Diagnosis Of Disease In Children Research Articles

Clinical and Anthropometric Profile of Children with Celiac Disease in Punjab (North India)

This prospective study was carried out to evaluate the clinical and anthropometric profile of 71 children confirmed to have celiac disease on the basis of clinical features, duodenal biopsy and unequivocal improvement on gluten-free diet. Serological tests were performed in 35 cases. The patients were divided into three age groups <5 years, 5-10 years, and >10 years as per the age of presentation to the hospital. Mean age was 8.7 years with a slight female preponderance. Diarrhea was the commonest presentation in group I and failure to thrive in group III. All patients in group III, had weight for age (w/a) <3rd percentile and majority (83 per cent) had short stature, with delayed puberty in all. All children had significant improvement in symptoms and growth on gluten restriction. None of the patients had been suspected to have celiac disease before, which signifies that in spite of increasing incidence of celiac disease, this disease is grossly under-diagnosed in North India where wheat is the staple diet. It is essential to make an early diagnosis of celiac disease in children to prevent growth delay.

0015 Diagnosis of mitochondrial diseases in children

0015 Diagnosis of mitochondrial diseases in children

Late Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Disease in Children: Anosognosia by Proxy

Anosognosia is a term now generally defined as a failure to recognize the existence of disease processes, particularly those with a neurological basis. Denial of illness has been recognized in a large number of disorders, and is generally thought to have not only a central nervous system basis, but to also be influenced by the psychological processes of denial. This disorder has been reported in the adult population, and there are initial suggestions that it exists in children/adolescents.We propose to extend the concept of anosognosia to the caregivers of children who suffer significant dementia, and extended degeneration in neuro-psychological and neurological functioning. We term this syndrome anosognosia by proxy. Three case examples are presented in which parents, teachers, and health care professionals observed extended deterioration in a child/adolescent’s level of functioning prior to seeking appropriate diagnostic evaluations. Possible explanations for this process are advanced, including a combination of insidious onset coupled with the intimate nature of the child/parent relationship. The need for professional, teacher, and parent education on the nature of childhood degenerative neurological disorders is emphasized.

Transglutaminase not foolproof in diagnosis of celiac disease in children

Transglutaminase not foolproof in diagnosis of celiac disease in children

Celiac disease diagnosis in children: Usefulness of in vitro gliadin challenge

Celiac disease diagnosis in children: Usefulness of in vitro gliadin challenge

Cerebrovascular disorders and trauma in children.

Our ability to identify cerebrovascular lesions in children has improved in recent years and with it our willingness to consider the diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease in children. Magnetic resonance angiography and other tests have made diagnosis easier and safer, particularly in very young children and in patients with sickle cell disease. Transcranial Doppler examination makes it possible to accurately predict without angiography which patients with sickle cell disease are at most risk for stroke. Many patients with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes (MELAS) syndrome have a specific mutation of the mitochondrial DNA, and soon the recently devised diagnostic criteria for MELAS syndrome may be replaced by molecular markers. There are many causes of cerebrovascular disease in children, and a thorough evaluation will discover a likely cause in about two thirds of the patients. Recent attention has focused on the HLA-B51 antigen and chicken pox as possible risk factors. Magnetic resonance imaging is also helpful in assessing the prognosis of children with cerebrovascular disease or head trauma.

Marginal periodontal lesions in children with maxillofacial anomalies

To diagnose periodontal disease and assess the effectiveness of treatment such methods of examination as X-ray diagnosis and reoparodontography are used. Of particular value is X-ray diagnosis, which allows to objectively determine the condition of the alveolar appendix bone tissue and the body of the jaw. Reoparodontography is very informative in the diagnosis of periodontal diseases in children, as it provides an opportunity to record the sprinkles for a long time and continuously without disturbing the physiological conditions of the studied area.

