Diagnosis Of Incontinence Research Articles

A word of caution in the functional monitoring of patients after rectal cancer surgery: a multicentre observational study

BackgroundPatients with rectal cancer often experience adverse effects on urinary, sexual, and digestive functions. Despite recognised impacts and available treatments, they are not fully integrated into follow-up protocols, thereby hindering appropriate interventions. The aim of the study was to discern the activities conducted in our routine clinical practice outside of clinical trials.MethodsThis multicentre, retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing rectal cancer surgery between January 2016 and January 2020 at six tertiary Spanish hospitals.ResultsA total of 787 patients were included. Two years post surgery, gastrointestinal evaluation was performed in 86% of patients. However, bowel movements per day were only recorded in 242 patients (46.4%), and the values of the Low Anterior Resection Syndrome (LARS) questionnaire were recorded in 106 patients (20.3%); 146 patients received a diagnosis of fecal incontinence (28.2%), while 124 patients were diagnosed with low anterior resection syndrome (23.8%). Urogenital evaluation was recorded in 21.1% of patients. Thirty-seven patients (5.1%) were detected to have urinary dysfunction, while 40 patients (5.5%) were detected to have sexual dysfunction. A total of 320 patients (43.9%) had their quality of life evaluated 2 years after surgery, and only 0.8% completed the Quality of Life questionnaire. Medication was the most used treatment for sequelae (26.9%) followed by referral to other specialists (15.1%).ConclusionsThere is a significant deficit in clinical follow-ups regarding the functional assessment of patients undergoing rectal cancer surgery. It is crucial to implement a postoperative functional follow-up protocol and to utilize technologies such as Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) to enhance the evaluation and treatment of these sequelae, thereby ensuring an improved quality of life for patients.

Description Of Urinary Incontinence And Psychosocial Problems In The Elderly In The Working Area Of Puskesmas Lanrisang Pinrang District

The increasing pace of life, social pressures and the aging population are causing urinary incontinence and psychosocial problems in the elderly to increase. Although not a fatal condition, urinary incontinence can impair mental health and reduce quality of life, as well as increase the risk of depression and anxiety. The study focused on knowing the description of urinary incontinence and psychosocial problems in the elderly in the working area of Puskesmas Lanrisang Pinrang Regency. This cross-sectional descriptive study involved 90 elderly respondents from the Lanrisang Health Centre, selected using purposive sampling based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected using validated questionnaires: the Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 (DASS 21). QUID was selected for its specificity in categorizing different types of urinary incontinence, making it a reliable tool for this population. Similarly, DASS 21 is well-regarded for its ability to measure stress, anxiety, and depression levels comprehensively, which are critical psychosocial factors examined in this study. These tools were chosen for their reliability in measuring urinary incontinence and psychosocial problems, with analysis performed using univariate methods. The results showed that the majority of respondents (40.0%) experienced mixed urinary incontinence. The prevalence of urinary incontinence in the elderly with moderate levels of stress, anxiety, and depression was higher compared to mild and severe levels of stress, anxiety, and depression.

Brazilian Portuguese Translation and Validation of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire-IUGA revised.

