Diagnosis Of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Research Articles

Machine learning techniques for CT imaging diagnosis of novel coronavirus pneumonia: a review.

Since 2020, novel coronavirus pneumonia has been spreading rapidly around the world, bringing tremendous pressure on medical diagnosis and treatment for hospitals. Medical imaging methods, such as computed tomography (CT), play a crucial role in diagnosing and treating COVID-19. A large number of CT images (with large volume) are produced during the CT-based medical diagnosis. In such a situation, the diagnostic judgement by human eyes on the thousands of CT images is inefficient and time-consuming. Recently, in order to improve diagnostic efficiency, the machine learning technology is being widely used in computer-aided diagnosis and treatment systems (i.e., CT Imaging) to help doctors perform accurate analysis and provide them with effective diagnostic decision support. In this paper, we comprehensively review these frequently used machine learning methods applied in the CT Imaging Diagnosis for the COVID-19, discuss the machine learning-based applications from the various kinds of aspects including the image acquisition and pre-processing, image segmentation, quantitative analysis and diagnosis, and disease follow-up and prognosis. Moreover, we also discuss the limitations of the up-to-date machine learning technology in the context of CT imaging computer-aided diagnosis.

Infection control status of novel coronavirus pneumonia and radiation safety at CT workplace

CT is an important imaging tool for the diagnosis of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19), therefore, it's necessary to strictly control the disinfection of CT workplace and equipment and biosafety to avoid the place from becoming a potential infection source and to reduce the risk of infection of patients and radiological staff. It is also necessary to reduce the CT scan dose to minimize the radiation hazards on patients under the premise of ensuring the CT image quality and diagnostic efficiency. Based on the survey that novel coronavirus residues after disinfection at some CT workplace in domestic and overseas and the application of low-dose CT scan in diagnosis of COVID-19, as well as the current situation of radiological protection management in emergency hospital, this paper summarizes and proposes suggestions on infection control and radiological protection for CT workplace to strengthen the defense line of COVID-19 prevention and control. Copyright © 2021 by the Chinese Medical Association.

Early Imaging Features and Differential Diagnosis of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia

Objective: To discuss the early imaging features of novel coronary pneumonia (NCP) and its differential diagnosis with common pneumonia for the clinical Provide relatively correct imaging diagnosis. Methods: A review of 10 cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia diagnosed in our hospital and surrounding counties was collected, and our hospital's 2019-2020 Common pneumonia such as influenza A and B virus pneumonia, lobar pneumonia and adenovirus confirmed by laboratory tests and abnormal chest radiographs Ten patients each with pneumonia, a total of 40 patients, were collected and their imaging features were analyzed. Results: In 10 patients with neo-coronary pneumonia, there were 30 lesions on chest CT, with typical characteristic lesions containing bronchograms within their Angiographic thickening; located in the subpleura, with grinding glass-like or combined solid changes, referred to as "extratubular halo", with multifocal and multifocal distribution. Morphology or unilobular large lamellar foci without lymph node enlargement and pleural effusion; 10 cases of influenza A and B virus pneumonia in chest CT performance In nine patients, the lesions were distributed in the subpleural or along the perimeter of the bronchial vessels in the form of an analogous circular ground-glass shadow, some of which was a small piece of solid shadow, 1 The case involved a single lobe of the lung and showed a large mixed ground glass image, and the CT in 10 cases of lobar pneumonia showed that they all had a single large solid lobe The variegated shadow or patchy cloud with blurred margins was triangularly altered with the tip pointing to the lung portal, and there were five cases of air-containing bronchograms. Adenoviral pneumonia is more common in infants and young children, and CT showed single or multiple grinded glass images in both lungs with patchy solid variegated shadows and lobar distribution. Conclusion: NCP and common pneumonia have certain imaging features that, in combination with laboratory tests and epidemiologic history, allow a preliminary diagnosis to be made. It has certain directions and help for clinical diagnosis.

The differential diagnosis for novel coronavirus pneumonia and similar lung diseases in general hospitals

Novel coronavirus pneumonia was a novel coronavirus infection that has dominated pulmonary infection since December 2019. The main manifestations were fever, dry cough, shortness of breath, normal or leukopenia in peripheral blood and changes in chest CT and in severe cases, multiple organ failure might occur. The National Health Commission, PRC has revised the consensus on diagnosis and treatment seven times in a short period of time, indicating the growing understanding of the disease. Patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia usually had history of travelling or living in the epidemic area including Wuhan within 14 days before onset, or have been exposed to patients who had fever or respiratory symptoms from the epidemic area, or had clustering diseases. However, novel coronavirus pneumonia was becoming more and more blurred after vanishing epidemic. The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of novel coronavirus pneumonia were challenges not only because of large number of tourists increasing dramatically after the relieving of epidemic, but also patients with other diseases from different areas to search for medical care. In this article, the clinical and chest imaging features of the novel coronavirus pneumonia were reviewed and compared with other infections and non-infectious diffuse pulmonary diseases. We try to find the similarities and differences among them, and to identify clues to the diagnosis of novel coronavirus pneumonia, so as to ensure accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Analysis of low positive rate of nucleic acid detection method used for diagnosis of novel coronavirus pneumonia

