Diagnosis Of Hydatid Cyst Research Articles

Genotyping of Hydatid Cyst Isolated from Human and Domestic Animal in Babylon Province

The study involved 200 feces samples of cattle and sheep, in Babylon Governorate in Iraq. Used for diagnosis of hydatid cyst, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using specific primers and the method was the conventional PCR. Cattle and sheep was classified into subgroups according to age, area and sex in this study association of these risk factors with rate of infection. The diagnosis of hydatid cyst in cattle and sheep was determined by (pcr). study which are collected from human, sheep, cattle The prevalence of Hydatid Cysts infections was highest in Al-Qassim and western hamza districts which were 36.36b % (40) of cattle, 22.5a% (9) of sheep and 17.5a % (7) of cattle , 22.72b% (25) of sheep respectively , while the prevalence of Hydatid Cysts in Al-Hilla District was 18.18ab% (20) of cattle, 37.5c% (15) of sheep and the lower prevalence of was in Al-Musayyab and Al-mahaweel district which was 9.09a % (10) of cattle, 12.5ab % (5) of sheep and 13.63ab % (15) of cattle , 10b % (4) of sheep respectively. The results of present study were exhibited on high prevalence of in cattle and sheep of some districts in Babylon province. The statistical analysis recorded that there was Significant difference (at P<0.05) difference in the prevalence of parasite among geographical areas. In the present study the incidence of hydatid cysts was different according to age of the host. In sheep the incidence of hydatid cysts has a positive proportion to age of sheep; a high prevalence rate (45b%) was observed in age of sheep (1-2 years); while less prevalence rate observed in (>3) years ages (10a%),In cattle a higher rate (58.18b%) was recorded at ages (2-5 years) while a lower rate (3.63a%) was recorded in (>8) years with Highly significant difference at P<0.05 difference in the prevalence of parasite between age intervals. The result of infection with hydatidosis according to sex revealed that Females were exposed to infection more than males, with no significant difference at P<0.05 in sheep and cattle.

Systemic Complications of an Exceptional Case of Ruptured Left Intra-Ventricular Hydatid Cyst in a Child

Cardiac involvement in hydatid disease is exceptional but has a formidable prognosis. Cardiac localization of hydatidosis exposes to the dissemination of vesicles in the systemic circulation, especially when it is located on the left side. Its treatment is essentially surgical, which helps to avoid complications and the spread of the disease. We report the case of a 13-year-old patient with no particular pathological history, hospitalized for an ischemic stroke and limb ischemia, who was found to have a mass at the apex of the left ventricle on transthoracic cardiac ultrasound. The diagnosis of hydatid cyst was strongly suggested by the discovery of hydatid cyst membranes during the anatomopathological examination of the operative samples from the surgical thrombectomy of the left lower limb. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed a mycotic aneurysm, while serology for hydatid disease was negative. A medical treatment based on albendazole was initiated, but the patient died in a context of multi-visceral failure postoperatively after the cardiac mass excision performed under extracorporeal circulation.

Cystic Dilatations of the Bile Ducts: Differential Diagnosis of Hydatid Cyst of the Liver

Cystic Dilatations of the Bile Ducts: Differential Diagnosis of Hydatid Cyst of the Liver

