Diagnosis Of Cervical Cancer Research Articles

Pre-clinical study of IR808 dye for cervical cancer in vitro and in vivo imaging.

There is an urgent need for improved methods for early screening and rapid diagnosis of cervical cancer since current conventional screening methods are plagued by operator subjectivity and unnecessary biopsies. IR808 is a tumour-targeting near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye that permits NIR imaging without the requirement of chemical conjugation. Our study investigates an IR808-based strategy for real-time monitoring of the cervix in vivo and rapid assessment of cervical specimens in vitro. We investigated the uptake of IR808 in vitro using normal cervical epithelial cells and three cervical cancer cell lines. The biodistribution of IR808 was examined in vivo via intravenous injection into tumour-bearing mice. Additionally, in vitro tissues were stained with IR808 to simulate the identification of cervical tumors in the clinical setting. Biocompatibility of the dye in both cellular and animal models was also examined. IR808 exhibited significant tumour-to-background ratios in fluorescence molecular imaging of in vivo tumors in nude mice. The application of NIR fluorescent dye IR808 in specific imaging screening, safe and non-invasive real-time monitoring, and rapid identification of cervical tumors from tissue specimens is expected to improve current screening methods for cervical cancer.

Effects of Hurricanes and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on Cervical Cancer Diagnosis in Puerto Rico

Effects of Hurricanes and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on Cervical Cancer Diagnosis in Puerto Rico

An Overview of the Anticancer Potential of Silver Nanostructures against Cervical Cancer.

Women are impacted by the extremely common cancer known as cervical cancer worldwide. Although preventive vaccines for cervical cancer are successful, treatment of cervical cancer is far less satisfactory because of multidrug resistance and side effects. There is an increasing need for alternative treatment modalities due to the rather aggressive and non-specific nature of conventional chemotherapeutics. With the advent of new technologies, scientists are working harder to create novel drug delivery strategies for chemotherapy of cervical cancer. Metal nanoparticles, and particularly silver nanoparticles, are a relatively new class with a lot of promise in the field of cancer biology. Nanoparticle therapeutics are attractive platforms for clinically relevant drug development because of their powerful anti-cancer properties, correspondingly attenuated side effects, and cancer-specific targeting. In this review, we provide an overview of the most recent uses of nanotechnology, particularly silver nanostructures, in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer. The salient features of silver nanoparticle-based therapeutic concepts that are novel, viable, and attainable are emphasized in this review, along with those that pose a significant obstacle to their progress toward clinical application.

Cross-region feature fusion of global and local area for subtype classification prediction in cervical tumour

Background and objectivesTo develop a cross-regional feature fusion model for the classification of cervical tumour subtypes using non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we aimed to explore feature representation in both global and local areas, and to compare their effect on predictive performance. Method and materialsThis retrospective study included 100 patients with cervical cancer, approved by the Ethical Review Board Committee. Self-supervised learning-based global features were fused with local features for subtype classification modelling. Global features were extracted from the bottleneck of our 3D autoencoder network, while local features were derived based on a radiomics tool. Utilizing the global and local features, the classification model is based on machine learning algorithms to predict two subtypes with pathologically confirmed cervical squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Comparison performance was accessed using area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, and precision. ResultThe cross-regional feature fusion model showed the best performance (accuracy: 0.95 vs 0.65 in the fusion model and global model) by the support vector machines (SVM) classifier. Even when applied to axial slices with various classification methods, the fusion model consistently yields the best results. ConclusionOur approach preliminary evidence suggests that the fusion of global and local features provides a significant advantage in the clinical diagnosis of cervical cancer subtypes, warranting further investigation and potential application in cervical cancer diagnosis.

Management of cervical cancer in pregnancy in a low resource setting: a rare case report

BackgroundCervical cancer in pregnancy is a rare event. Diagnosis and management of cervical cancer in pregnancy is complicated and challenging in a low resource setting.Case presentationHerein, we present a case of cervical cancer (FIGO stage IB3) diagnosed at 28+ 5 weeks and successfully managed at 37+ 2 weeks of gestation in a 27-year-old woman.ConclusionThis is the first case report on cervical cancer in pregnancy from Bhutan. It highlights the diagnostic and management challenges in a low resource country.

NCCN guideline-concordant cancer care in Sub-Saharan Africa A population-based multi-country study of five cancers.

