Diagnosis Of Salivary Gland Tumors Research Articles

Efficacy of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Diagnosis of Salivary Gland Tumors

Abstract Introduction: Masses of the head and neck comprise a variety of benign and malignant tumors and tumor-like conditions, which may present diagnostic challenges to the surgeon and pathologist as well. Fine needle aspiration cytology is considered to be a valuable diagnostic tool used for preoperative evaluation of various masses in the head and neck region. However, its role is quite controversial for salivary gland tumour evaluation. This study was aimed to evaluate salivary gland fine-needle aspiration cytology for sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy in our medical center. Material and method: The present study included 58 patients with different salivary gland lesions who underwent preoperative fine-needle aspiration procedure followed by surgical procedure and histological examination. The cytological findings were compared with the final histological diagnosis and concordance assessed. Results: Of the 58 cases with salivary gland lesions, most of them involved parotid gland (72.41%), 91.38% were neoplasms and 8.62% were non-neoplastic lesions. Out of 53 neoplasms, 39 were benign and 14 were malignant salivary gland tumors. The sensitivity and a specificity of fine-needle aspiration cytology in differentiation malignancies from benign lesions was 100% and 97.73% respectively. In some situations cytological features could not provide correct tumor characterization. Conclusions: Fine-needle aspiration cytology is a simple and reliable technique for preoperative evaluation of salivary gland tumors with a high sensitivity diagnosis of malignant tumors, but a lower tumor type characterization. Due to the minimally invasive nature of the technique, fine-needle aspiration cytology offers valuable information for planning of subsequent therapeutic management.

Is DOG1 really useful in the diagnosis of salivary gland acinic cell carcinoma? - A DOG1 (clone K9) analysis in fine needle aspiration cell blocks and the review of the literature.

Introduction:DOG1 is a transmembrane protein originally “discovered on gastrointestinal stromal tumors,” works as a calcium-activated chloride channel protein. There is a limited number of studies on the potential usage of this antibody in the diagnosis of salivary gland tumors on routine practice in cell blocks. The aim of this study was to search for the usefulness of K9 clone in oncocytic type tumors and review of the literature.Materials and Methods:Sixty-nine fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytologic materials of predominantly oncocytic morphology salivary gland tumors; acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) (n = 8), adenoid cystic carcinoma (n = 2), pleomorphic adenoma (PA) (n = 22), Warthin tumor (WT) (n = 20), myoepithelioma (ME) (n = 5), benign oncocytoma (BeO) (n = 3), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) (n = 7), mammary analog salivary gland carcinoma (n = 2) were immunostained with DOG1 (clone K9) stain.Results:Of the 8 AciCCs, 7 were observed apical-luminal positive staining, demonstrating 1–3 + intensity, and involving 40–70% of the tumor cells. One MEC of 7 (14%), 1 ME of 5 (20%), and 4 PA of 22 (18%) showed weak (1+) cytoplasmic granular staining in 5–10% of the tumor cells. Pure oncocytic neoplasms (WT, BeO) showed no expression with DOG1-K9.Conclusions:FNA is a common tool in the diagnosis and management of salivary gland tumors. DOG1-K9 clone was very useful with a unique staining pattern of apical-luminal positivity in the differential diagnosis of AciCC from other oncocytic salivary gland tumors.

Comparison of pre operative fine needle aspiration cytology diagnosis and histopathological diagnosis of salivary gland tumours

Objective: FNAC is a useful method for evaluating suspicious salivary gland lesions due to its low cost, minimum morbidity, rapid turnaround time, high specificity, and sensitivity. The present study was undertaken to diagnose salivary gland tumors based on the cytomorphology and to correlate with histopathology wherever available and to review the histologic and cytomorphological features in discordant cases and evaluate the possible reasons of misinterpretation. Methods: The study was both prospective and retrospective. All the cases of salivary gland tumors that had fine needle aspiration cytology reports were taken from records of Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences. This study was done between January 2000 to May 2008. Results: A total of 135 cases of salivary gland neoplasms were identified during 8 1/2 period of our study. 1. Histologic correlation was available for 36 cases 2. There is a concordance between cytology and histopathology in 31/36 cases (86.1%). In three cases (8.3%) diagnostic possibilities were given. 94.1% of pleomorphic adenoma cases had concordance (16/17). 3. The number of discordant cases were 5/36 (13.9%) and the discordance was due to scant cellularity and rarity of the lesions. Majority of the cases 4(80%) it was underdiagnosis and in one case (20%) it was over diagnosis. Conclusion: FNAC is a highly reliable technique for pre-operative diagnosis of salivary gland tumors in the hands of experienced pathologists. However, there still remain few cases that may be inaccurately diagnosed on cytology due to overlapping features and in these cases histopathology is the only modality for final diagnosis.