Extrahepatic and extrapulmonary hydatid cysts as primary lesions

Background: Hydatid cyst disease, caused by the larval stage of the parasite Echinococcus granulosus, commonly affects the liver and lungs but can also manifest in various extrahepatic and extrapulmonary locations. Splenic hydatid disease, despite being rare, is the third most common location. This paper presents a case series highlighting the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies for patients with extrahepatic and extrapulmonary hydatid cysts. Several studies already postulated on sites of hydatid cysts which have statistically significant results. Methods: Patients who were operated on for hydatid disease or cystic lesions, which were later diagnosed as hydatid disease, between September 2022-August 2023 were retrieved retrospectively. Patients with lesions localized outside the liver and the lung as well as in liver and lung were enrolled in the study. Fifty-Two patients with extra-hepatic primary hydatid disease were treated surgically at our clinic. The cysts were located in different part of body. Results has undergone statistical methods like Z-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Any patient of any gender admitted with diagnosis of hydatid cyst in any part of body with age >18 but less than 70 years irrespective of any comorbidities. Results: Surgical techniques like partial or total cystectomy with or without tube drainage are good option for management of extrahepatic and extrapulmonary primary hydatid cysts. There were no complications or mortality in the postoperative period. Hydatid cyst is considered in the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions, especially in endemic areas. Surgical technique planned according to the location of the cyst. Conclusions: Cystectomy is a surgical option in extrahepatic and extrapulmonary hydatid cyst which is evaluate better in this study.

Ovarian Hydatid Cyst: Case Report

Background: Hydatid disease is a zoonotic condition caused by the adult or the larval form of Echinococcus granulosus or less commonly Echinococcus multilocularis. The clinical presentation depends on the site of involvement. Many cases are not symptomatic and may be discovered accidentally. Hydatid cyst of the ovary is an extremely rare presentation that accounts for 0.2–1% of the diagnosed cases. It may be mistaken for ovarian cysts or cystic tumors of the ovary. The diagnosis is often based on the couple ultrasound-hydatid serology, but only the histopathological study can confirm the diagnosis of ovary hydatid cyst. Case report: A 40-years-old woman (G4P4), consulting for lower abdominal pain and frequent urination for the last 3 months. The clinical examination was normal besides a discrete pain in the supra-pubic region. Ultrasound of the abdomen showed evidence of cystic mass on the left ovary. A computerized tomography scan of the abdomen revealed the same lesion with no enhancement after contrast injection. In laparotomy we found a latero-uterine cystic lesion measuring approximately 6,5x3,5x4,7 cm there was evidence of a hydatid cyst of the left ovary. The treatment consisted on aspiration with injection of chlorhexidine. The patient underwent a hysterectomy with salpingo-oophorectomy with simple postoperative course. The diagnosis of hydatid cyst was confirmed through histopathological examination. Conclusion: The diagnosis of hydatic ovarian cyst is often based on the couple ultrasound-hydatid serology, but only the histopathological study can confirm the diagnosis The surgical treatment depends on the volume and location of the cysts. Hysterectomy remains the treatment of choice to avoid recurrences. Medical treatment is only necessary when the excision is incomplete or for multiple locations.

Thoracic hydatid cyst: A rare case CT and MRI finding

Hydatid cyst is a worldwide zoonosis. The lungs and liver are the most common sites involved. Extrapulmonary intrathoracic hydatid cysts may include the pleural cavity, fissures, mediastinum, heart, vascular structures, chest wall, and diaphragm. Radiological imaging plays a pivotal role not only in the diagnosis of hydatid cysts but also in the visualization of the extent of involvement and complications. We report a case of a 47-year-old female with a history of chronic pyothorax tuberculosis, treated with antitubercular therapy and a left pneumonectomy in 1998. She complained of chest pain with mild shortness of breath and loss of appetite. CT and MRI showed a voluminous solid cystic process within the left pneumonectomy cavity with extrathoracic and intra-abdominal extension.

An incidental diagnosis of an unusually located echinococcus alveolaris.

Hydatid cyst disease is a zoonotic infection caused by the genus Echinococcus. Hydatid cysts are usually located in the liver or lungs whereas the brain is an unusual location. A 45-year-old male patient was diagnosed with an intracranial mass suggesting a metastasis in the frontal region shown in the cranial computed tomography (CT) scan following a cranial trauma. The histological evaluation revealed an acellular laminated lesion surrounded with reactive changes, compatible with a cuticle. These findings were evaluated in favour of a hydatid cyst caused by Echinococcus multilocularis. Alveolar echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the genus Echinococcus multilocularis. Hydatid cyst is a common public health issue in the countries where livestock farming is common. Primary or metastatic tumours and abscesses should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hydatid cysts regardless of their location.