To assess population-based quality of cancer care in Sub-Saharan Africa and to identify specific gaps and joint opportunities, we assessed concordance of diagnostic and treatment with NCCN harmonized guidelines for leading cancer types in 10 countries. Adult patients with female breast cancer (BC), cervical cancer (CC), colorectal cancer (CRC), Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and prostate cancer (PC) were randomly drawn from 11 population-based cancer registries. Guideline concordance of diagnostics and treatment was assessed using clinical records. In a sub-cohort of 906 patients with potentially curable cancer (stage I-III BC, CC, CRC, PC, aggressive NHL (any stage)) and documentation for >1 month after diagnosis, we estimated factors associated with guideline-concordant treatment or minor deviations (GCT). Diagnostic information as per guidelines was complete for 1030 (31.7%)of 3246 patients included. In the sub-cohort with curable cancer, GCT was documented in 374 (41.3%, corresponding to 11.7% of 3246 included in the population-based cohort): aggressive NHL (59.8%/9.1% population-based), BC (54.5%/19.0%), PC (39.0%/6.1%), CRC (33.9%/9.5%), and CC (27.8%/11.6%). GCT was most frequent in Namibia (73.1% of curable cancer subset/32.8% population-based) and lowest in Kampala, Uganda (13.5%/3.1%). GCT was negatively associated with poor ECOG status, locally advanced stage, origin from low HDI countries, and a diagnosis of CRC or CC. Quality of diagnostic workup and treatment showed major deficits, with considerable disparities among countries and cancer types. Improved diagnostic services are necessary to increase the share of curable cancer in SSA. Treatment components within NCCN guidelines synergetic for several cancers should be prioritized.

Human papillomavirus type-specific distribution in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer in The Gambia prior to HPV immunization programme: a baseline for monitoring the quadrivalent vaccine

BackgroundCervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in Gambian women. Current estimates indicate that 286 women are annually diagnosed with cervical cancer with a fatality rate of 70%. In an attempt to address this, in 2019 the quadrivalent HPV vaccine was incorporated into the Gambia’s Expanded Programme on Immunisation. The study aims to retrospectively assess the prevalence and distribution of high-risk HPV genotype in archived, formalin fixed paraffin embedded cervical biopsy tissues diagnosed with cervical cancer in the Gambia from year 2013–2022.MethodA total of 223 samples with histologically diagnosis of cervical cancer with adequate tissues were sectioned and deparaffinised, followed by HPV DNA extraction and the detection of HR-HPV by real-time multiplex PCR. The human β-globin gene was amplified in 119 samples, which were subsequently tested for HPV DNA.ResultsHPV was prevalent in 87.4% (104 of 119) cervical cancer cases, 12.6% (15/119) samples tested negative. Amongst cervical cancer cases, HPV 16 genotype was the most frequent type accounting for 53.8% (56 /104), followed by other HR-HPV genotypes 17.3% (18/104), and HPV genotype 18 was 15.4% (16/104). Furthermore, multiple HPV infections involving HPV 16 and /or 18 was detected in 14 cases as follows: HPV genotypes 16 and 18 (3.8%, 4 /104), HPV 16 and other HR-HPV (6.7%, 8/104), and HPV 18 and other HR-HPV (1.9%, 2/104). A significant association between age and diagnosis with cervical cancer (p = 0.02), and HPV genotype 16 (p = 0.04) was observed.ConclusionThere was no difference in the distribution of HPV 16 and 18 genotypes in cervical cancer cases in The Gambia in comparison with the global distribution. However, the high prevalence of cervical cancer cases with other HR-HPV, and combined infections of HPV 16 with other HR-HPV genotypes seen in this study, clearly shows that the nonavalent HPV vaccine could be more beneficial for The Gambia. This study provides The Gambia with a baseline data to use in policy decisions regarding future evaluation of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine in the country.

Application of Shear Wave Elastography in the Diagnosis and Evaluation of Cervical Cancer

Background: Our goal was to add an auxiliary examination method for the detection of cervical cancer, and to further explore its application value in clinical staging and treatment. Methods: Shear wave elastography (SWE) technique was used to examine the cervical hardness of patients, and the maximum, mean and minimum values of elastic modulus were recorded, with differences being compared. The area under the receiver operating characreristic (ROC) curve and diagnostic efficacy of elastic modulus were compared with Medcalc software. The differences of elastic modulus values under different parameters were compared in the cervical cancer group. Results: The mean, maximum and minimum values of the cervical cancer group were all the highest, and the differences were statistically significant. The area under the ROC curves were 0.925, 0.909 and 0.873, respectively. For the mean and maximum values, the Youden indexes were 0.79 and 0.72, the positive likelihood ratios were 21.74 and 19.97, and the negative likelihood ratios were 0.18 and 0.25. The optimal cut-off point was 82.2 kilpoascal (kPa) for maximum value and was 66.5 kPa for mean value. Elastic modulus were all significantly different according to International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages and tumor lesion size. Also, elastic modulus of cervical cancer patients before and after radiotherapy were statistically significant. Conclusions: SWE technology has an application value in the detection of cervical cancer. The mean and maximum values have higher diagnostic accuracy. SWE technology also has potential clinical application value in the clinical staging and treatment of cervical cancer, but further studies with larger sample sizes are needed.