Condition-specific sexual questionnaires are important patient-reported outcome measures. The aim of this study was to translate and validate the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire-International Urogynecology Association Revised (PISQ-IR) into Brazilian Portuguese and to clinically validate it in a Brazilian Portuguese-speaking population. Translation and validation of the PISQ-IR was performed according to the International Urogynecological Association-recommended process and guidelines. For external validity, PISQ-IR subscales were compared with the clinical measures, Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification system (POP-Q) stage, pelvic floor muscle tone, and Oxford Grading Scale (Pearson correlations). Descriptive statistics, internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient), and test-retest reliability (interclass correlation coefficient) were calculated for all PISQ-IR subscales. A total of 120 sexually active and 106 not sexually active women were enrolled in the study between March 2015 and July 2019. Internal consistency was acceptable, with Cronbach's alpha values 0.60-0.80, except for the sexual arousal and orgasm, sexual arousal and partner-related issues, sexual arousal and condition-specific issues, global rating of sexual quality and condition impact subscales. PISQ-IR demonstrated good reliability (α > 0.6, CIC = 0.996). The agreement for each individual questionnaire item also individually presented substantial agreement between the assessments (κ 0.61-0.8). There was a correlation between PISQ-IR and POP, mixed, stress and fecal incontinence diagnosis and a positive correlation with pelvic floor muscle function according to the Oxford Scale in sexually active women. For sexually inactive women there was a correlation between PISQ-IR and mixed urinary symptoms. The Brazilian Portuguese version of PISQ-IR is a reliable and valid tool that can be easily used for the identification and assessment of sexual function in Brazilian Portuguese-speaking women with pelvic floor disorders.

Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Diagnosis of Stress Incontinence and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in Female Patient

Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Diagnosis of Stress Incontinence and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in Female Patient

Associations between running mechanics, functional lower extremity strength, and stress urinary incontinence in parous female runners.

Women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) may have altered running mechanics and reduced hip muscle strength compared to women without SUI. Little research has examined running metrics and functional lower extremity strength of parous runners. To determine if stress urinary incontinence (SUI) severity correlates with running metrics and lower extremity muscle strength among parous women. Cross-sectional observational study of 22 parous participants (mean age 39.8 years, with a mean of 3.4 pregnancies and 8.1 years interval since last delivery). Participants completed the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI), Urinary Distress Inventory (UDI) 6, Colorectal-Anal Distress (CRAD) Inventory 8, and Pelvic Organ Prolapse Distress Inventory (POPDI) 6, Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID), and provided demographic, relevant running, and obstetric/gynecologic history information. After a brief warm-up, participants completed 30-second single leg sit to stand tests bilaterally and a standardized 10-minute treadmill run with pod cadence assessment. Pearson-product moment correlation coefficients were calculated (alpha = 0.05). Prolonged ground contact times were associated with higher ICIQ-UI SF (r = 0.523, p = 0.015), POPDI-6 (r = 0.694, p < 0.001), and UDI-6 scores (r = 0.577, p = 0.006), while lower cadences were associated with higher POPDI-6 (r = -0.550, p = 0.010) and UDI-6 scores (r = -0.444, p=0.044). Parous female runners with more severe SUI and prolapse symptoms demonstrate altered running mechanics characterized by prolonged ground contact times and slower cadences.

Can Primigravid Stress Urinary Incontinence be Predicted by Translabial Urethral Motion Profile Ultrasonography?

Aims: To determine SUI prevalence and its association with urethral and bladder neck mobility among late third-trimester primigravid women. Introduction: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a relatively common urogynecological disorder in pregnant women that significantly disrupts their quality of life. Although its prevalence is increasing along with gestational age, there have been reports of underreporting due to various reasons. Therefore, a diagnostic modality is needed to determine the presence of SUI in such a population. Methods: A total of 209 late third-trimester primigravid women included in the study between November 2016 and July 2019 were examined by translabial ultrasound. Bladder neck descent (BND), retrovesical angle (RVA), urethral rotation (RoU) and funneling were observed in each patient. SUI was diagnosed using a cough stress test and Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID). Thirty-five subjects from each group were randomly selected for further analysis. Results: Among 209 late third-trimester primigravid women, SUI was observed in 57 patients (prevalence 27.3%). The RVA and funneling of the SUI group were significantly higher than the control group (P &lt; 0.05). The BND and RoU were similar between groups. Identified risk factors of SUI were body mass index &gt;23 kg/m2 and the presence of funneling in the translabial ultrasound. Conclusions: The prevalence of SUI among late third-trimester primigravid was 27.3%. Positive funneling and higher BMI were shown to be the independent risk factors for SUI.