Challenges and Prospective of Enhancing Hydatid Cyst Chemotherapy by Nanotechnology and the Future of Nanobiosensors for Diagnosis.

Hydatid cysts have been widely recognized for decades as a common medical problem that affects millions of people. A revolution in medical treatment may be on the prospect of nanotechnology enhancing chemotherapy against hydatid cysts. An overview of nanotechnology's impact on chemotherapeutics is presented in the current review. It discusses some of the challenges as well as some of the opportunities. The application of nanotechnology to enhance chemotherapy against hydatid cysts is what this review will explore. Nanotechnology is a critical component of delivering therapeutic agents with greater precision and efficiency and targeting hydatid cysts with better efficacy, and minimizing interference with surrounding tissue. However, there are biodistribution challenges, toxicity, and resistance problems associated with nanotherapeutics. Additionally, nanobiosensors are being investigated to enable the early diagnosis of hydatid cysts. A nanobiosensor can detect hydatid cysts by catching them early, non-invasively, rapidly, and accurately. The sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests can be enhanced with nanobiosensors because they take advantage of the unique properties of nanomaterials. By providing more precise and customized treatment options for hydatid cysts, nanotechnology may improve therapeutic options and strategies for diagnosing the disease. In conclusion, treatment with nanotechnology to treat hydatid cysts is potentially effective but presents many obstacles. Furthermore, nanobiosensors are being integrated into diagnostic techniques, as well as helping to diagnose patients earlier and more accurately.

Apical pulmonary hydatid cyst: About a rare cause of Pancoast syndrome

Objectives: Our purpose is to illustrate the radiological aspects of an apical hydatid cyst as a rare cause of Pancoast Tobias syndrome. Material: We report the case of a 35 years-old man, who was admitted to our department with a Pancoast tobias syndrome. Results: The patient presented to our department with a history of shoulder and right chest pain radiating downward toward the ulnar side of his homolateral arm. He also reported hemoptysis and hydatidemesis (hydatid cysts and membranes in the vomitus). Radiological investigations suggested the diagnosis of hydatid cyst of the left lung apex which was confirmed by surgical excision and pathological examination of the lesion. This case highlights an uncommon etiology of Pancoast syndrome which might mislead physicians in their practice. Conclusion: In conclusion, a primary hydatid cyst should be considered in the differential diagnosis of Pancoast's syndrome especially in endemic regions. Unlike Pancoast tumors, this benign lesion has a very favourable prognosis and good surgical results.

Hepatic teratoma: Case Report

Hepatic teratoma is an extremely rare tumour. Since 1898 only 28 cases of hepatic teratoma have been reported in the literature, including 21 in pediatrics. The diagnosis is often confirmed by the anatomopathological study and the therapeutic approach is multidisciplinary based essentially on surgery. We report the case of a 45-year-old woman with a history of ductal carcinoma of the right breast for which she underwent surgery. The patient presented with pain in the right hypochondrium, a diagnosis of hydatid cyst of the liver was made based on a cystic image of the right liver on ultrasound. It showed a heterogeneous thin-walled cystic image in the right liver suggesting a type IV hydatid cyst. The MRI was in favor of a fluid lesion of the hepatic dome evoking a remodeled hydatid cyst. During surgery, the liver was found of normal size and segment VIII is the seat of an oval formation 70/60 mm in diameter. A resection of the cystic formation with a closed cyst was performed. Histological analysis concluded with the diagnosis of mature teratoma with no signs of malignancy. After a follow-up of 12 years, the patient is in good health and without recurrence.

Dr. Ziauddin Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan

Hydatid cysts, caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus Granulosus, are rare in the musculoskeletal system. We present a unique case of a hydatid cyst found in the proximal femur / hip joint of a patient with an implanted hip prosthesis. A 75-years old male with a history of cemented Hemi-arthroplasty (Thompson prosthesis) presented with hip pain and limited (painful) range of motion of the hip. Radiologically osteolysis was appreciated, suggestive of implant loosening. Surgical intervention was done. Per-operative cystic lesions were found. Clinical diagnosis of Hydatid disease was made and the cysts were successfully treated with Hypertonic saline and albendazole. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of Hydatid cyst. This case highlights the importance of considering Hydatid cyst as a rare, differential diagnosis in patients even with a prosthetic joint, residing especially in endemic regions of the world, which would require multidisciplinary approach for their management.

