Diagnosis Of Bruxism Research Articles

Prevalence and factors associated to bruxism in preschool children

Determine the prevalence of bruxism in preschool children and identify the main associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 151 children aged 3–5 years old. Parents/guardians answered a questionnaire administered in interview form to collect data related to bruxism, parafunctional habits, breastfeeding, sleep and the occurrence of headache. The diagnosis of bruxism was only confirmed when the parent/guardian reported hearing the child grind his or her teeth. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and Poisson regression (P < 0.05); The prevalence of bruxism among the preschool children was 45.0 % and the following variables were significantly associated with the habit: biting objects (PR = 2.10; 95 % CI: 1.26-3.48), biting one’s cheek (PR =1.76; 95 % CI: 1.22–2.54) and headache located in the temporal region (PR = 1.57; 95 % CI: 1.07–2.32); The prevalence of bruxism was high in the present sample and was associated with the location of headache as well as some parafunctional habits.

Sleep Bruxism and Orthodontic Appliance among Children and Adolescents: A Preliminary Study

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between sleep bruxism and orthodontic treatment in children and adolescents. Methods: Analysis was performed both before and during such treatment. A retrospective cross-sectional study was undertaken in two groups of seven to 15-year-old patients from the orthodontic clinic of a public university in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The first group contained 22 patients with a mean age of ten years (SD = 2.058) who were awaiting orthodontic treatment. The second group contained 44 patients with a mean age of nine years (SD = 1.79) undergoing orthodontic treatment. Data collection was performed using a questionnaire completed by parents/caregivers and data from the medical records of the clinic. Diagnosis of bruxism was determined in accordance with American Academy of Sleep Medicine criteria. Descriptive analysis and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Sleep bruxism was observed in 27.3% of patients who were awaiting orthodontic treatment. Regarding the group undergoing treatment, 36.4% had sleep bruxism prior to the start of treatment and 25% continued to suffer from the Para function following placement of an orthodontic appliance. Among those who had sleep bruxism before treatment, 75% reported that the Para function ceased after placement of the appliance. There was an association between the presence of sleep bruxism among parents/ caregivers and among patients (p = 0.035). Interceptive orthodontics was associated in 77% of sleep bruxism stop during treatment (p = 0.029). The corrective orthodontics was in 22.8% patients with sleep bruxism only after fitting orthodontic appliance compared to 9% with interceptive orthodontic treatment (p = 0.002). Conclusion: There was an association between sleep bruxism in parents/caregivers and the presence of the Para function among children/adolescents. The type of orthodontic treatment influenced the time that sleep bruxism appeared. The interceptive orthodontic treatment was associated with the cases which sleep bruxism stopped during treatment.

チェアサイドとベッドサイドをつなぐ睡眠時ブラキシズムの診断と治療

チェアサイドとベッドサイドをつなぐ睡眠時ブラキシズムの診断と治療

睡眠時ブラキシズム臨床診断の現状と展望

睡眠時ブラキシズム臨床診断の現状と展望

Intricate Assessment and Evaluation of Effect of Bruxism on Long-term Survival and Failure of Dental Implants: A Comparative Study.

Dental implants are one of the common lines of treatment used for the treatment of missing tooth. Various risk factors are responsible for the failure of the dental implants and occurrence of postoperative complications. Bruxism is one such factor responsible for the failure of the dental implants. The actual relation between bruxism and dental implants is a subject of long-term controversy. Hence, we carried out this retrospective analysis to assess the complications occurring in dental implants in patients with and without bruxism. The present study included 1100 patients which were treated for rehabilitation by dental implant procedure at 21 dental offices of Ghaziabad (India) from 2004 to 2014. Analyzing the clinical records of the patients along with assessing the photographs of the patients was done for confirming the diagnosis of bruxism. Clinical re-evaluation of the patients, who came back for follow-up, was done to confirm the diagnosis of bruxism. Systemic questionnaires as used by previous workers were used to evaluate the patients about the self-conscience of the condition. Estimation of the mechanical complications was done only in those cases which occurred on the surfaces of the restoration of the dental implants. All the results were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Student's t-test and Pearson's chi-square test were used to evaluate the level of significance. In both bruxer and non-bruxers, maximum number of dental implants was placed in anterior maxillary region. Significant difference was obtained while comparing the two groups for dimensions of the dental implants used. On comparing the total implant failed cases between bruxers and non-bruxers group, statistically significant result was obtained. Statistically significant difference was obtained while comparing the two study groups based on the health parameters, namely hypertension, diabetes, and smoking habit. Success of dental implant is significantly affected by bruxism. Special attention is required in such patients while doing treatment planning. For the long-term clinical success and survival of dental implants in patients, special emphasis should be given on the patient's deleterious oral habits, such as bruxism as in long run, they influence the stability of dental implants.

