Teaching and research clinic name of Sultan Suleyman, Turkey. Blood consists of plasma and liquid portion disposed therein formed elements (red cells, white cells, platelets). Because of the volume of blood formed elements of the share falls to 40-45% in the plasma fraction of 55-60%. Cytopenia - a pathological condition which is characterized by decrease in any one of the elements of circulating blood (white blood cells, platelets and red blood cells), pancytopenia - a condition characterized by a decrease in the composition of all the elements and bitsitopeniya - a reduction of two elements of the blood that form its membership. Hypoplasia causes status data - reducing the amount of tissue or cellular elements of the organ or aplasia - the termination or breach of regeneration formed elements.When pancytopenia and bitsitopenii suffer lymphatic, immune and hematopoietic systems. Pathological processes among agencies undergo lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen and lymphoid tissue. Often it is accompanied by hyperplasia, dysplasia, necrosis of tissue and organ degeneration.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and hematological parameters in children with bitsitopeniey.The study was conducted from January to March 2012 in teaching and research hospital named after Sultan Suleiman. To accomplish our tasks in the study included 1272 patients in 58 (4.56%) which was identified bitsitopeniya. The age of patients ranged from 2 to 7 years. The boys were 30 (51.7%), 28 girls (48.3%).All patients underwent detailed investigations of hemogram, smear of peripheral blood, biochemical blood tests (urea, creatinine, ALT, AST, LDH, electrolytes sulfur kollesterol, triglycerides, etc.). These studies combined with other laboratory and instrumental methods of assessment of patients. Patients with bitsitopeniey with unknown etiology and detection in peripheral blood smear malignant cells or suspicious for malignancy held aspiration of cerebrospinal fluid.When a patient at the clinic main complaints were: in 27 (22%) fatigue, 21 (17.1%), fever 10 (8.1%), cough, sore throat, upper respiratory tract infection, in 10 (8.1%), bone pain in 9 (7.3%), abdominal pain, nausea and 9 (7.3%) skin in 7 (5.7%) patients with bleeding and 4 (3 3%) muscle pain 4 (3.3%), swelling in the neck, armpit in 2 (1.6%) rash and such complaints as the tremors, loss of consciousness, developmental delays, heart palpitations, swelling in the testicles, yellowness of the skin were in one patient (0.8%). The main clinical manifestations of patients with bitsitopeniey were as follows: 28 (18.3%), pallor in 22 (14.4%), lymphadenopathy, in 22 (14.4%), splenomegaly 19 (12.4%), fever 18 (11.8%), hepatomegaly 17 (11.1%) hyperemia throat, upper respiratory tract infection as to hypertrophy in 12 (7.8%), ecchymosis, in 2 (1.3%) was found rash. In identifying the smear from the 51.7% of patients with malignant cells or atypical cells suspicious for malignancy, 13.8% of viral contamination, 6.9% hypersegmentation neutrophils and macrocytosis, at 27.6% of children in the peripheral blood smear was not It revealed no pathological changes. Revealed pathological changes in the peripheral blood smear from 72.4% (n = 42) of patients with determining etiology bitsitopenii showed statistical significance. In 93.3% of patients with detected in a smear of blood cancer or atypical cells with a history of malignant disease was detected, which also revealed a statistically significant (p <0.05%).In the study of peripheral blood smear from 51.7% of the patients had malignant cells or atypical cells suspicious for malignancy and further inspection at 71.79% of these children were identified with acute lymphoblastic and acute myeloid leukemia. Conducting a study of peripheral blood smear in patients with bitsitopeniey has a special role in the diagnosis of malignant diseases.