Hydatid Disease: A Radiological Pictorial Review of a Great Neoplasms Mimicker

Hydatid cyst is a common name for the larval stage of a tapeworm species of Echinococcus granulosus, which is transmitted from animals to humans via the fecal-oral route. Hydatid cysts predominantly affect the liver (75%), followed by the lung (15%), and they can affect many organs in the human body. Medical imaging modalities are the keystone for the diagnosis of hydatid cysts with high sensitivity and specificity. Ultrasound imaging with high resolution is the first choice for diagnosis, differential diagnosis, staging, establishing a role in interventional management, and follow-up, and it can differentiate Type I hydatid cysts from simple liver cysts. Unenhanced computed tomography (CT) is indicated where or when an ultrasound is unsatisfactory, such as with chest or brain hydatid cysts, when detecting calcification, and in obese patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is superior for demonstrating cyst wall defects, biliary communication, neural involvement, and differentiating hydatid cysts from simple cysts using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences. According to the phase of growth, hydatid cysts occur in different sizes and shapes, which may mimic benign or malignant neoplasms and may create diagnostic challenges in some cases. Hydatid cysts can mimic simple cysts, choledochal cysts, Caroli's disease, or mesenchymal hamartomas of the liver. They can mimic lung cystic lesions, mycetoma, blood clots, Rasmussen aneurysms, and even lung carcinomas. Differential diagnosis can be difficult for arachnoid cysts, porencephalic cysts, pyogenic abscesses, and even cystic tumors of the brain, and can create diagnostic dilemmas in the musculoskeletal system.

Different presentations of hydatid cyst and its management – A prospective and observational study in a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata

Background: Hydatid disease of liver is quite common disease in Eastern India, though not very frequently reported. The diagnosis of hydatid cyst is often difficult because of its initial modes of presentation. Aims and Objectives: The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the different clinical presentation, surgical management options, and complications if any after operation in a tertiary care center. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted with 30 patients (Male 17 and Female 13 with a mean age of 41.23 years) who were diagnosed of having hydatid cyst of liver. Results: The presenting symptoms that were found pain abdomen (22 cases), abdominal lump/mass (16 cases), cholangitis (five cases), jaundice (two cases), constitutional (anorexia, nausea, and malaise two cases), and fever (18 cases). Deroofing and omentoplasty and wound drainage (12 cases), partial pericystectomy (nine cases), pericystic-cystectomy (six cases), marsupialization (two cases), and one case was managed nonoperatively. Post-operative complications were – biliary fistula (two cases), post-operative cholangitis (two cases), surgical site infections (two cases), and retained cyst (one case). Conclusion: A high index of suspicion is always recommended when an adult patient comes with pain abdomen and abdominal mass. Different surgical methods, for example, deroofing and omentoplasty with wound drainage, partial pericystectomy, and pericystic-cystectomy can be applied. To establish the definite surgical management, many more randomized and controlled studies are needed.

Report a rare case of pulmonary hydatid cyst which present as massive pleural effusion

Common cause of massive pleural effusions (MPE) are malignancy, tuberculosis and parapneumonic effusion,. Parasitic infections are very rare causes of (MPE). Echinococcosis or hydatid disease is a major public health problem in poor hygienic country in the world. The liver is most common organ involved and lungs are the secound most frequently involved organs. Pulmonary hydatid cyst appears to be more common in younger individuals. Echinococcus granulosus is most common type and Echinococcus multilocularis hydatid cyst causes alveolar hydatid cyst, which accounts for <5%of all cases of hydatid disease of liver and less frequently cause of lung cyst. Here, we present an unusual and very rare case of echinococcosis pulmonary hydatid cysts mimicking and present as (MPE) with delay diagnosis. After antero-lateral thoracotomy. Diagnosis of hydatid cyst confirmed, patient was discharged with good condition.