新型冠状病毒肺炎（novel coronavirus pneumonia, NCP）是由2019新型冠状病毒（2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV）感染引起的一种急性传染性疾病，基于实时荧光逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）方法的病毒核酸检测是临床确诊的重要手段，但目前临床通过2019-nCoV的核酸检测结果确诊NCP存在阳性率偏低的现象。为明确这一问题出现的原因，本文在充分肯定核酸检测用于确诊NCP应用价值的基础上，从患者病程、标本采集、标本运输与保存、标本处理、核酸提取与扩增、病毒核酸变异等方面进行了分析，找出了影响核酸检测结果准确可靠的可能因素并提出了相应的建议。

Preliminary study of serum 2019-nCoV IgM and IgG antibodies in the diagnosis of COVID-19

Objective To analyze the clinical value of serum 2019 New Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in the diagnosis of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP). Methods A total of 116 patients diagnosed with NCP in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University were enrolled from January to February 2020 as the disease group. A total of 134 cases, including 84 non-NCP inpatients and 50 healthy individuals served as the control group. Serum samples from all subjects were collected. A fully-automated chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer was used to detect the concentration of 2019-nCoV IgM and IgG antibodies in serum. The sensitivity and specificity of the 2019-nCoV IgM and IgG antibody single test and combined detection were compared using the χ2 test. χ2 test and Wilcoxon’s rank sum test were used to compare the positive rates and concentrations of IgM and IgG antibodies in NCP patients before and after their 2019-nCoV nucleic acid tests turning negative, respectively. The change trend of 2019-nCoV antibody concentration in the process of NCP patients was analyzed by Wilcoxon’s rank sum test. Results The sensitivity of 2019-nCoV IgG (90.5%, 105/116) was higher than that of 2019-nCoV IgM (75.9%, 88/116), the difference was statistically significant (χ2=8.91, P<0.05); The specificity of 2019-nCoV IgG (99.3%, 133/134) was higher than that of 2019-nCoV IgM (94.0%, 126/134), the difference was statistically significant (χ2=5.63, P<0.05). The sensitivity (89.7%, 87/97) of 2019-nCoV IgM combined with IgG was higher than that of 2019-nCoV IgM, the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=6.89, P<0.05). The specificity (100%, 125/125) of 2019-nCoV IgM combined with IgG was higher than that of 2019-nCoV IgM, the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=7.70, P<0.05). After 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test converted to negative, the positive rate (52.9%, 9/17) and concentration [13.0 (4.9, 24.7) AU/ml] of serum 2019-nCoV IgM antibody were significantly lower than those when the nucleic acid test was positive, positive rate (88.2%, 15/17) and concentration [29.5 (14.0, 61.3) AU/ml] , respectively (χ2=5.10, Z=-3.195, both P<0.05). In the course of NCP, patients' serum samples were collected from the first day of diagnosis to every three days, three times in total. The first 2019-nCoV IgM and IgG antibody concentrations [19.4 (12.4, 63.7) AU/ml, 105.8 (74.8, 126.1) AU/ml, respectively] were significantly higher than the second concentrations [15.8 (7.1, 40.3)AU/ml, 80.5 (66.7, 105.9) AU/ml], Z were -2.897, -3.179, both P<0.05. Conclusions 2019-nCoV IgG antibody has a good application value in the diagnosis of NCP; The concentration of 2019-nCoV IgM antibody has a certain correlation with the detection of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid; The combination of 2019-nCoV IgM and IgG antibodies with 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test may be the best laboratory index for the diagnosis of NCP at present. Key words: Coronavirus; Pneumonia, viral; Immunoglobulin M; Immunoglobulin G; Nucleic acids; Sensitivity and specificity; Real-time polymerase chain reaction

How to Protect the Human Rights of Children Temporarily out of Custody in the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Epidemic in China

In the current epidemic prevention and control of the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (NCP) in China, the protection of human rights of children temporarily separated from guardianship during the epidemic period has not yet attracted the attention of the state and society. Some of these children have to be separated from their parents because their parents are quarantined for suspected or confirmed NCP, or these children themselves have to be quarantined because of suspected or confirmed diagnosis of NCP. Some children’s parents are doctors, police and other front-line anti epidemic staff, therefore they have no other choice but leaving the children at home alone. There are also children whose parents and other close relatives have been infected or suspected to be infected with NCP thereby have no ability to take care of them. These children are actually out of the custody of their parents. The mental and physical health of these children are suffering from great damage. However, the absence of state guardianship, guardians’ lacking awareness of protecting children's rights, and the adverse guidance of public opinions make these children be in a struggling situation at present. The First thing we must to do is establishing a systematic national guardianship system, and make clear the temporary guardianship system. Second, expanding the interpretation of leftover children and children in difficulties in the existing laws and policies, and formulating special provisions for the protection of temporary "leftover children" during the epidemic prevention and control period should be added. Third, for the "leftover children" who are temporarily out of custody in epidemic areas, the state needs to allocate special to designate special national treatment institutions where children can receive unified treatment.