Diagnosis of Allergy: In Vitro Testing

Relatively few laboratory tests are of proven value in the differential diagnosis and management of allergic diseases. Immunoassays for IgE and for IgE antibodies are the mainstays. Measurement of IgE in serum is advocated as a first-order laboratory test in the differential diagnosis of allergic disease in children and adults. The usefulness of laboratory tests for IgE antibodies in serum, once a subject of debate in the clinical allergy literature, is now firmly established. Confusion, in respect to the use of these tests, is most evident in clinical situations which have been the subject of limited clinical investigation, e.g., the use of tests for IgE antibodies to screen for allergic disease, the indications for their use in patients treated with allergen immunotherapy, and the diagnostic specificity of IgE antibodies to foods as an indicator of food-induced allergic symptoms. Confusion is also apparent in the interpretation of borderline test results, i.e., results which may indicate the presence of low titers of IgE antibodies, and in defining the optimum format for reporting results to maximize the analytical sensitivity of the test method. This review addresses the ambiguities noted above in the interpretation of results. The paragraphs that follow also consider the possible uses of laboratory tests for inflammatory mediators of immediate hypersensitivity, for IgG antibodies to allergens, and of tests designed to evaluate the in vitro functions of lymphocytes in patients with allergic disease.

Magnetic resonance tomography (MR-T) at 3.4 MHz for the diagnosis of intracranial disease in children

Magnetic resonance tomography (MR-T) at 3.4 MHz for the diagnosis of intracranial disease in children

Essentials of Paediatric Cardiology

It is the intention of the author to provide a precise, general review of pediatric cardiology for the student, generalist, and pediatrician. The book is not intended to be a definitive text on the subject. The author's excellent approach to the physical diagnosis of heart disease in children largely reflects the teaching of the late Dr. Paul Wood to whom the author gives appropriate acknowledgment. The discussion of individual lesions, however, is scanty, and the severity or natural history of the various lesions cannot be determined from the material presented in the text. Virtually no statistical data are presented.

CRYPTOCOCCOSIS (TORULOSIS) IN CHILDREN

Four cases of disseminated cryptococcosis in children are reported, two of whom had cryptococcosis without involvement of the central nervous system. All but one patient, a child with leukemia, survived. Two of the survivors were treated with amphotericin B intravenously, while one child recovered after long-term sulfadiazine therapy. Cryptococcosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of disease in children with unexplained fever, lymphadenopathay, hepatosplenomegaly, or pulmonary involvement. Central nervous system involvement is not invariably present, and can be prevented if therapy with amphotericin B is instituted early. The necessity of appropriate and repeated fungal cultures is emphasized.

Geometrical-anatomical factors and their significance in the early x-ray diagnosis of hip-joint disease in children.

The common hip-joint disabilities of children, ranging from congenital dislocations and pelvic acetabular dysplasias of infancy to the slipped femoral epiphysis at the age of puberty, are often diagnosed only when the bony deformity is well advanced. Such late cases require complicated and prolonged surgical therapy to effect even a moderate degree of correction. The problem at hand is how to detect a very early hip-joint lesion on x-ray examination so that prompt and effective treatment can be instituted. Ordinarily gross anatomical irregularities and changes in bone density in the femoral head and acetabulum are late signs of hip-joint disease. The approach to the problem of early x-ray diagnosis must therefore be founded on something other than shadow changes and marked deformities which are seen at a glance on the x-ray film. The examiner must come to regard the normal hip joints as finely balanced and bisymmetrical, and to recognize any asymmetry as denoting an anatomical imbalance or pathological pr...

The Diagnosis of Heart Disease in Children

The Diagnosis of Heart Disease in Children

CHOLECYSTITIS AND CHOLELITHIASIS OF CHILDHOOD

A case report of cholecystitis with cholelithiasis in a boy, aged 8 years, is here recorded to stress the necessity of consideration of lesions of the gallbladder in the differential diagnosis of abdominal disease in children. It is probable that pathologic changes in the preadolescent gallbladder are not as rare as clinical and postmortem records indicate. For this reason and for the reason that many of these cases present long and indefinite antecedent histories, we believe that children who have indefinite abdominal symptoms of epigastric pain and indigestion should be investigated more frequently with such diagnostic aids as cholecystography. In 1928 Potter 1 reported four personal cases of gallbladder disease in children 4 ½, 6, 11 and 15 years of age, and he supplemented the report with a review of the literature. He was able to collect 226 cases in which the ages were less than 15 years, as follows: fetuses 2,