Pulmonary Hydatid Cyst in Children and Adults: Diagnosis and Management.

Hydatid cyst disease induced by Echinococcus granulosus is a parasitic disease known since ancient times. Today, it continues to be seen in many countries and creates serious problems. The lung is the second most frequently affected organ by hydatid cysts after the liver. Lung involvement is more prevalent in children than adults, and the growth of the cyst is faster in children. Hydatid cysts are mostly seen in the right lower lobe of the lung. Common symptoms are chest pain, cough, and shortness of breath, with the most diagnostic symptom being the expectoration of cyst fluid or membranes. In endemic areas, the diagnosis of hydatid cysts can usually be made easily by clinical findings, serology tests, and radiological findings. When the hydatid cyst ruptures and becomes complicated, it is clinically and radiologically confused with many diseases, especially lung cancer. Surgery is accepted as primary treatment of lung hydatid cysts all over the world. The surgical approach is related to several factors such as the size of the cyst, whether it is intact or complicated, unilateral or bilateral, solitary or multiple, and the presence of destruction of the lung parenchyma. Although it is stated by some surgeons that capitonnage is not required, the most frequently applied surgical technique is cystotomy and capitonnage. Pulmonary resection should be avoided as much as possible, particularly in children. Albendazole or mebendazole treatment in pulmonary hydatid cyst is generally used after surgery and to prevent recurrences.

Evaluation Of Serological, Biochemical And Imaging Findings With Hydatid Cyst Patients

Objective: Hydatid cyst is a serious disease caused. The liver (50-70%) and, less frequently, the lungs (18-35%), are affected most. Diagnosis is made by evaluating the patient's clinical history, imaging findings, and serologic and immunologic tests together. Ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging are used as imaging methods. Most classifications are made according to imaging findings. We aimed to present our experience by evaluating the relationship between age, sex, location and size of cysts, stage, indirect hemagglutination test, and laboratory and imaging findings in patients with hydatid cyst. Methods and Material: Retrospectively, We have evaluated the demographic data, laboratory examinations and imaging from 60 patient with diagnosis of hydatid cyst. These results were analyzed to assess and compared with each other. Results: The most commonly affected age group was 25-45 years. The most frequently involved lobe was the right lobe and segment 6. No caudate lobe involvement was detected. There was no elevation of eosinophil count in patients with extrahepatic involvement. Conclusions: The combination of clinical history, radiological and serological test results is valuable in the diagnosis of hydatid cyst. In addition, the presence of multiple cysts should be investigated in patients with high eosinophil value. The possibility of multiple cysts in the liver should be kept in mind in hydatid cyst patients with elevated aspartate transaminase level.

Hydatid Cyst of the Liver: About a Case at the Digestive and General Surgery Department of the University Hospital of Bouaké (Côte d’Ivoire)

Hydatid cyst of the liver (KHF) is a parasitic condition caused by the development of the larval form of the dog tapenia Echinococcus granulosus. In sub-Saharan Africa, few writings are interested in this pathology, which remains common and constitutes a public health problem in highly endemic countries [1] [2]. We report the observation of a 61-year-old hypertensive patient owner of a dog admitted for abdominal pain without abdominal mass. In whom ultrasound and computed tomography have made it possible to make the diagnosis of hydatid cyst of the liver (KHF). The patient underwent surgery. We performed an associated conservative treatment post-operative albendazole. The post-operative follow-up was simple. In our patient the evolution was good after a setback of more than 2 months. Through this observation and a review of the literature, we insist on the contribution of imaging in diagnosis and treatment, which is essentially surgical.