A pediatric case of mammary analogue secretory carcinoma within the parotid

Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) is a recently described entity in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland tumors. It is notable for a characteristic t(12;15)(p13;q25) translocation that results in a unique fusion protein, ETV6-NTRK3. While several studies have retrospectively identified this translocation in cases previously diagnosed as a different salivary malignancy, there have been relatively few cases where this translocation was identified on initial pathology results, and fewer still in a pediatric population. We present a case of a 15 year old female with a slowly enlarging, painless, left facial mass. MRI demonstrated a cystic mass extending into the deep lobe of the parotid, and she underwent parotidectomy. The tumor cells stained positive for S100 and CK19. ETV6 translocation was present, confirming the diagnosis. Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma is a recently described tumor of the salivary glands, which often masquerades as more common primary salivary gland tumors and cysts. More research is needed to characterize the typical behavior of this neoplasm and the optimal treatment regimen. With identification of its characteristic translocation, mammary analogue secretory carcinoma can be easily differentiated from its more prevalent counterparts, and should therefore remain within the differential of the pathologist and head and neck surgeon.

Differentiating benign and malignant salivary gland tumours: diagnostic criteria and the accuracy of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI with high temporal resolution.

To determine the optimal diagnostic criterion of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) for predicting salivary gland malignancy using a dynamic sequence with high temporal resolution, as well as the accuracy of this technique. The DCE-MRI findings of 98 salivary gland tumours (74 benign and 24 malignant) were reviewed. MR images were sequentially obtained at 5-s intervals for 370 s. Two parameters, peak time and washout ratio (WR) were determined from the time-signal intensity curve. The optimal thresholds of these parameters for differentiating benign and malignant tumours were determined, along with the diagnostic accuracy of the criterion using these thresholds. A peak time of 150 s and a WR of 30% were identified as optimal thresholds. As the criterion for malignancy, the combination of peak time <150 s and WR <30% provided a sensitivity of 79% (19/24), specificity of 95% (70/74) and an overall accuracy of 91% (89/98). Three of the five false-negative cases were malignant lymphomas of the parotid gland. Peak time <150 s with WR <30% comprised the optimal diagnostic criterion in predicting salivary gland malignancy, providing a sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 95%. The use of high temporal resolution might improve the accuracy of DCE-MRI. Although several studies have reported the usefulness of DCE-MRI in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland tumours, the specific diagnostic criteria employed have differed widely. We determined the optimal criterion and its accuracy using a dynamic sequence with high temporal resolution.

Sperm associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) expression and humoral response in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors

Salivary gland cancers are highly aggressive epithelial tumor associated with metastatic potential and high mortality. The tumors are biologically diverse and are of various histotypes. Besides, the detection and diagnosis is a major problem of salivary gland cancer for available treatment modalities. In the present study, we have investigated the association of sperm associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) expression with salivary gland tumor (SGT). Clinical specimens of benign (n = 16) and malignant tumors (n = 86) were examined for the SPAG9 expression. In addition, the sera and adjacent non-cancerous tissues (n = 72) from available patients were obtained. Our in situ RNA hybridization and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis revealed significant difference (p = 0.0001) in SPAG9 gene and protein expression in benign (63%) and malignant tumor (84%) specimens. Further, significant association was also observed between SPAG9 expression and malignant tumors (P = 0.05). A cut-off value of >10% cells expressing SPAG9 protein designated as positive in IHC, predicted presence of malignant SGT with 83.72% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% PPV and 83.72% NPV. Humoral response against SPAG9 protein was generated in 68% of SGT patients. A cut-off value of 0.212 OD for anti-SPAG9 antibodies in ELISA predicted presence of malignant SGT with 69.23% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% PPV and 78.94% NPV. Collectively, our data suggests that the majority of SGT show significant difference and association among benign and malignant tumors for SPAG9 gene and protein expression and also exhibit humoral response against SPAG9 protein. Hence, SPAG9 may be developed as a biomarker for detection and diagnosis of salivary gland tumors.