Association between Self-Reported Bruxism and Sleeping Patterns among Dental Students in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify sleeping patterns among dental students and their association with self-reported bruxism in Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy (RCsDP). Methods. A cross-sectional study was performed including 549 students (67 men and 482 women). A structured questionnaire was adopted from The PSQI (The Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire Index) used for data collection. It included questions which are categorized into sleeping habits, sleep-related symptoms, and additional questions concerning bruxism. This questionnaire was randomly distributed among all college preclinical and postclinical students. Sleep bruxism diagnosis was based on self-reported data. The data were analyzed using Chi-square tests through SPSS software for Windows. Results. Statistical analyses revealed significant correlations between self-reported bruxism and sleeping habits including sleep initiation (χ 2 = 22.6, p = 0.000), continuous sleep until morning (χ 2 = 19.2, p = 0.001), nighttime sleep duration (χ 2 = 20.2, p = 0.000), and length of daytime naps (χ 2 = 28.35, p = 0.000). There was an association between self-reported bruxism and sleeping-related symptoms including awakening early in the morning before the usual time without a cause (χ 2 = 16.52, p = 0.000) and increased nightmares (χ 2 = 13.7, p = 0.001). Conclusions. Poor sleeping pattern was an important factor among dental students, who reported sleep bruxism.

Diagnostic validity of the use of a portable single-channel electromyography device for sleep bruxism.

The aim of this study was to determine an appropriate cutoff value and the number of nights of sleep with the portable single-channel EMG device (GrindCare) necessary for a valid sleep bruxism (SB) diagnosis. Twenty consecutive post-graduate students and staff at Bauru School of Dentistry composed the sample. Each participant underwent the GrindCare for five consecutive nights and the polysomnography (PSG). The discrimination between bruxers and non-bruxers was based only on the PSG analysis. Data about electromyography per hour with GrindCare (EMG/h) and PSG (bursts/h) were scored. There were positive correlations between the two devices for EMG/h and bursts/h in three and five consecutive nights. Bland-Altman analysis of the EMG bursts/h showed positive agreement between the methods. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses also showed that using a minimum of 18 EMG/h for three nights and 19 EMG/h for five nights in GrindCare as cutoffs resulted in a 90% specificity and positive likelihood ratio equal to 5. GrindCare is able to discriminate SB diagnosed by PSG and gold standard criteria, when used for three or five consecutive nights, and it may be a valid choice in clinical practice for SB assessment.

Occupation as a potential contributing factor for temporomandibular disorders, bruxism, and cervical muscle pain: a controlled comparative study.

The aim of the study was to compare the prevalence of cervical muscle pain (CMP) and myogenic temporomandibular disorders (MFP) among female dentists, high-tech workers, and a group of subjects employed in other occupations; to investigate the associations among CMP, MFP, and bruxism in those groups; and to evaluate the influence of work-related stress on MFP and CMP. Evaluation was based on clinical examinations of MFP and CMP and self-reported questionnaires concerning pain and stress. The diagnosis of sleep bruxism was adapted using the validated diagnostic criteria of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-2), 2005, Westchester, IL), whilst the diagnosis of awake bruxism was made on the basis of a questionnaire. The odds of a subject with MFP experiencing concurrent CMP or bruxism (sleep and/or awake) ranged from 2.603 to 3.077. These results suggest that high-tech workers and dentists are at greater risk for developing temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and CMP when compared with general occupation workers, as defined in this study. Furthermore, the associations shown here between TMDs and CMP highlight the importance of palpating neck musculature as part of any routine examination of TMD.

