Diagnosis Of Such Complications Research Articles

Early detection of cardiorespiratory complications and training monitoring using wearable ECG sensors and CNN

This research study demonstrates an efficient scheme for early detection of cardiorespiratory complications in pandemics by Utilizing Wearable Electrocardiogram (ECG) sensors for pattern generation and Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) for decision analytics. In health-related outbreaks, timely and early diagnosis of such complications is conclusive in reducing mortality rates and alleviating the burden on healthcare facilities. Existing methods rely on clinical assessments, medical history reviews, and hospital-based monitoring, which are valuable but have limitations in terms of accessibility, scalability, and timeliness, particularly during pandemics. The proposed scheme commences by deploying wearable ECG sensors on the patient’s body. These sensors collect data by continuously monitoring the cardiac activity and respiratory patterns of the patient. The collected raw data is then transmitted securely in a wireless manner to a centralized server and stored in a database. Subsequently, the stored data is assessed using a preprocessing process which extracts relevant and important features like heart rate variability and respiratory rate. The preprocessed data is then used as input into the CNN model for the classification of normal and abnormal cardiorespiratory patterns. To achieve high accuracy in abnormality detection the CNN model is trained on labeled data with optimized parameters. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated and gauged using different scenarios, which shows a robust performance in detecting abnormal cardiorespiratory patterns with a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 92%. Prominent observations, which highlight the potential for early interventions include subtle changes in heart rate variability and preceding respiratory distress. These findings show the significance of wearable ECG technology in improving pandemic management strategies and informing public health policies, which enhances preparedness and resilience in the face of emerging health threats.

Anastomotic complications after lung transplantation

: Anastomotic complications following lung transplantation include those affecting one of the three anastomoses performed in the usual technique for lung transplantation: the bronchial, the pulmonary artery, and the pulmonary venous anastomoses. Airway complications have declined over time, but still are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The main pathogenic factor associated to the development of airway complications is the post-transplant bronchial ischemia. The most frequent anastomotic airway complication is bronchial stenosis. Other complications include bronchial dehiscence, granulation tissue formation, bronchomalacia, and bronchial fistulae. The main diagnostic tools for diagnosis of such complications are imaging techniques such as chest computed tomography (CT) scan and bronchoscopic examination, which allows an appropriate assessment of the bronchial mucosa and extent of the airway complication. A combination of several bronchoscopic procedures is usually required to best manage post-transplant airway complications. These include balloon dilatation, cryotherapy, laser resection, electrocautery, endobronchial brachytherapy, and bronchial stenting. On occasion, different surgical approaches are required, including graft resection or re-transplantation. The incidence of vascular anastomotic complications after lung transplantation is low, but they are associated to high morbidity and mortality rates. These complications comprise either the pulmonary artery anastomosis or the venous anastomosis, and stenoses are the most frequently observed. In the pulmonary artery, an excessive length of vascular ends may lead to kinking, vascular torsion, and stenosis. In the venous anastomosis, an improper surgical technique, or an anastomotic intussusception due to excessive lengh leads to the development of thrombosis at the anastomotic site. Early detection and rapid treatment of these complications is crucial for its successful management. Appropriate selection of the best therapeutic option depends on the time of onset of the vascular complication and the expertise of the transplant team. It usually requires a multidisciplinary approach comprising either endovascular procedures or surgical correction.

Особливості впливу препарату келтикан та поляризуючого світла на ознаки невропатичного болю в комбінованій терапії діабетичної полінейропатії

Актуальність. Діагностика та лікування діабетичної полінейропатії мають особливе значення для хворих на цукровий діабет, оскільки вона може призводити до тяжких наслідків. Метою дослідження було підвищення ефективності лікування невропатичного болю шляхом включення препарату келтикан та поляризуючого світла в комплексну терапію діабетичної полінейропатії. Матеріали та методи. Обстежено 99 хворих на цукровий діабет 2-го типу, ускладнений діабетичною полінейропатією. Пацієнти були розподілені на 3 групи: до контрольної групи увійшли 32 пацієнти, які отримували стандартне лікування, 32 хворі 2-ї групи додатково отримували келтикан по 1 капсулі тричі на добу впродовж місяця, а 35 хворим 3-ї групи додатково було призначено 12 лікувальних процедур поляризуючим світлом. Оцінку інтенсивності невропатичного болю проводили за допомогою модифікованого опитувальника DN4. Результати. Установлено позитивний клінічний ефект лікування в усіх групах після 12-денного курсу лікування, який зберігався впродовж 3 місяців у 2-й та 3-й групах, а через 6 місяців — лише в групі з додатковим призначенням келтикану. Висновки. Використання опитувальника DN4 із модифікованою шкалою оцінки показників невропатичного болю дозволяє оптимізувати діагностику даного ускладнення у хворих на цукровий діабет. Включення препарату келтикан та поляризуючого світла в стандартну комплексну терапію діабетичної полінейропатії підвищує клінічну ефективність лікування невропатичного болю.