Evaluating the effectiveness of the HPV vaccination programme in England, using regression discontinuity design

Objective and ApproachIn England, the National human papillomavirus (HPV) HPV Immunisation Programme was introduced for young girls in 2008. Whilst clinical trials have shown high vaccine effectiveness, real-world evidence is still accruing. Estimating vaccine effectiveness based on real-world data without randomised control trials is challenging, but critical for policy makers. Using Census 2011 data and a population level linked dataset, we exploit a regression discontinuity design (RDD) to assess the impact of the catch-up vaccination programme on cervical dysplasia and cancer diagnoses as recorded in hospital and mortality data in girls born between 1987 and 1992. ResultsWe estimate that vaccination reduces the incidence of cervical dysplasia diagnoses by 27% and cervical cancer diagnoses by 75% respectively. Girls were followed for a 7-year period between ages 23 and 30 years in girls who were offered vaccination at ages 17 to 18 years as part of the catch-up cohort compared to those who were not eligible for HPV vaccination. Conclusions and ImplicationsOur work demonstrates how pivotal the HPV vaccination programme has been for reducing adverse cervical outcomes in young women. Additionally, it shows that the estimates of the effectiveness of HPV vaccination obtained using a RDD are comparable to those based on more classic observational studies. This work shows real world vaccination effectiveness and demonstrates how pivotal the national HPV campaign has been in young girls.

George N. Papanicolaou (1883-1962): The Pioneer of Cytology and Early Cancer Detection.

George N. Papanicolaou (1883-1962) is recognized as a pioneer in cytology and early cancer detection, whose groundbreaking work revolutionized women's healthcare. His development of the Pap smear, a simple yet powerful screening tool, dramatically improved the early diagnosis of cervical cancer, leading to a significant reduction in mortality rates and saving millions of lives worldwide. Born in Greece and extensively trained in medicine and biology, Papanicolaou conducted meticulous research at Cornell University, laying the foundation for modern preventive medicine. This historical vignette explores Papanicolaou's life, transformative achievements, and the innovative processes he championed. By examining his enduring contributions, we highlight his profound impact on public health and medical practice, which continues to inspire and guide healthcare professionals across generations.

Cervical‐YOSA: Utilizing prompt engineering and pre‐trained large‐scale models for automated segmentation of multi‐sequence MRI images in cervical cancer

AbstractCervical cancer is a major health concern, particularly in developing countries with limited medical resources. This study introduces two models aimed at improving cervical tumor segmentation: a semi‐automatic model that fine‐tunes the Segment Anything Model (SAM) and a fully automated model designed for efficiency. Evaluations were conducted using a dataset of 8586 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) slices, where the semi‐automatic model achieved a Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of 0.9097, demonstrating high accuracy. The fully automated model also performed robustly with a DSC of 0.8526, outperforming existing methods. These models offer significant potential to enhance cervical cancer diagnosis and treatment, especially in resource‐limited settings.

Study on serum miR-182 as a marker for diagnosis and prognosis of cervical cancer.

Cervical cancer (CC) is a common female malignancy, with a global incidence rate second only to breast cancer. To propose a new idea for early treatment and auxiliary diagnosis of CC by exploring the diagnostic and prognostic implications of serum miR-182 in CC. We enrolled 70 CC patients, 35 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) patients and 35 healthy controls (HCs), who visited The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College Hospital between January 2015 and April 2016. miR-182 expression was quantified by real-time quantitative PCR and compared among the three groups. The correlation of serum miR-182 expression with patients' clinical features was evaluated. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and the Kaplan-Meier method were used to evaluate the early diagnostic value and prognostic value of serum miR-182. Cox regression analysis was performed to determine serum miR-182 expression and its important role in predicting CC patients' prognosis. Serum miR-182 expression was determined to be 0.345 ± 0.094, 0.369 ± 0.076, and 0.586 ± 0.157 in CC patients, CIN patients, and HCs, respectively (P< 0.001). Serum miR-182 expression had an obvious association with lymph node metastasis and pathological differentiation (P< 0.05). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of serum miR-182 was 0.709 (95% CI: 0.622-0.795), the critical value was 0.456, the sensitivity was 81.4%, and the specificity was 52.9%. CC patients were grouped as either the low- (miR-182 < 0.3) or high-level group (miR-182 ⩾ 0.03) based on serum miR-182 levels, and a Cox regression model of OS was established. Serum miR-182 expression was identified as a factor independently influencing CC patients' OS (P= 0.028); the death risk of the high-level group was 3.246 times that of the low-level group. Serum miR-182 expression is not only a biomarker for early diagnosis of CC, but also one of the independent factors influencing the survival and prognosis of CC patients.