Frequency of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Dental Patients with Tooth Wear

To estimate the frequency of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in dental patients with tooth wear, and to assess the role of dentists in the identification of patients at risk of OSAS. Dental patients with tooth wear and treated with occlusal splint were prospectively recruited to perform sleep study. The severity of tooth wear was established by the treating dentist before patient referral to sleep disorders unit. Sleep questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and validated respiratory polygraphy were performed. All patients with dental wear were offered a sleepiness analysis. Of 31 recruited patients, 30 (77% males) participated in this study. Patients' mean age was 58.5 ± 10.7 years (range: 35-90 years) and the body mass index was 27.9 ± 3.4 kg/m(2). Tooth wear was mild in 13 patients, moderate in 8 and severe in 9. The mean apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was 32.4 ± 24.9. AHI < 5 was reported in 2 patients, AHI of 5-29 in 17, and AHI ≥ 30 in 11. A statistically significant association was found between AHI severity and tooth wear severity (Spearman R = 0.505; p = 0.004). Tooth wear could be a tool to identify those patients at risk of having OSAS. This highlights the importance of dental professionals to identify and refer patients with OSAS.

Bruxism is unlikely to cause damage to the periodontium: findings from a systematic literature assessment.

This paper systematically reviews the MEDLINE and SCOPUS literature to answer the following question: Is there any evidence that bruxism may cause periodontal damage per se? Clinical studies on humans, assessing the potential relationship between bruxism and periodontal lesions (i.e., decreased attachment level, bone loss, tooth mobility/migration, altered periodontal perception) were eligible. Methodologic shortcomings were identified by the adoption of the Critical Appraisal Skills Program quality assessment, mainly concerning the internal validity of findings according to an unspecific bruxism diagnosis. The six included articles covered a high variability of topics, without multiple papers on the same argument. Findings showed that the only effect of bruxism on periodontal structures was an increase in periodontal sensation, whereas a relationship with periodontal lesions was absent. Based on the analysis of Hill criteria, the validity of causation conclusions was limited, mainly owing to the absence of a longitudinal evaluation of the temporal relationship and dose-response effects between bruxism and periodontal lesions. Despite the scarce quantity and quality of the literature that prevents sound conclusions on the causal link between bruxism and the periodontal problems assessed in this review, it seems reasonable to suggest that bruxism cannot cause periodontal damage per se. It is also important to emphasize, however, that because of methodologic problems, particularly regarding sleep bruxism assessment, more high-quality studies (e.g., randomized controlled trials) are needed to further clarify this issue.

Assessment of sleep bruxism, orthodontic treatment need, orofacial dysfunctions and salivary biomarkers in asthmatic children

ObjectiveTo evaluate the sleep bruxism, malocclusions, orofacial dysfunctions and salivary levels of cortisol and alpha-amylase in asthmatic children. Design108 7–9-yr-old children were selected from Policlinic Santa Teresinha Doutor Antonio Haddad Dib (asthmatics, n=53) and from public schools (controls, n=55), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Sleep bruxism diagnosis was confirmed by parental report of grinding sounds and the presence of shiny and polish facets on incisors and/or first permanent molars. The index of orthodontic treatment need was used for occlusion evaluation. Orofacial dysfunctions were evaluated using the nordic orofacial test-screening (NOT-S). Salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase were expressed as “awakening response” (AR), calculated as the difference between levels immediately after awakening and 30min after waking, and “diurnal decline” (DD), calculated as the difference between levels at 30min after waking and at bedtime. Data were analyzed using Shapiro–Wilk/Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Chi-square, unpaired t test/Mann–Whitney and paired t/Wilcoxon tests. ResultsSleep bruxism was more prevalent in children with asthma than controls (47.2% vs. 27.3%, p<0.05). Asthmatics had higher scores of NOT-S total and interview (p<0.05). Dysfunctions on sensory function and chewing and swallowing were more frequent in asthmatics (p<0.05). Salivary cortisol AR on weekend was significantly higher for asthmatics (p<0.05). Salivary cortisol DD was significantly higher on weekday than weekend for controls (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in alpha-amylase values in and between groups. ConclusionsThe presence of asthma in children was associated with sleep bruxism, negative perception of sensory, chewing and swallowing functions, and higher concentrations of salivary cortisol on weekend.

Prevalence and associated factors for temporomandibular disorders in Chinese civilian pilots.