Post-surgical wireless monitoring of arterial health progression

SummaryEarly detection of limb ischemia, strokes, and heart attacks may be enabled via long-term monitoring of arterial health. Early stenosis, decreased blood flow, and clots are common after surgical vascular bypass or plaque removal from a diseased vessel and can lead to the above diseases. Continuous arterial monitoring for the early diagnosis of such complications is possible by implanting a sensor during surgery that is wirelessly monitored by patients after surgery. Here, we report the design of a wireless capacitive sensor wrapped around the artery during surgery for continuous post-operative monitoring of arterial health. The sensor responds to diverse artery sizes and extents of occlusion in vitro to at least 20 cm upstream and downstream of the sensor. It demonstrated strong capability to monitor progression of arterial occlusion in human cadaver and small animal models. This technology is promising for wireless monitoring of arterial health for pre-symptomatic disease detection and prevention.

Providing Emergency Medical Care at the Prehospital Stage to Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and Acute Ischemic Stroke in Moscow: the Role of the Aviation Medical Teams of the Emergency Medical Care Center (Territorial Center of Disaster Medicine)

The increase in the number of patients with complications of cardiovascular diseases and the need for early diagnosis of such complications and the early initiation of treatment already at the prehospital stage leads to an increasing need for more frequent use of helicopter medical equipment, as well as for equipping aviation medical teams with highly qualified specialists. The formation of a network of vascular invasive centers in the Moscow region, modern equipment and its use in air ambulance conditions require constant improvement of skills among medical workers. All this undoubtedly leads to positive results, the mortality rate from heart attacks and strokes decreases, the duration of treatment and the period of rehabilitation of patients are reduced. It should be noted that even 10 years ago, medical helicopters were used in the elimination of medical consequences in road accidents, fires and emergencies. Today, aviation medical teams are involved in more than 50% of cases with cardiovascular diseases, which undoubtedly speaks of the prospects for the development of medical aviation in large cities.

Malignant transformation in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

-Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is one of the most common hereditary kidney disorders in adults that may develop malignant transformation. Early diagnosis of such complication is important to get rid of primary malignancy & control of distant metastasis as early as possible. Sudden onset of fulminant hematuria, pain & fever in patient with end stage renal disease & on dialysis may raise the suspicious of such as dangerous complication. This guides us to establish such work to help our patients. -Subject & method: Bedside 2D ultrasound role in characterization of malignant renal mass in adult male patient in collaboration with CT scan of the abdomen & histopathological study of the specimen.-Results: ultrasound & CT scan of the abdomen had a crucial role in characterization of malignant renal mass in patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease & end stage renal disease. -Conclusion: Sudden onset of gross hematuria in a case of end stage renal disease must raise the concern of malignant transformation of cystic lesion in the kidney.

CT findings of complications after abdominal wall repair with prosthetic mesh.

Postoperative complications following prosthetic mesh repair are relatively rare and depend on the type and location of prosthetic mesh. They include abscess, hematoma, seroma, fistula, bowel obstruction, mesh retraction, granuloma and recurrent hernia. Computed tomography (CT) is the imaging examination of choice for the diagnosis of such complications. This pictorial review illustrates the CT presentation of the most and less common postoperative complications following prosthetic mesh repair of the abdominal wall.

45. Diabetic distal sensorimotor and autonomic polyneuropathy in adults with type 1 and 2 diabetes

Emerging evidence suggests that distal symmetric sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) and diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN) stems from nerve dysfunction in early stage of diabetes. Neurophysiological assessment can provide an early diagnosis of such complications and should be carried out at the diagnosis and during progression of the disease. We studied 44 patients, 24 type 2 diabetes (mean age 61 years, duration 14 years, mean HBA1C 8,2%) and 20 type 1 (mean age 19 years, duration 11 years, mean HBA1 C 8,4%). All subjects complained of symptoms proper to peripheral neuropathy. Neurophysiological evaluation included Nerve Conduction Studies/Electromiography, Heart Rate Variability including time domains (mean RR-interval and RR-standard deviation), Sympathetic Skin Response (SSR). Peripheral neuropathies due to any other cause were excluded. The prevalence of DSPN, DAN and the association between DSPN and DAN was significantly higher in patients with type 2 compared with those with type 1 diabetes (P < 0.001), being the duration of disease and age significantly higher (P = 0,01) in type 2 diabetes patients. Poor glycemic control and the disease duration are some of the concurrent factors in diabetic polyneuropathy and CAN pathogenesis. Since DSPN and DAN probably share the same pathogenesis, neurophysiological follow-up should be considered as a useful tool for early diagnosis of such complications. In our opinion, however, mean duration of diabetes and the age could be an important etiologic factor of PNS.