Accuracy of diagnosis of salivary gland tumors with the use of ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging: a meta-analysis.

To compare ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for clinical differential diagnosis in patients with salivary gland tumor (SGT). Six databases were used to search the literature published between 1982 and 2013. Histologic diagnosis was required as standard diagnosis. Pooled estimate for sensitivity, specificity, summary receiver-operating characteristic curve (SROC) and area under curve (AUC) were calculated and compared using STATA and Meta-Disc statistical software. Nineteen articles were included. Pooled sensitivity for US, CT, and MRI was 0.629 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.52-0.73), 0.830 (95% CI 0.74-0.90), and 0.807 (95% CI 0.73-0.87), respectively; pooled specificity for US, CT, and MRI was 0.920 (95% CI 0.89-0.94), 0.851 (95% CI 0.79-0.90), and 0.886 (95% CI 0.85-0.92), respectively. The AUC under SROC for US, CT, and MRI was 0.934 ± 0.058, 0.912 ± 0.889, and 0.903 ± 0.045, respectively. CT is recommended, as it is an effective imaging tool for differential diagnosis in patients with primary SGT, and MRI is suggested for differential diagnosis between benign and malignant GSTs because of its highest sensitivity and specificity.

Diagnostic Utility of PLAG1 Immunohistochemical Determination in Salivary Gland Tumors

PLAG1 (pleomorphic adenoma gene 1) is a proto-oncogene whose overexpression is a crucial oncogenic event in salivary gland pleomorphic adenomas (PA), and in carcinoma ex-PA. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the sensitivity and the specificity of PLAG1 as a marker in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland benign and malignant tumors. We examined 101 cases, including 36 PAs, 8 myoepitheliomas, 3 basal cell adenomas, and 1 canalicular adenoma among benign tumors; 16 mucoepidermoid carcinomas, 10 adenoid cystic carcinomas, 8 acinic cell carcinomas, 8 polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinomas, 7 salivary duct carcinoma, and 4 epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma among malignant tumors. PLAG1 was diffusely positive in 94.4% of PAs and in all myoepitheliomas, although with a lower staining intensity. Among malignant tumors, 2 (25%) polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinomas and 1 salivary duct carcinoma ex-PA were positive. In conclusion, PLAG1 is a marker with good specificity for PA and could be a useful diagnostic adjunct in the diagnosis of salivary gland tumors. In particular, this marker is negative in the most common salivary carcinomas, including adenoid cystic carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and acinic cell carcinoma. However, some mimickers of PA, like polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma, may show occasional positivity for PLAG1, thus limiting its diagnostic use. In addition, carcinoma ex-PA shows consistent positivity, and therefore should be considered as a diagnostic possibility in case of a malignant tumor with PLAG1 expression.

High diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility of fine-needle aspiration cytology for diagnosing salivary gland tumors: cytohistologic correlation in 182 cases.

The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and reproducibility of the cytologic diagnosis of salivary gland tumors (SGTs) using fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The study aimed to determine diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity and to evaluate the extent of interobserver agreement. We retrospectively evaluated SGTs from the files of the Division of Pathology at the Clinics Hospital of São Paulo and Piracicaba Dental School between 2000 and 2006. We performed cytohistologic correlation in 182 SGTs. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy were 94%, 100%, 100%, 100%, and 99%, respectively. The interobserver cytologic reproducibility showed significant statistical concordance (P<.0001). FNAC is an effective tool for performing a reliable preoperative diagnosis in SGTs and shows high diagnostic accuracy and consistent interobserver reproducibility. Further FNAC studies analyzing large samples of malignant SGTsand reactive salivary lesions are needed to confirm their accuracy.

The efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging and color Doppler ultrasonography in diagnosis of salivary gland tumors.