Piloting is a special profession with prolonged stress, which could induce the occurrence of TMD. This sample is useful to reduce the effect of confounders in the analyses. Based on this, the present study aims to determine the prevalence and associated factors for TMD in civilian pilots of China. A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was carried out in 616 male subjects (aged 23-52 years). The questionnaire included general information, chewing preference (bilateral or unilateral), and Trait Anxiety section of Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T). The clinical examination contained TMD screening per research diagnostic criteria for TMD and diagnosis of sleep bruxism per American Academy of Sleep Medicine standards. The level of statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. The program was conducted from June 2012 to April 2013, in which period, and the percentage of TMD in the samples we examined was 33.3 % (=205/616). Only high anxiety (OR 2.48; 95 % CI 1.25-4.90) and unilateral chewing preference (OR 12.67; 95 % CI 7.77-20.65) were the most significant associated factors with TMD. Also, salivary cortisol and the STAI-T score had a significant correlation (r = 0.47, P < 0.001). It was more reliable to study the associated factors on TMD with the exclusion of the possible confounding factors, and only unilateral chewing preference and psychological stress had a significant association with TMD. In addition, the salivary cortisol levels might assist to assess psychological stress in epidemiological research.

ПОРІВНЯННЯ ПОШИРЕНОСТІ БРУКСИЗМУ МІЖ ДІТЬМИ В ПЕРІОДІ ПІЗНЬОГО ЗМІННОГО ПРИКУСУ ТА ДОРОСЛИМИ.

&lt;p&gt;В статті представлено результати порівняльноїоцінки поширеності бруксизму в період пізнього змінного прикусу (у віці 9-12 років) та дорослими. Показано, що цей стан є широко поширеним серед представників цих двох досліджуваних груп, що підтверджує необхідність надання особливоїуваги діагностиці бруксизма як в дитячому віці, так і у дорослих з метою виявлення соматичної, психічної та паразитарної'патологій, які, згідно досліджень багатьох авторів, часто супроводжуються бруксизмом.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Efficacy of biofeedback therapy via a mini wireless device on sleep bruxism contrasted with occlusal splint: a pilot study.

The putative causes of bruxism are multifactorial and there are no definite measures for bruxism management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of biofeedback therapy on sleep bruxism, compared with occlusal splint. Twenty-four volunteers with sleep bruxism were divided into two groups: the GTB group that were treated with biofeedback therapy (n = 12) and the GTO group that were treated with occlusal splint (n = 12). A mini pressure sensor integrated with a monitoring circuit by use of a maxillary biofeedback splint was fabricated. To foster the relaxation of the masticatory muscles and the nervous system, the wireless device received signals from bruxism events and vibrations alerted the bruxer when the threshold was exceeded. Total episodes and average duration of bruxism events during 8 hours of sleep were analyzed with the monitoring program (TRMY1.0). After 6 and 12 weeks, the episodes (P = 0.001) and duration (P < 0.05) in the GTB group declined dramatically. In contrast, there were no significant differences in the GTO group after the treatment (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the episodes had significant differences between the GTB group and the GTO group after the same period of treatment (P = 0.000). The results suggest that biofeedback therapy may be an effective and convenient measure for mild bruxers, when compared with occlusal splint therapy. The mini wireless biofeedback method may be of value for the diagnosis and management of bruxism in the future.

Genç yetişkin bireylerde bruksizm farkındalığı ve ilişkili değişik faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bruxism awareness and related various factors in young adults attending a university’ dental clinics in Konya, Turkey. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 510 young adult students (18-25 years old) of both gender from Dentistry Faculty of Selcuk University. The data were collected by means of a questionnaire completed by the subjects, which included questions about age, gender, parental educational status, family income and oral hygiene habits. All anterior teeth present in the mouth were scored for incisal tooth wear (ITW) according to the criteria based on the Tooth Wear Index of Smith and Knight. Data were analyzed using Chi Square tests. Results: The prevalence of bruxism awareness was %33,9. No association was found between bruxism and age, medical problem, mother’s educational status, family income and brushing before bedtime. The analysis of data showed a significant correlation between the bruxism and incisal tooth wear, tooth brushing frequency, father’s educational status and gender.Conclusions: Bruxism in this dentistry students group appears to be common. As a conclusion, it is difficult to diagnose bruxism due to subjective findings. ITW is considered as an objective finding, therefore it is very valuable in the diagnosis of bruxism

Prevalence and potential factors associated with probable sleep or awake bruxism and dentin hypersensitivity in undergraduate students

