tend to have more energy. Furthermore, this study shows no significant direct relationship between isoflavone intake and risk of MetS in Korean postmenopausal women.

Relationship between health-related quality of life and clustering of metabolic syndrome diagnostic components

To examine the association of the number of metabolic syndrome diagnostic components (MetS-DC) with health-related quality of life (HR-QOL). We examined the baseline data from 4,480 healthy workers in Japan (3,668 men and 812 women) aged 19-69 years. We assessed HR-QOL based on scores for five scales of the SF-36. We defined four components for MetS in this study as follows: (1) high blood pressure (BP); (2) dyslipidemia; (3) impaired glucose tolerance; and (4) overweight: a body mass index ≥25 kg/m(2). Logistic regression analysis adjusted for lifestyle factors was used to examine the association of the number of MetS-DC with the HR-QOL sub-scales. Those who had 0-4 MetS-DC accounted for 2,287, 1,135, 722, 282, and 54 participants. The number of MetS-DC inversely contributed significantly to General Health (norm-based scoring >50) (odd ratios [OR] 0.59-0.82, P < 0.05) and positively associated with Mental Health (OR 1.37, P < 0.05). When adjusted for lifestyle factors, the number of MetS-DC was inversely associated with General Health and positively with Mental Health in men and women.

Relationship Between Serum Calcium and Magnesium Concentrations and Metabolic Syndrome Diagnostic Components in Middle-Aged Korean Men

It is thought that calcium and magnesium may be related to metabolic disorders such as obesity and metabolic syndrome; however, to date, there have been few studies investigating the association between serum calcium and magnesium levels and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged male adults. We aimed to investigate the association between serum calcium and magnesium levels and metabolic syndrome in Korean middle-aged male adults. Study subjects included 213 men aged 30∼60years. MetS risk score is determined by adding the number of risk factors, waist circumference, triacylglyceride (TG), HDL cholesterol, glucose, and blood pressure (BP). The study population was divided into three groups according to the MetS risk score: group I (MetS risk score ≤1; n = 106), group II (MetS risk score = 2; n = 51), and group III (MetS risk score ≥3; n = 56). The serum Ca, according to increase of MetS risk score, was significantly higher (p < 0.001), and there was no significant difference in serum Mg concentration among the three groups. Subjects with high TG and high BP had higher serum calcium levels than those without such abnormalities. Subjects with higher glucose had lower serum magnesium levels than those without such abnormality. The correlation analysis indicated that the serum Ca had positive correlations with the MetS risk score (r = 0.1769, p < 0.01), serum TG (r = 0.2516, p < 0.001), and DBP (r = 0.2246, p < 0.01). The correlation analysis indicated that the serum Mg had an inverse relationship with serum glucose (r = -0.2404, p < 0.001). In conclusion, serum Ca had positive association with TG and BP, while serum Mg had negative association with serum glucose after adjusting age and BMI among the middle-aged Korean male adults.

Relationship between sleep duration and clustering of metabolic syndrome diagnostic components

Objective:To examine the relation between sleep duration and metabolic syndrome (MetS).Methods:We examined the baseline data from 4356 healthy workers (3556 men and 800 women) aged 19–69 years. The physical activity of each participant was classified according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). We defined four components of MetS diagnostic components in this study as follows: 1) high blood pressure (BP) systolic BP [SBP] ≥ 130 mmHg, or diastolic BP [DBP] ≥ 85 mmHg, or on medication; 2) dyslipidemia (high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration <40 mg/dL, or triglycerides concentration ≥150 mg/dL, or on medication; 3) impaired glucose tolerance (fasting blood sugar concentration ≥ 110 mg/dL, or if less than 8 hours after meals ≥ 140 mg/dL), or on medication; and 4) overweight (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25 kg/m2), or obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). There were 680 participants in the group, with sleep duration <6 hours (15.6%).Results:Those who had 0–4 MetS diagnostic components, including overweight, accounted for 2159, 1222, 674, 255, and 46 participants, respectively, in the Poisson distribution. Poisson regression analysis revealed that independent factors that contributed to the number of MetS diagnostic components were being male (regression coefficient b = 0.752, P < 0.001), age (b = 0.026, P < 0.001), IPAQ classification (b = −0.238, P = 0.034), and alcohol intake (mL/day) (b = 0.018, P < 0.001). Short sleep duration (<6 hours) was also related to the number of MetS (b = 0.162, P < 0.001). The results of analyses with obesity component showed a similar association.Conclusion:Short sleep duration was positively associated with the number of MetS diagnostic components independent of other lifestyle habits.