Background and aims. Although salivary gland tumors are not very common, early diagnosis and treatment is crucial because of their proximity to vital organs, and therefore, determining the efficacy of new imaging procedures becomes important. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and color doppler ultrasonography parameters in the diagnosis and differentiation of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors.Materials and methods. In this cross-sectional study, color doppler ultrasonography and MRI were performed for 22 patients with salivary gland tumor. Demographic data as well as MRI, color doppler ultrasonography, and surgical parameters including tumor site, signal in MRI images, ultrasound echo, tumor border, lymphadenopathy, invasion, perfusion, vascular resistance index (RI), vascular pulse index (PI) were analyzed using Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and independent t-test.Results. The mean age of patients was 46.59±13.97 years (8 males and 14females). Patients with malignant tumors were older (P < 0.01). The most common tumors were pleomorphic adenoma (36.4%), metastasis (36.4%), and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (9%). Nine tumors (40.9%) were benign and 13 (59.1%) were malignant. The overall accuracy of MRI and color doppler ultrasonography in determining tumor site was 100% and 95%, respectively. No significant difference observed between RI and PI and the diagnosis of tumor.Conclusion. Both MRI and ultrasonography have high accuracy in the localization of tumors. Well-identified border was a sign of benign tumors. Also, invasion to adjacent structures was a predictive factor for malignancy.

Searching for mammary analog secretory carcinoma of salivary gland among its mimics

Mammary analog secretory carcinoma of salivary gland is a recently described entity with unique morphologic, clinical, and genetic characteristics, including the characteristic t(12;15)(p13;q25) with ETV6-NTRK3 translocation found in secretory carcinomas of the breast. Before their initial description, these salivary gland tumors were generally diagnosed as acinic cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma. For the purpose of this study, all cases of salivary gland acinic cell carcinoma, cribriform cystadenocarcinoma, and adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified (NOS), diagnosed over a 10-year period were retrieved from our surgical pathology files. There were a total of 11 cases diagnosed as acinic cell carcinoma, 10 cases of adenocarcinoma, NOS, and 6 cases of cribriform cystadenocarcinoma. All slides were reviewed by two pathologists (AP, CGF) and tumors that show morphologic features of mammary analog secretory carcinoma according to the recent literature were selected. This process narrowed down the initial number to six cases originally diagnosed as acinic cell carcinoma, three cases originally diagnosed as adenocarcinoma, NOS, and one case originally diagnosed as cribriform cystadenocarcinoma. The 10 cases were subjected to immunohistochemistry for S-100, mammaglobin, and ANO1, as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis for t(12;15)(p13;q25) with ETV6-NTRK3 fusion rearrangement. The ETV6-NTRK3 gene rearrangement was detected in three tumors. These three tumors, initially diagnosed as acinic cell carcinomas, stained positive for S-100 and mammaglobin, and negative for ANO1 by immunohistochemistry. Two of the three patients were male (2/3). In summary, mammary analog secretory carcinoma is a newly described diagnostic entity that should be in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland tumors that morphologically mimic other neoplasms, mainly acinic cell carcinomas. They differ from conventional acinic cell tumors immunohistochemically and molecularly. Positivity for mammaglobin and S-100, and negativity for ANO1 are useful screening tools before confirmatory molecular studies.

Evaluation of c-kit protein (CD117) expression in common salivary gland neoplasms.

Background:Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is a malignant salivary gland neoplasm with poor long-term prognosis. Differentiating between AdCC and other salivary gland neoplasms can be a diagnostic challenge, particularly in examining tissues obtained from small incisional biopsies.Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate c-kit expression in four common benign and malignant salivary gland neoplasms.Materials and Methods:Immunohistochemical techniques were used to analyze the level of c-kit expression in normal salivary gland (n = 10) and four different types of salivary gland tumors: Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) (n = 17), AdCC (n = 9), polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) (n = 4) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) (n = 6). Samples were immunostained using monoclonal antibody against c-kit.Results:The immunoreactivity for c-kit was found in all cases of AdCC, PLGA and MEC and majority of PAs. Positive reactivity was observed in more than 50% of the tumor cells of AdCC and less than 50% in PLGA. PA did not show strong immunostaining and c-kit was predominantly localized to the cell membrane. Furthermore, the difference in the expression of c-kit between the benign and malignant neoplasms was not statistically significant.Conclusions:CD117 expression itself cannot be used as a marker in differential diagnosis of salivary gland neoplasms. However, the percentage of the CD117 immunoreactive cells and the staining intensities appeared to be important factors in distinguishing AdCC from PLGA and PA.