Impact of Knack Manoeuvre Among Women with Urinary Incontinence: A Quasi Experimental Study

ABSTRACT Objective: The Objective of the study is to assess the effectiveness of Knack manoeuvre among women with urinary incontinence. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a repeated measures design was used to conduct study at Saveetha Medical College Hospital. Experimental group received Knack manoeuvre for 6 months and control group received routine care. The sample size was 100, which was recruited by purposive sampling technique. The data were collected with structured questionnaire, and questionnaire for urinary incontinence diagnosis and biophysiological parameters were assessed by abdominal leak peak pressure (ALPP). Results: The study results depict that frequency and percentage distribution of pretest and post-test level of ALPP. Between group comparison of post-test at 6 months of control and experimental showed significance (P &lt; 0.001). There was a progressive decrease in ALPP of control and experimental groups. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first prospective nonrandomized study that assesses the efficacy of the Knack manoeuvre on urine incontinence by assessing biophysiological parameters.

Deep learning–assisted two-dimensional transperineal ultrasound for analyzing bladder neck motion in women with stress urinary incontinence

BACKGROUNDNo universally recognized transperineal ultrasound parameters are available for evaluating stress urinary incontinence. The information captured by commonly used perineal ultrasound parameters is limited and insufficient for a comprehensive assessment of stress urinary incontinence. Although bladder neck motion plays a major role in stress urinary incontinence, objective and visual methods to evaluate its impact on stress urinary incontinence remain lacking. OBJECTIVETo use a deep learning–based system to evaluate bladder neck motion using two-dimensional transperineal ultrasound videos, exploring motion parameters for diagnosing and evaluating stress urinary incontinence. We hypothesized that bladder neck motion parameters are associated with stress urinary incontinence and are useful for stress urinary incontinence diagnosis and evaluation. STUDY DESIGNThis retrospective study including 217 women involved the following parameters: maximum and average speeds of bladder neck descent, β angle, urethral rotation angle, and duration of the Valsalva maneuver. The fitted curves were derived to visualize bladder neck motion trajectories. Comparative analyses were conducted to assess these parameters between stress urinary incontinence and control groups. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were employed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of each motion parameter and their combinations for stress urinary incontinence. RESULTSOverall, 173 women were enrolled in this study (82, stress urinary incontinence group; 91, control group). No significant differences were observed in the maximum and average speeds of bladder neck descent and in the speed variance of bladder neck descent. The maximum and average speed of the β and urethral rotation angles were faster in the stress urinary incontinence group than in the control group (151.2 vs 109.0 mm/s, P=0.001; 6.0 vs 3.1 mm/s, P <0.001; 105.5 vs 69.6 mm/s, P <0.001; 10.1 vs 7.9 mm/s, P=0.011, respectively). The speed variance of the β and urethral rotation angles were higher in the stress urinary incontinence group (844.8 vs 336.4, P <0.001; 347.6 vs 131.1, P <0.001, respectively). The combination of the average speed of the β angle, maximum speed of the urethral rotation angle, and duration of the Valsalva maneuver demonstrated a strong diagnostic performance (area under the curve, 0.87). When 0.481*β anglea + 0.013*URAm + 0.483*Dval = 7.405, the diagnostic sensitivity was 70% and specificity was 92%, highlighting the significant role of bladder neck motion in stress urinary incontinence, particularly changes in the speed of the β and urethral rotation angles. CONCLUSIONSA system utilizing deep learning can describe the motion of the bladder neck in women with stress urinary incontinence during the Valsalva maneuver, making it possible to visualize and quantify bladder neck motion on transperineal ultrasound. The speeds of the β and urethral rotation angles and duration of the Valsalva maneuver were relatively reliable diagnostic parameters.