Breast cancer and cervical cancer: a comparison of the period before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundThe coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic impacted cancer health care in several countries, with delays in the detection and treatment of breast and cervical cancer. The objective of this study is to analyze and compare the screening, diagnosis and treatment of breast and cervical cancer in the pre-COVID period and during the COVID-19 period.MethodsCross-sectional study with secondary data collected from the Mortality Information System (SIM), Hospital Information System (SIH), Ambulatory Information System (SIA) and the Oncology Panel (PO) of breast cancer notifications with ICD C50.0 to C50.9 and cervix ICD C53.0 to C53.9, The analyzed period before the pandemic was from March 1 to October 1, 2019, and during the pandemic from March 1 to October 1, 2020. The period from 2013 to 2022 was also analyzed with the same information, including the number of diagnoses, treatments, and deaths from breast cancer and cervical cancer. The study population consisted of Brazilian women aged 25 to 70 years. In order to compare categorical variables between periods, the Chi-Square or Fisher’s Exact tests, and Mann-Whitney U tests were applied, and the Poisson Regression model was applied to model the number of reported cases of COVID-19 and the amount of procedures.ResultsThere was a decrease in the number of mammograms and cytopathological exams during COVID-19, as well as a decrease in cases of breast and cervical cancer. The Poisson regression showed that the increase in the number of COVID-19 cases caused a decrease in the number of breast cytopathological examinations, cervical-vaginal cytopathological examinations/microflora and screening, diagnosis, initiation of treatment for breast cancer and deaths from this disease. Meanwhile, in some regions of Brazil, as the number of Covid-19 increased, there was a significantly increase in the number of mammograms performed and cervical cancer diagnoses.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 period in 2020 significantly impacted screening, diagnosis, treatment for breast and cervical cancer.

New insight in cervical cancer diagnosis using convolution neural network architecture

&lt;p&gt;The Pap smear is a screening method for early cervical cancer diagnosis. The selection of the right optimizer in the convolutional neural network (CNN) model is key to the success of the CNN in image classification, including the classification of cervical cancer Pap smear images. In this study, stochastic gradient descent (SGD), root mean square propagation (RMSprop), Adam, AdaGrad, AdaDelta, Adamax, and Nadam optimizers were used to classify cervical cancer Pap smear images from the SipakMed dataset. Resnet-18, Resnet-34, and VGG-16 are the CNN architectures used in this study, and each architecture uses a transfer-learning model. Based on the test results, we conclude that the transfer learning model performs better on all CNNs and optimization techniques and that in the transfer learning model, the optimization has little influence on the training of the model. Adamax, with accuracy values of 72.8% and 66.8%, had the best accuracy for the VGG-16 and Resnet-18 architectures, respectively. Resnet-34 had 54.0%. This is 0.034% lower than Nadam. Overall, Adamax is a suitable optimizer for CNN in cervical cancer classification on Resnet-18, Resnet-34, and VGG-16 architectures. This study provides new insights into the configuration of CNN models for Pap smear image analysis.&lt;/p&gt;

Machine Learning-based Automated Diagnosis for Cervical Cancer Using Pap Smear Images: A Systematic Review

Machine Learning-based Automated Diagnosis for Cervical Cancer Using Pap Smear Images: A Systematic Review

SEOM-GEICO Clinical Guidelines on cervical cancer (2023)

Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of mortality in women worldwide. It is strongly associated with high-risk human papillomavirus infection. High-income countries that have implemented human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and screening programs have seen dramatic reductions in CC incidence, while developing countries where these programs are not available continue to experience high rates of CC deaths. In early-stage CC, the primary treatment is surgery or radiotherapy, whereas concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) remains the conventional approach in locally advanced stages until the upcoming approval of immunotherapy. The incorporation of immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy (with or without bevacizumab) in first line and as monotherapy in second line after platinum-based chemotherapy, has significantly increased overall survival (OS) in recurrent or metastatic CC. The purpose of this guideline is to summarize the most relevant evidence in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of CC and to provide evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice.