Salivary gland tumors: A 20-year review of clinical diagnostic accuracy at a single center

Obtaining reliable pre-operative diagnosis is crucial in planning treatment for patients with salivary gland tumors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of pre-operative clinical diagnosis of salivary gland tumors managed at a single tertiary university hospital over a period of 20 years. A retrospective analysis of the period between 1992 and 2011 was carried out to review the cases of patients with salivary gland tumors. A total of 101 patients were enrolled and general data were described. Clinical diagnosis was compared with the final pathological diagnosis to reveal the clinical diagnostic accuracy. Of the parotid and submandibular gland tumors, 86 and 67% were benign, respectively. The clinical diagnostic accuracies for diagnosis of parotid tumors as benign or malignant were 100 and 57%, respectively. The clinical diagnostic accuracies for diagnosis of submandibular tumors as benign or malignant were 67%. Therefore, the overall clinical judgment of benign and malignant tumors in the submandibular gland is unreliable. The accuracy for a parotid tumor to be clinically interpreted as benign was 100%. While it is difficult to draw any conclusion for non-parotid gland tumors, surgical intervention should be recommended in patients with parotid tumors clinically suspected to be malignant, and all submandibular, sublingual and minor salivary gland tumors.

Quantitative diagnosis of salivary gland tumors with contrast-enhanced ultrasound—a preliminary study

To quantitatively analyze the value of qualitative diagnosis of salivary gland masses with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). The enhanced sonographic features of 68 salivary gland masses were analyzed to differentiate them. The final diagnoses were confirmed by biopsy pathology. We observed from the perfusion kinetics of CEUS that most pleomorphic adenomas manifested lower enhancement and well-defined margins; most Warthin tumors presented with higher enhancement and well-defined margins; and most malignant tumors had higher enhancement and poorly defined margins. Their time-intensity curves showed pleomorphic adenomas were hypovascularized with a poor perfusion, whereas Warthin tumors and malignant tumors were hypervascularized with a rich perfusion. Additionally, malignant tumors showed significantly shortened time to peak and richer maximum signal intensity compared with Warthin tumors. The features of salivary gland masses identified with CEUS were helpful in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland masses.

Nestin is a wide‐spectrum abluminal cell marker of salivary gland tumors

Nestin is an intermediate filament that was first identified in neural progenitor cells. It is expressed in various cell types in the nervous system as well as in other systems. In the present study, we investigated nestin expression in non-neoplastic salivary gland tissue and in salivary gland tumors. In non-neoplastic salivary glands, nestin expression was observed in only a few abluminal cells. In contrast, diffuse nestin staining was observed in the abluminal cells of pleomorphic adenoma (11 of 11 cases), basal cell adenoma (7 of 7 cases), and epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (2 of 2 cases). The stromal cells in basal cell adenoma also expressed nestin. In adenoid cystic carcinoma (6 of 7 cases) and polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (3 of 3 cases), nestin positive cells were observed focally. Nestin was not detected in Warthin tumor (6 cases), classical acinic cell carcinoma (2 cases), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (5 cases), or salivary duct carcinoma (4 cases). Because the nestin expression pattern in each histological salivary gland tumor type is unique, nestin could be a very useful abluminal cell marker for the diagnosis of salivary gland tumors.