The Effect of Eight-Week Kegel Exercise on Quality of Life in Postmenopausal Females with Urinary Incontinence

Introduction: Urinary incontinence (UI) is the leakage of urine which is often uncontrollable and can negatively impact on the quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to determine the effects of an eight-week of Kegel exercise as a complementary therapy on QoL in postmenopausal females with UI. Methods: The study design was a quasi-experimental pre-test post-test with a control group trial. The participants were Iranian women aged between 60 to 95 years with UI problems referring to medical centers in Najafabad city in Isfahan Province, Iran. Twenty four female UI patients were recruited and randomly divided into Kegel exercise (n = 12) and control group (n = 12). The Kegel group received exercise three times a week for eight-week, and the control group continued their routine life. The Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis and the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire were used for data collection. The variables were measured before and after the Kegel protocol in both groups. Descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance were used to assess variable differences between groups (p &lt; 0.05). Results: The mean age of UI patients was 70.83 ± 7.61 years old. Analysis of variance demonstrated a significant decrease in stress urinary incontinence symptoms (F = 61.88, p = 0.01), urge urinary incontinence symptoms (F = 111.56, p = 0.01), and UI symptoms (F = 88.20, p = 0.01), and significant increase in physical health (F = 28.93, p = 0.01), psychological health (F = 15.35, p = 0.01), social relationships (F = 18.83, p = 0.01), environment health (F = 155.51, p = 0.01), QoL (F = 132.07, p = 0.01) in Kegel exercise group. Conclusion: Kegel exercise can be an effective complementary therapy for improving QoL in postmenopausal female suffering from UI. Healthcare providers should consider recommending Kegel exercise as part of comprehensive treatment approach for postmenopausal female with UI to help alleviate symptoms and enhance their overall QoL.

Real-World Evidence From a Digital Health Treatment Program for Female Urinary Incontinence: Observational Study of Outcomes Following User-Centered Product Design.

Urinary incontinence (UI) affects millions of women with substantial health and quality-of-life impacts. Supervised pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is the recommended first-line treatment. However, multiple individual and institutional barriers impede women's access to skilled care. Evidence suggests that digital health solutions are acceptable and may be effective in delivering first-line incontinence treatment, although these technologies have not yet been leveraged at scale. The primary objective is to describe the effectiveness and safety of a prescribed digital health treatment program to guide PFMT for UI treatment among real-world users. The secondary objectives are to evaluate patient engagement following an updated user platform and identify the factors predictive of success. This retrospective cohort study of women who initiated device use between January 1, 2022, and June 30, 2023, included users aged ≥18 years old with a diagnosis of stress, urgency, or mixed incontinence or a score of >33.3 points on the Urogenital Distress Inventory Short Form (UDI-6). Users are prescribed a 2.5-minute, twice-daily, training program guided by an intravaginal, motion-based device that pairs with a smartphone app. Data collected by the device or app include patient-reported demographics and outcomes, adherence to the twice-daily regimen, and pelvic floor muscle performance parameters, including angle change and hold time. Symptom improvement was assessed by the UDI-6 score change from baseline to the most recent score using paired 2-tailed t tests. Factors associated with meeting the UDI-6 minimum clinically important difference were evaluated by regression analysis. Of 1419 users, 947 met inclusion criteria and provided data for analysis. The mean baseline UDI-6 score was 46.8 (SD 19.3), and the mean UDI-6 score change was 11.3 (SD 19.9; P<.001). Improvement was reported by 74% (697/947) and was similar across age, BMI, and incontinence subtype. Mean adherence was 89% (mean 12.5, SD 2.1 of 14 possible weekly uses) over 12 weeks. Those who used the device ≥10 times per week were more likely to achieve symptom improvement. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, baseline incontinence symptom severity and maximum angle change during pelvic floor muscle contraction were significantly associated with meeting the UDI-6 minimum clinically important difference. Age, BMI, and UI subtype were not associated. This study provides real-world evidence to support the effectiveness and safety of a prescribed digital health treatment program for female UI. A digital PFMT program completed with visual guidance from a motion-based device yields significant results when executed ≥10 times per week over a period of 12 weeks. The program demonstrates high user engagement, with 92.9% (880/947) of users adhering to the prescribed training regimen. First-line incontinence treatment, when implemented using this digital program, leads to statistically and clinically substantial symptom improvements across age and BMI categories and incontinence subtypes.