The Value of Human Epididymal Protein 4, Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Alpha-Fetoprotein in the Early Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer

Objectives: This research aimed to unveil the value of human epididymal protein 4 (HE4), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the early diagnosis of cervical cancer. Design: This was a clinical study. Participants: Sixty patients with cervical cancer stage IA-IIA (early stage cervical cancer group), 60 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) (disease control group), and 60 healthy women who had passed the physical examination (healthy control group) were selected. Setting: The review was conducted in a Jiaxing First Hospital. Methods: Sixty patients with cervical cancer stage IA-IIA (early stage cervical cancer group), 60 patients with CIN (disease control group), and 60 healthy women who had passed the physical examination (healthy control group) were selected. The expression levels of serum HE4, CEA, and AFP in the three groups were detected, and the correlation between the levels of serum HE4, CEA, and AFP and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with early stage cervical cancer were analyzed, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to identify the value of the single and triple tests of serum HE4, CEA, and AFP for the early stage diagnosis of cervical cancer. Results: The levels of serum HE4, CEA, and AFP in the early stage cervical cancer group were higher than those in the disease control and the healthy control groups (p < 0.05). The levels of serum HE4, CEA, and AFP were related to the FIGO stage as well as the histological grading of patients with early stage cervical cancer (p < 0.05). The results of the ROC curves revealed that the AUC areas of HE4, CEA, and AFP for single as well as triple diagnosis of patients with early stage cervical cancer were 0.725, 0.679, 0.663, and 0.811, respectively, and the AUC of the three combined tests was markedly higher than that of HE4, CEA, AFP single test (p < 0.05). Limitations: There is a lack of larger sample sizes to test whether the combined HE4, CEA, and AFP detection has sufficient validity at the individual level and there are not enough serum samples in this study to perform circulating HPV-DNA detection and compare it with the levels of serum markers. Conclusion: The combination of HE4, CEA, and AFP has good clinical reference value analysis in the auxiliary diagnosis of early stage cervical cancer, and it is worthy of further validation and popularization.

Attitudes toward Early Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer and Associated Factors in Turkish Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine attitudes toward early diagnosis of cervical cancer and associated factors in Turkish women. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional type. The study conducted with women in Family Health Center in Manisa, the province of Türkiye, aged 30 – 65 who are still and/or were sexually active (n=339). Sociodemographic form and the cervical cancer early diagnosis attitude scale were used in the study. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, version 22.0. In the analysis, descriptive statistics and Student t tests were used. Results: The mean age of the women in the study group was 38.7±6.52. The mean total score of the cervical cancer early diagnosis attitude scale was found to be 99.38±7.11 at a moderate level. It was seen that 64.3% of women had a pap-smear test. It was observed that having regular gynecological examinations and having persons with cervical cancer in their families affects the attitudes of women towards early diagnosis of cervical cancer. Conclusion: The average score of the cervical cancer early diagnosis attitude scale of the women in the study group was found to be moderate. It has been determined that having regular gynecological examinations affects women’s cervical cancer early diagnosis attitudes.

Treatment of secondary uterine malignancy following radiotherapy for cervical cancer: a study based on the SEER database

BackgroundRadiotherapy is one of the main treatments for cervical cancer. Long-term complications of radiation exposure include the emergence of secondary tumors. This is a retrospective study based on an American population. We discuss the optimal treatment modality for patients with radiation-induced secondary uterine malignancy based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.MethodsThe study included patients with a definitive pathological diagnosis of cervical cancer who were diagnosed with a uterine malignant tumor ≥ 1 year later. Patients in whom cervical cancer was not the first tumor or patients with missing data were excluded. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the COX regression model to screen independent prognostic factors affecting overall survival. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were analyzed using the R software package.ResultsWe screened 142 patients with a secondary uterine malignancy after cervical cancer treatment, 115 patients with a secondary uterine malignancy after radiotherapy, and 27 patients with a secondary uterine malignancy who did not receive radiotherapy. The average latency period for developing a secondary tumor was 8 years, and 57.04% of the patients had a second tumor at ≥ 60 years of age. In patients with a secondary uterine malignancy after radiotherapy, surgery improved the prognosis [hazard ratio (HR), 0.374; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.229–0.612], whereas radiotherapy and chemotherapy did not reduce the risk of death. In the subgroup analysis, the surgery plus chemotherapy group had a significantly better survival prognosis than the other groups (HR, 0.251; 95% CI, 0.122–0.515).ConclusionsThe results suggest that the treatment modality in patients with secondary uterine malignancy after radiotherapy for cervical cancer has a significant impact on survival. The survival outcomes of patients receiving surgery combined with chemotherapy are superior to those of patients receiving other treatments.

An automated cervical cancer diagnosis model using Y-net and ensemble deep learning model

An automated cervical cancer diagnosis model using Y-net and ensemble deep learning model