Doppler ultrasonography in living donor liver transplantation recipients: Intra- and post-operative vascular complications.

Living-donor liver transplantation has provided a solution to the severe lack of cadaver grafts for the replacement of liver afflicted with end-stage cirrhosis, fulminant disease, or inborn errors of metabolism. Vascular complications remain the most serious complications and a common cause for graft failure after hepatic transplantation. Doppler ultrasound remains the primary radiological imaging modality for the diagnosis of such complications. This article presents a brief review of intra- and post-operative living donor liver transplantation anatomy and a synopsis of the role of ultrasonography and color Doppler in evaluating the graft vascular haemodynamics both during surgery and post-operatively in accurately defining the early vascular complications. Intra-operative ultrasonography of the liver graft provides the surgeon with useful real-time diagnostic and staging information that may result in an alteration in the planned surgical approach and corrections of surgical complications during the procedure of vascular anastomoses. The relevant intra-operative anatomy and the spectrum of normal and abnormal findings are described. Ultrasonography and color Doppler also provides the clinicians and surgeons early post-operative potential developmental complications that may occur during hospital stay. Early detection and thus early problem solving can make the difference between graft survival and failure.

Imaging of biliary complications in recipients of right-lobe living donor liver transplantation.

Right-lobe living donor liver transplantation (RL-LDLT) is a common method devised in order to fulfill the demands of donor organ shortage in adult patients with end-stage liver diseases. However, biliary complications remain as the "Achilles' heel" of RL-LDLT, with wide variety of incidence among transplantation centers. Patients with biliary complications after RL-LDLT may have similar clinical presentations to those with other causes of graft dysfunction. Therefore, radiological evaluation plays a key role for differential diagnosis of such complications. In this article, we discuss the various methods of biliary reconstruction and imaging findings of common and uncommon biliary complications in recipients of RL-LDLT.

Silent bowel perforation cause by migration of ventriculoperitoneal shunt masquerading as acute enteritis

Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is an established method of diverting cerebrospinal fluid for the management of hydrocephalus. The procedure is associated with various complications. Bowel perforation caused by migration of VP shunt is rare but serious complication. Because most of the patients are asymptomatic, and the occurrence of such complication is fatal due to ascending meningitis, early diagnosis, and rapid treatment is important in these patients. The diagnosis of such complication is based on direct visual of the protruding tube from the anus or abdominal computed tomography. Colon perforation due to shunt catheter migration may initially but not essentially present as meningitis after shunt infection, abdominal symptoms, seizure, and fever. However, colon perforation may rarely resemble the symptoms of acute gastroenteritis (abdominal pain, vomiting and/or diarrhea) before the prolapse of shunt catheter from the rectum. Here, we report a 75-year-old man underwent VP shunt for hydrocephalus presented with watery diarrhea masqueraded as acute gastroenteritis and further diagnosed as migration of VP shunt from the colon, via digital examination and further disclosed by computed tomography.

Ultrasound Location of Misplaced Levonorgestrel Releasing Intrauterine System (LNG-IUS) - is it easy?

The Levonorgestrel intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) is a hormone-containing device licensed for treatment of menorrhagia and contraception. Though complications such as perforation have been reported similar to other non-hormonal intrauterine devices, the diagnosis of such complications is difficult with this device because the LNG-IUD has a different ultrasound appearance compared to copper devices and these case reports are intended to emphasize this point.

Perivalvular Ectension of Infection in Patients with Infectious Endocarditis

Perivalvular extension of infection is a not-infrequent and potentially fatal complication of bacterial endocarditis. Because the efficacy of various modalities in the diagnosis of such complications is not well established, a selective review of the published literature on this issue is worthwhile. The electrocardiogram is the easiest study to obtain. It is quite specific in identifying perivalvular extension of infection when conduction system disease is demonstrated but has a low degree of sensitivity overall. Transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography, transesophageal echocardiography, and color-flow Doppler echocardiography are the most practical and useful techniques for diagnosis of perivalvular extension of infection. Magnetic resonance imaging also appears to be an effective tool in this setting; however, because of a paucity of clinical data, its precise utility has not yet been determined. Nuclear medicine studies and computed tomography play a minimal role. Cardiac catheterization is as useful as the echocardiographic techniques but is invasive, not as readily available, and significantly riskier in terms of complications. An approach to the diagnosis of perivalvular extension of infection is proposed on the basis of the literature review.