Effects of Internal Iliac Artery Ligation on Stress and Urge Incontinence: A Retrospective Evaluation.

Does bilateral internal iliac artery ligation (BIIAL), a fundamental intervention in the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage, increase the risk of urinary incontinence (UI)? This study aims to shed light on the effects of BIIAL on bladder perfusion and urinary system integrity, thereby elucidating urinary function disorders following pelvic surgery. Demographic and medical data were collected from a total of 192 female patients, with and without the application of BIIAL. Urinary incontinence conditions were assessed using the Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID) test. The data collection process was conducted according to ethical standards, and the results were analyzed to determine the types of incontinence. In the group that underwent BIIAL, the number of pregnancies and births was statistically higher compared to the control group. A significant effect of BIIAL was seen in cases of urge urinary incontinence (UUI), while no meaningful impact was detected on stress urinary incontinence (SUI). After the BIIAL procedure, an increase in the rate of urinary leakage was seen in certain cases. Bilateral internal iliac artery ligation has proven to be a safe and effective intervention in the management of postpartum hemorrhage. The findings suggest a potential impact of BIIAL on UUI but not on SUI. Comprehensive and long-term prospective studies are needed to further investigate the effects of BIIAL on pelvic blood flow and bladder functions.

Progress in diagnosis and treatment of giggle incontinence in children

Progress in diagnosis and treatment of giggle incontinence in children

Hemostat support of PUL for diagnosis of stress incontinence by permission of Professor Paolo Palma.

Hemostat support of PUL for diagnosis of stress incontinence by permission of Professor Paolo Palma.

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Impact on Quality of Life Due to Urinary Incontinence Among Palestinian Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common condition that affects females with variable incidence. Factors like age, obesity, weak pelvic floor, and pregnancy contribute to UI pathogenesis. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of UI and identify associated risk factors. A cross-sectional study recruited females aged 18-65 attending primary health care (PHC) centers. The collected data included demographic information and questionnaire scores for urinary incontinence diagnosis (QUID), International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence (ICIQ-UI), and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-Short Form (IIQ-7) scores. Three hundred and eleven females met our inclusion criteria, with 162 (52.1%) participants aged ≥ 42 years. Approximately 41.5% were college/university graduates, and 23.2% had an education level less than high school. Moreover, 108 (34.7%) participants were smokers, 223 (71.7%) drank coffee, and approximately 212 (68.2%) drank tea. Only 125 (40.2%) participants engaged in exercise at variable frequencies, and most of them exercised once per week. Approximately 27.3% of the participants had chronic medical illness with hypertension or diabetes mellitus (40 (12.9%) or 25 (8%), respectively). Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) was found among 152 (48.9%) participants, while urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) was found among 114 (36.7%) participants. Age ≥ 42, marital status, low educational level, unemployment, lack of physical activity, and chronic medical illnesses were significantly correlated with both SUI and UUI. There was a strong correlation between UI and the severity of symptoms and between UI and quality of life (QoL). The prevalence of UI is relatively high among Palestinian women. Many factors contributing to UI included age, marital status, the presence of other chronic medical diseases, and a lack of physical activity. Early detection and diagnosis are necessary to provide effective treatment and improve UI symptoms and QoL.

