Diagnosis Of Febrile Disease Research Articles

Modelling Differential Diagnosis of Febrile Diseases with Fuzzy Cognitive Map.

The report of the World Health Organization (WHO) about the poor accessibility of people living in low-to-middle-income countries to medical facilities and personnel has been a concern to both professionals and nonprofessionals in healthcare. This poor accessibility has led to high morbidity and mortality rates in tropical regions, especially when such a disease presents itself with confusable symptoms that are not easily differentiable by inexperienced doctors, such as those found in febrile diseases. This prompted the development of the fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) model to serve as a decision-support tool for medical health workers in the diagnosis of febrile diseases. With 2465 datasets gathered from four states in the febrile diseases-prone regions in Nigeria with the aid of 60 medical doctors, 10 of those doctors helped in weighting and fuzzifying the symptoms, which were used to generate the FCM model. Results obtained from computations to predict diagnosis results for the 2465 patients, and those diagnosed by the physicians on the field, showed an average of 87% accuracy for the 11 febrile diseases used in the study. The number of comorbidities of diseases with varying degrees of severity for most patients in the study also covary strongly with those found by the physicians in the field.

Adoption and utilization of medical decision support systems in the diagnosis of febrile Diseases: A systematic literature review

Medical decision support systems (MDSS) utilized for medical diagnosis aim to improve patient care; they do so by simulating the human cognitive process in order to arrive at a valid clinical conclusion. Medical decision support systems play a significant role in promoting an efficient and effective health care system. However, the adoption and usage of these systems in daily medical practice have been slow due to a lack of physician confidence in the systems and concerns about the erosion of professional autonomy, obscure physicians’ role, and diminished physician-patient relationships. Despite successes in the development of decision support systems, there is still a low adoption and utilization of MDSSs. This study reviews the development, adoption, and utilization of MDSSs in diagnosing Febrile Diseases between 2008 - 2020. We carried out a systematic literature review on the adoption and utilization of MDSS in diagnosing Febrile Diseases using guidelines provided in literature for systematic reviews and a PRISMA flow to guide paper selection, inclusion, and exclusion criteria. Three reviewers independently carried out literature searches on selected databases for MDSS to diagnose febrile diseases. After the initial searches, the reviewers cross-checked the results, and disagreements were resolved through mutual agreements. The reviewers extracted the data based on an agreed template, and a separate set of reviewers cross-checked this. The extracted data was then synthesized, analyzed, and split into various themes to answer the research questions. We identified 113 papers on MDSS development and utilization and 15 papers on studies relating to the adoption of MDSS. The analysis revealed that Fuzzy Logic was the most prevalent model of MDSS in use, while most models discussed in the papers were unimplemented. The results show that the main reason for proposing these models was to improve accuracy and precision. The main factors influencing the adoption of these models by medical facilities were usefulness, relative advantage, and ease of use. However, the reasons for adopting MDSS by the medical facilities were not expressed in 50% of the studies. In contrast, most of those who adopted MDSS disclosed that it was used to improve effectiveness and adherence to guidelines. Finally, compared to WHO statistics, it was determined that the number of papers did not correspond to the disease burden in the research continents. Although considerable research has been carried out on the adoption and utilization of MDSS, there is a paucity of research on implemented models of MDSS. Despite the advances in MDSSs and their accuracy in diagnosing diseases, many developed models have remained unimplemented in clinical practice. Future studies should focus on encouraging the actual usage of existing models that have not been implemented and conducting research on diseases with a high burden in their context. Governments and medical facility managers need to implement new policies, guidelines, and a support structure that will encourage the adoption and actual usage of MDSS in daily medical practice.

Skin manifestation and diagnosis of febrile diseases by COVID-19 and other ribonucleic acid viruses: The diagnostic clues

Many febrile diseases caused by ribonucleic acid virus infection demonstrate cutaneous manifestations with preceding prodromes. This review provides a flowchart highlighting the diagnostic clues of viral exanthem. Besides febrile prodromes, patients with chikungunya virus have severe arthralgias and macular hyperpigmentation on the noses. Coronavirus disease 2019 demonstrates unique acrocyanosis and pseudofrostbite besides erythematous rash and urticaria, suggesting abnormal coagulation. Dengue fever should be suspected when patients in the tropical region present with biphasic fever, headache, retroorbital pain, and centrifugal morbilliform rash. Dengue hemorrhagic fever, a potentially fatal complication, results from systemic vascular leakage. High-temperature fever and sudden-onset severe headache raise the possibility of Ebola virus infection. Patients with hand-foot-and-mouth disease may experience morbilliform or vesicular eruption, especially over the hands, feet, and oral mucosa. In acute human immunodeficiency virus infection, maculopapular eruptions often appear on the face and neck after prodromes. Primary human T-lymphotropic-III virus infection can induce widespread maculopapular or roseola-like exanthem, sparing the hands and feet. Cutaneous manifestations of rotavirus include generalized maculopapular rash, Sweet's syndrome, Henoch–Schonlein purpura, Gianotti–Crosti syndrome, and acute hemorrhagic edema. Rubella is usually suspected when low-grade fever and lymphadenopathy are accompanied by a discrete pinpoint-sized maculopapular rash, which spreads and diminishes faster than measles. Cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis followed by morbilliform eruptions and Koplik's spots are diagnostic of measles. Exanthem of Zika virus comprised of small pruritic papules that extend downwards. Laboratory testing is helpful in making a definitive diagnosis. Viral isolation, measurement of immunoglobulin M (IgM) or IgG, and/or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction are useful diagnostic tools with favorable sensitivity and specificity.

Corrigendum: Skin manifestation and diagnosis of febrile diseases by COVID-19 and other ribonucleic acid viruses: The diagnostic clues

Corrigendum: Skin manifestation and diagnosis of febrile diseases by COVID-19 and other ribonucleic acid viruses: The diagnostic clues

Adulter Morbus Still, Fieber, Diagnose und Therapie

Adult onset Still's disease (AOSD) with an incidence of 1-3 cases per 1 million belongs to the most difficult diagnosis of febrile diseases. The lack of biomarkers and its similarity to infectious and malignant and rheumatic diseases lead to a prolongation of its diagnosis. The following report focuses on providing an overview of the current knowledge of relevant symptoms and laboratory parameters for the diagnosis of AOSD and new treatment possibilities.

Beta-herpesviruses in febrile children with cancer.

We conducted a cross-sectional study of beta-herpesviruses in febrile pediatric oncology patients (n = 30), with a reference group of febrile pediatric solid-organ transplant recipients (n = 9). One (3.3%) of 30 cancer patients and 3 (33%) of 9 organ recipients were PCR positive for cytomegalovirus. Four (13%) of 30 cancer patients and 3 (33%) of 9 transplant recipients had human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) DNAemia, which was more common within 6 months of initiation of immune suppression (4 of 16 vs. 0 of 14 cancer patients; p = 0.050). HHV-6A and HHV-7 were not detected. No other cause was identified in children with HHV-6B or cytomegalovirus DNAemia. One HHV-6B-positive cancer patient had febrile disease with concomitant hepatitis. Other HHV-6B-positive children had mild "viral" illnesses, as did a child with primary cytomegalovirus infection. Cytomegalovirus and HHV-6B should be included in the differential diagnosis of febrile disease in children with cancer.