Utility of Myb, CD117 and PLAG1 Immunocytochemistry in Fine Needle Aspiration Diagnosis of Salivary Gland Neoplasms

Utility of Myb, CD117 and PLAG1 Immunocytochemistry in Fine Needle Aspiration Diagnosis of Salivary Gland Neoplasms

MCM3 as a Novel Diagnostic Marker in Benign and Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors

Proliferation markers widely have been used to diagnose and determine the behaviour and prognosis of benign and malignant tumours. Minichromosome maintenance 3 (MCM3) is a novel proliferation marker. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare MCM3 with Ki-67 in diagnosis of salivary gland tumours. In this retrospective study, immunohistochemical expression of MCM3 and Ki-67 was evaluated in 15 pleomorphic adenomas (PA), 17 mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC) and 18 adenoid cystic carcinomas (ADCC) . Labeling indices (LIs) for the two markers were calculated and compared. MCM3 and Ki-67 LIs were significantly higher in MEC and ADCC compared to PA. The LI of MCM3 was significantly higher than that of Ki-67 in MEC and PA. There was no significant difference between the two markers in ADCC. A cut-off point of 8% with 74.3% sensitivity and 93.3% specificity for MCM3 was obtained to discern between benign and malignant tumors. These results suggest that MCM3 might be a useful proliferation marker for differential diagnosis and recognition of clinical behavior of salivary gland tumors.

Utility of mammaglobin immunohistochemistry as a proxy marker for the ETV6-NTRK3 translocation in the diagnosis of salivary mammary analogue secretory carcinoma

Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma is a recently described salivary gland neoplasm defined by ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion. Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma's morphology is not entirely specific and overlaps with other salivary gland tumors. Documenting ETV6 rearrangement is confirmatory, but most laboratories are not equipped to perform this test. As mammary analogue secretory carcinomas are positive for mammaglobin, immunohistochemistry could potentially replace molecular testing as a confirmatory test, but the specificity of mammaglobin has not been evaluated across a large and diverse group of salivary gland tumors. One hundred thirty-one salivary gland neoplasms were evaluated by routine microscopy, mammaglobin immunohistochemistry, and ETV6 break-apart fluorescent in situ hybridization. The cases included 15 mammary analogue secretory carcinomas, 44 adenoid cystic carcinomas, 33 pleomorphic adenomas, 18 mucoepidermoid carcinomas, 10 acinic cell carcinomas, 4 adenocarcinomas not otherwise specified, 3 polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinomas, 3 salivary duct carcinomas, and 1 low-grade cribriform cystadenocarcinoma. All 15 mammary analogue secretory carcinomas harbored the ETV6 translocation and were strongly mammaglobin positive. None of the 116 other tumors carried the ETV6 translocation; however, mammaglobin staining was present in 1 (100%) of 1 low-grade cribriform cystadenocarcinoma, 2 (67%) of 3 polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinomas, 2 (67%) of 3 salivary duct carcinomas, 2 (11%) of 18 mucoepidermoid carcinomas, and 2 (6%) of 33 pleomorphic adenomas. Mammaglobin is highly sensitive for mammary analogue secretory carcinoma, but immunostaining can occur in a variety of tumors that do not harbor the ETV6 translocation. Strategic use of mammaglobin immunostaining has a role in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland neoplasms, but it should not be indiscriminately used as a confirmatory test for mammary analogue secretory carcinoma.

Histomorphology and Histogenesis of Pleomorphic Adenoma

The recent histogenetical concepts, the diagnostic criteria and the classification of the benign salivary gland tumours especially pleomorphic adenoma were pointed out in this paper, as well as nowadays assumptions of histogenesis and morphogenesis, the classification and pathological diagnosis of benign salivary gland tumours. The general insight in the studies that analysed advantages and controversies in the use of tissue markers, in histogenesis, and growth factors was performed. The immunohistochemical analysis, hybridisation in situ, the cell and tissue cultures and the chromosomal analyses can contribute to accurate pathological diagnosis of the salivary gland tumours.

Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy: in the Diagnosis of Salivary Gland Neoplasms Compared with Histopathology

Fine needle aspiration biopsy is commonly used for pre operative evaluations of salivary gland masses. We would like to focus on this diagnostic tool for the salivary gland lesions by reviewing Ankara Oncology Hospital's case lists. Cytological and postoperatively histological reassessment is done for 115 cases. Fine needle aspiration biopsy's sensitivity was 80.8%, specificity 95.1%, positive predictive value was 84% and negative predictive value was 93.9%. False positive range was 4.9% and false negative range was 19.2%. Salivary gland masses can be assessed by cytology preoperatively.