Urinary Incontinence, Its Risk Factors, and Quality of Life: A Prevalence Study, among Young Adult Women of Ahmedabad City, Gujarat

Context: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a chronic debilitating disease that is often underreported, but it has a significant impact on one’s quality of life (QoL) thus it is of public health importance. Aims: This study aims to find out the prevalence of UI among young adult women, its associated risk factors, and treatment-seeking behavior, QoL in affected women. Methods: It is a clinic-based observational study and simple random sampling conducted on 8th March 2022 in young adult women, A Prevalence of 285 women for the survey for urinary incontinence was taken, where 206 women between 30 to 45 age were included in the study on basis of answering appropriately with a response rate of 72.2%. women having urinary incontinence in their lifespan have filled out the Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID). Results: The result shows the descriptive characteristic of the study from 206 responses, prevalence rate shows 51% of women had suffered from urinary incontinence in their lifespan. women having urinary incontinence while coughing or sneezing is 20% rarely, 42% once in a while, 30% often, 6% most of the time, women’s having urinary incontinence while bending down or lifting something is 36% rarely, 29% once in a while, 23% often, 10% most of the time, women’s having urinary incontinence while walking quickly, jogging or exercising is 40% rarely, 31% once in a while, 20% often, 7% most of the time, women’s having urinary incontinence in their life span Conclusions: In conclusion, our result has shown that more than 50% of young adult women have suffered from urinary incontinence in their lifespan and need physiotherapy for the different types of urinary incontinence

The Prevalence of Incontinence and Its Association With Urinary Tract Infections, Dermatitis, Slips and Falls, and Behavioral Disturbances Among Older Adults in Medicare Fee-for-Service.

The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of urinary (UI), fecal (FI), and dual incontinence (DI) in older adults and their association with urinary tract infections, dermatitis, slips and falls, and behavioral disturbances based on Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) claims data. Retrospective analysis. Data from administrative claims from the CMS Medicare Limited Data Set (5% sample) for all months in 2018 were reviewed. The analysis was limited to FFS Medicare beneficiaries, with minimum of 3-month enrollment in Parts A and B who were at least 65 years old. This cohort included 1.2 million beneficiaries in the United States. We used diagnosis codes to identify members with incontinence and grouped these members into 3 categories (UI only, FI only, and DI). We also divided claims based on 4 sites of care (nursing home, skilled nursing facility, home health, and self- or family care). We then determined the prevalence of (1) urinary tract infections (UTIs), (2) dermatitis, (3) slips and falls, and (4) behavioral disturbances for each type of incontinence. We found that 11.2% of Medicare members had a claims-based diagnosis of incontinence in 2018. On average, those diagnosed with incontinence experienced 5 times more UTIs, 2 times as many dermatitis events, more than twice as many slips and falls, and 2.8 times more behavior disturbances compared to those without an incontinence diagnosis. For those with DI, the prevalence of the 4 outcomes was significantly higher (between 22% and 185%) compared to those with UI only. Findings show that Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed as incontinent experience a much higher prevalence of UTIs, dermatitis, slips and falls, and behavioral disturbances compared to those without a diagnosis of incontinence. Our results suggest that incontinence may be an important indicator diagnosis for multiple other conditions and, if not well-managed, may challenge the desire for those who are incontinent to age at home.

Faecal incontinence-a comprehensive review.

Faecal incontinence (FI) is a distressing and often stigmatizing condition characterised as the recurrent involuntary passage of liquid or solid faeces. The reported prevalence of FI exhibits considerable variation, ranging from 7 to 15% in the general population, with higher rates reported among older adults and women. This review explores the pathophysiology mechanisms, the diagnostic modalities and the efficiency of treatment options up to date. A review of the literature was conducted to identify the pathophysiological pathways, investigation and treatment modalities. This review provides an in-depth exploration of the intricate physiological processes that maintain continence in humans. It then guides the reader through a detailed examination of diagnostic procedures and a thorough analysis of the available treatment choices, including their associated success rates. This review is an ideal resource for individuals with a general medical background and colorectal surgeons who lack specialized knowledge in pelvic floor disorders, as it offers a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of faecal incontinence (FI).