CURRENT MODE OF TREATMENT OF THE HEPATIC HYDATID CYST

Purpose: The aim of the study is to analyze the clinical symptoms, surgical approach and postoperative complications of patients with hydatid cysts of the liver in UMHATEM “N.I.Pirogov”. Material and Methods: A total of 39 patients with a diagnosis of hydatid cyst of the liver were admitted to the hospital for a two-year period from 01.01.2019 to 01.01.2021 in the Department of General, Visceral and Emergency Surgery at UMHATEM "Pirogov". Confirmation of diagnosis was based on history, physical examination, laboratory results, ultrasound and CT. Of those hospitalized women were 14 (35.9%), men 25 (64.1%). Results: Тopographically,27 of the cases (69.23%) with liver cysts were located in the right lobe and 12 (30.77%) of them-in the left lobe of the liver. The diameter of the cysts varied from 7 cm-35 cm. There were two groups of patients. With multiple cyst were 29 (74.36%) of the cases, while the group of the single cyst were 10 (25.64%). The operating time varied between 49 and 135 minutes (average 57.4 minutes). The hospital stay ranged from 4 days to 9 days (average 7.1 days). Conclusion: The surgical approach of hydatid liver cyst with the appropriate election of the different therapy opportunities according to the size, number, and location of cysts in the liver, combined with medical therapy, remains the favorable solution.

A CASE SERIES ON SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF HYDATID CYST OF LIVER IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE OF EASTERN INDIA

Introduction: Hydatidosis, a zoonotic disease is still of major concern in developing countries. Although it can involve any organ, liver is most commonly affected. The diagnosis, apart from the varied history and physical signs, involves specic serological tests and radiological techniques. We present this case series to describe our institutional experience in managing this condition. This series was conducted at a Methodology: tertiary care center of eastern India from January 2021 to July 2022. All patients managed surgically with a denitive diagnosis of hydatid cyst of liver on computerised tomography (CT) scan with or without symptoms were included in the study. Open or laparoscopic cyst excision was performed and postoperatively followed till 3 months. The series had a male predomi Results: nance (72%) with 46.7 years being the mean age. Abdominal pain was the most consistent presenting complain (100%) followed by abdominal mass (40%). Right lobe of liver was involved in 76% cases. Surgical site infection (16%) followed by biliary leak (12%) was the most common postoperative complication encountered. The mean length of hospital stay was 10.1 days with 2 cases presenting with recurrence in the 3 month follow up period. This series highlights Conclusion: the clinical presentation, preoperative diagnosis and management of liver hydatidosis with an emphasis on the need of clinical suspicion. A knowledge of surgical approaches and post operative complications is necessary to appropriately tackle such cases.

Pitfalls in the surgical treatment of undiagnosed lung lesions and cystic pulmonary hydatidosis

BackgroundHydatid cysts can mimic many lung pathologies radiologically, as well as some malignant or benign lung tumors may show hydatid cyst-like radiological features. The aim of our study is to present our clinical experience and recommendations by analyzing the cases that create diagnostic difficulties by presenting a common radiological pattern with a pulmonary hydatid cyst.MethodsThe patients who were operated on with a preliminary diagnosis of hydatid cyst but were diagnosed differently, and who were operated on with different prediagnoses and unexpectedly diagnosed with hydatid cyst were included in the study. The clinical and radiological features of the patients were documented, and the features of the cases that could cause difficulties in diagnosis and treatment for the surgeon were revealed.ResultsA total of 20 patients who were radiologically suggestive of hydatid cyst but were diagnosed differently or unexpectedly diagnosed as hydatid cyst were included in the study. Lung cancer, bronchogenic cyst, or bronchiectasis were detected in 13 patients who were radiologically suggestive of hydatid cyst. There were 7 patients who were diagnosed with hydatid cysts, although they did not have specific radiological findings.ConclusionsWhile hydatid cysts can mimic many lung pathologies, many benign or malign parenchymal lung pathologies may exhibit hydatid cyst-like radiological features. Therefore, in regions where a hydatid cyst is endemic, the surgeon should consider all possibilities while managing the cases.Clinical registration number: Institutional Review Board of the Dr Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery Education and Research Center (No. 49109414-604.02).