Metabolic Syndrome Is a Risk Factor for Acute Cerebral Infarction in a Younger Elderly Kurashiki Population

This study evaluated the association between metabolic syndrome as defined by Japanese criteria and its diagnostic components (visceral obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and impaired glucose tolerance) and acute cerebral infarction in younger elderly (age 50-74 years) and the older elderly (age ≥75 years) persons living in the Japanese city of Kurashiki. We studied 73 patients aged ≥50 years (44 of them aged ≥75 years) admitted to our hospital with acute cerebral infarction and 323 control subjects aged ≥50 years (52 aged ≥75 years) who underwent medical checkup of the brain in our hospital. Types of cerebral infarction included atherothrombotic (27 patients), lacunar (24 patients), cardioembolic (19 patients), and other types (3 patients). Metabolic syndrome was defined based on the Japanese criteria. In multiple logistic regression analysis, among the 29 younger elderly patients aged 50-74 years, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and impaired glucose tolerance as diagnostic components of metabolic syndrome, and metabolic syndrome itself were significantly related to acute cerebral infarction (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 5.664, 4.869, 3.390, and 3.214, respectively). Among the 44 older elderly patients aged ≥75 years, dyslipidemia was significantly related to acute cerebral infarction (OR, 4.193). However, metabolic syndrome was not a significant risk factor for acute cerebral infarction, even when patients with cardioembolic and other types of infarction were excluded. These data suggest that metabolic syndrome as defined by Japanese criteria is an independent risk factor for acute cerebral infarction in the younger elderly, but not the older elderly, Kurashiki population.

Relationship among Physical Activity, Smoking, Drinking and Clustering of the Metabolic Syndrome Diagnostic Components

To examine the relation between lifestyle and the number of metabolic syndrome (MetS) diagnostic components in a general population, and to find a means of preventing the development of MetS components. We examined baseline data from 3,365 participants (2,714 men and 651 women) aged 19 to 69 years who underwent a physical examination, lifestyle survey, and blood chemical examination. The physical activity of each participant was classified according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). We defined four components for MetS in this study as follows: 1) high BP: systolic BP > or = 130 mmHg or diastolic BP > or = 85 mmHg, or the use of antihypertensive drugs; 2) dyslipidemia: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration < 40 mg/dL, triglycerides concentration > or = 150 mg/dL, or on medication for dyslipidemia; 3) Impaired glucose tolerance: fasting blood sugar level > or = 110 mg/d, or if less than 8 hours after meals > or = 140 mg/dL), or on medication for diabetes mellitus; 4) obesity: body mass index > or = 25 kg/m(2). Those who had 0 to 4 MetS diagnostic components accounted for 1,726, 949, 484, 190, and 16 participants, respectively, in the Poisson distribution. Poisson regression analysis revealed that independent factors contributing to the number of MetS diagnostic components were being male (regression coefficient b=0.600, p < 0.01), age (b=0.027, p < 0.01), IPAQ class (b=-0.272, p= 0.03), and alcohol consumption (b=0.020, p=0.01). The contribution of current smoking was not statistically significant (b=-0.067, p=0.76). Moderate physical activity was inversely associated with the number of MetS diagnostic components, whereas smoking was not associated.

Relationship between the diagnostic components of metabolic syndrome (MS) and cognition by ApoE genotype in the elderly

Relationship between the diagnostic components of metabolic syndrome (MS) and cognition by ApoE genotype in the elderly

Relationship between the diagnostic components of metabolic syndrome (MS) and cognition by ApoE genotype in the elderly

The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of the ApoE genotype on the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and its diagnostic components and cognitive impairment in the elderly. A total of 2944 subjects aged over 60 years were analyzed from the data of Gwangju Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment Study. We examined demographic characteristics, current and past illness history, drug history, Korean version-mini-mental state examination (K-MMSE). We also examined ApoE genotype and analyzed associated factors with MS. The MS was present in 53.8% of the subjects (36.8% of men and 61.1% of women). On multiple logistic regression analysis, MS was not associated with the cognitive impairment (K-MMSE score <18) adjusted for age, sex, and educational level. The interactive effect between systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, and DBP, respectively) and ApoE on cognition was not significant (all p > 0.3), but the interactive effect between triglyceride (TG), high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDLc) and ApoE on cognition was significant after adjustment for age, sex, and education ( B = −0.285, Wald = 4.194, p = 0.041; B = 0.372, Wald = 4.134, p = 0.042). These results suggest that blood TG and HDLc may affect cognitive function in the elderly in the presence of ApoE ɛ4 allele.

Metabolic Syndrome as a Risk Factor for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Metabolic syndrome has been linked to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The purpose of the current study was to evaluate metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for NAFLD in Taiwanese adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted in which 876 subjects were enrolled. The diagnosis of NAFLD was made by abdominal ultrasonography. The Asia-Pacific modification of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III guidelines was used to establish the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. NAFLD was diagnosed in 373 (42.6%) of the study population. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 202 (23.1%) of the study population, and it was independently associated with NAFLD (odds ratio [OR] = 2.37; P < 0.001). Among the components of metabolic syndrome, hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 2.24; P < 0.001), hyperglycemia (OR = 2.23; P = 0.001), increased waist circumference (OR = 1.76; P = 0.013), and the diagnostic components of metabolic syndrome were independently associated with NAFLD. Metabolic syndrome and some of its diagnostic components are independent risk factors for NAFLD.