The Effectiveness of Modified Pilates Program with and without Kinesiotaping on Postnatal Urinary Stress Incontinence: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Introduction: Urinary Stress Incontinence is very common condition seen in postnatal woman. Without pelvic floor strengthening this condition will lead to social inhibition. The rate of urinary stress incontinence is more in normal vaginal delivery compared to C-Section. Few authors have demonstrated the effectiveness of Kegal exercise and Pilates on such woman with urinary stress incontinence. There is dirth in the literature related to effect of Kinesiotaping in reduction of urinary stress incontinence.&#x0D; Research Objective: The objective of the research was to find out the effect of Kinesiotape along with the Modified Pilates program on subjects with postnatal urinary incontinence.&#x0D; Methodology: This is an experimental study with randomised clinical trial design and the study setting was Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagar Palike, and the included 50 postnatal women who underwent vaginal delivery. The sample was divided into two groups: Group A (25) were subjected to Modified Pilates Program with Kinesiotaping and Group B (25) were subjected to Modified Pilates Program alone. The intervention was conducted for 6 weeks. The outcome measures like: PERFECT Scheme, Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis and Urogenital Distress Inventory were assessed both pre and post therapy at 6th week.&#x0D; Results: Pre therapy both groups showed no statistical significance. Post therapy; Group A showed significant result with respect to all three outcome measures PERFECT (&lt;0.0001), QUID (&lt;0.001) and UDI (&lt;0.001) and Group B showed significance only with respect to PERFECT Scheme (&lt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: The study concluded that Modified Pilates will no doubt strengthen the pelvic floor muscle; but Kinesiotape addition to it will improve the strength by maintaining it and thus increasing the quality of life of the patient. Thus, using kinesiotape during the pelvic floor rehabilitation of Postnatal women with stress incontinence will provide benefit to the patient.&#x0D; Summary: The current article concludes that Modified Pilates will strengthen the pelvic floor because of the abdominal cylinder involved along with Kinesiotape will add on to reduction in urinary incontinence because of the stimulation of sacral plexus.

Progress in pathophysiology research and update on diagnosis and treatment strategies for fecal incontinence

The traditional barrier theory believes that fecal incontinence is related to an imbalance of the recto-anal barrier and the characteristics of stool. However, in clinical practice this theory proves unable to explain all types of fecal incontinence. In recent years, research on the mechanisms related to fecal incontinence has shifted to a new integrative concept with the rectum and anus as functional units, and the central-peripheral nervous system and internal and external anal sphincters as a control loop. The diagnosis and treatment strategy of fecal incontinence, which is replaced by sacral neuromodulation, is undergoing a quiet change. With the progressively aging population in China, the need to improve the diagnosis and treatment of fecal incontinence has become increasingly urgent. This article explores the trends in diagnosis and treatment and mechanism research from the perspective of recent advances in pathophysiological research and updated diagnosis and treatment methods for fecal incontinence.

Imaging of the pelvic floor (MR defecography) : The surgeon's perspective

Magnetic resonance defecography (MRD) plays acentral role in diagnosing pelvic floor functional disorders by visualizing the entire pelvic floor along with pelvic organs and providing functional assessment of the defecation process. Ashared understanding between radiology and surgery regarding indications and interpretation of findings is crucial for optimal utilization of MRD. This review aims to explain the indications for MRD from asurgical perspective and elucidate the significance of radiological findings for treatment. It intends to clarify for which symptoms MRD is appropriate and which criteria should be followed for standardized results. This is prerequisite to develop interdisciplinary therapeutic approaches. Acomprehensive literature search was conducted, including current consensus guidelines. MRD can provide relevant findings in the diagnosis of fecal incontinence and obstructed defecation syndrome, particularly in cases of pelvic floor descent, enterocele, intussusception, and pelvic floor dyssynergia. However, rectocele findings in MRD should be interpreted with caution in order to avoid overdiagnosis. MRD findings should never be considered in isolation but rather in conjunction with patient history, clinical examination, and symptomatology since morphology and functional complaints may not always correlate, and there is wide variance of normal values. Interdisciplinary interpretation of MRD results involving radiology, surgery, gynecology, and urology, preferably in the context of pelvic floor conferences, is recommended.