OBJECTIVE: To measure the prevalence of probable sleep or awake bruxism and cervical dentin hypersensitivity of undergraduate students and to determine the symptoms associated with these conditions.METHODOLOGY: This was a cross-sectional study. A diagnosis of probable bruxism was reached when students reported clenching or grinding of the teeth during sleep and/or wakefulness, and when they also presented some of the signs and symptoms of bruxism and masseter muscle pain on palpation. Cervical dentinal hypersensitivity was diagnosed by testing for sensitivity to pain in the cervical region of the teeth. Pain was triggered either by touch (using a #5 probe) or by an air jet spray. The sample consisted of 306 university students aged between 19 and 35 years old. The data were stored and analysed using SPSS software, version 15.0 for Windows.RESULT: The prevalence of probable bruxism was 34.3%, with no predominance regarding sex. Probable awake bruxism was more prevalent (61.9%), mostly occurring when the individual reported being in a state of mental concentration (63.1%). There was no association between probable sleep or awake bruxism and dentin hypersensitivity (p = 0.195). Individuals with probable sleep bruxism had increased odds of having muscular pain in the face upon waking (OR = 14.14, 95% CI 5.06-39.55), and those with probable awake bruxism had a increased odds of having facial muscle fatigue when chewing or talking for a long time (OR = 2.88, 95% CI 1.53-5.43) and muscular pain in the face upon waking (OR = 5.31, 95% CI 1.93-14.62).CONCLUSION: The prevalence of probable bruxism was 34.3% and that of HDC was 57.8%, with 22.2% of these subjects also showing probable bruxism. Individuals with probable bruxism tended to have a higher odds of facial pain when they awakened and when chewing or talking for long periods. There were no associations between probable sleep and awake bruxism and cervical dentin hypersensitivity.

Sleep bruxism, awake bruxism and sleep quality among Brazilian dental students: a cross-sectional study.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of sleep bruxism, awake bruxism and sleep quality among dental students of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was performed including 183 Brazilian dental students aged from 17 to 46 years old. The complete course curriculum consists of 9 semesters. Students enrolled in the first semester, the middle semester and the final semester of the course participated in the survey. The PSQI-BR (the Brazilian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire Index) was used for data collection. The PSQI-BR was distributed during lecture classes. Sleep bruxism and awake bruxism diagnosis was based on self-reported data. Descriptive analysis, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and Poisson regression with robust estimator were the statistical tests used. Sleep bruxism prevalence was 21.5% and awake bruxism prevalence was 36.5%. Sleep duration components were associated with sleep bruxism (PR=1.540; 95% CI: 1.00-2.37) and awake bruxism (PR=1.344; 95% CI: 1,008-1,790). There was an association between awake bruxism and habitual sleep efficiency component (PR=1.323; 95% CI: 1.03-1.70). Sleep disturbance component and awake bruxism were associated (PR=1.533; 95% CI: 1.03-2.27). Poor sleep quality was an important factor among dental students, who reported sleep bruxism as well as among those who presented awake bruxism.

Relationship between self-reported sleep bruxism and pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between self-reported sleep bruxism and the age, gender, clinical subtypes of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), pain intensity and grade of chronic pain in patients previously diagnosed with TMD. Thousand two-hundred and twenty patients of the Andalusian Health Service were examined using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) questionnaire. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were those included in the RDC/TMD criteria. The bruxism diagnosis was drawn from the question, 'Have you been told, or do you notice that you grind your teeth or clench your jaw while sleeping at night?' in the anamnestic portion of the questionnaire. A bivariate analysis was conducted, comparing the presence of perceived parafunctional activity with age (over age 60 and under age 60), gender, different subtypes of TMD, pain intensity, grade of chronic pain and presence of self-perceived locked joints. The overall prevalence of self-reported sleep bruxism (SB) was 54.51%. A statistically significant association was found between the presence of SB and patients under age 60, women, greater pain intensity, greater pain interference with activities of daily living, and the axis-I groups affected by both muscular and articular pathology. There is a statistically significant association between self-reported sleep bruxism and women under age 60 who have painful symptoms of TMD. There is also a positive association between this parafunctional habit and the presence of chronic pain. However, more studies that cover larger samples and differentiate between sleep bruxism and awake bruxism are needed.

Bruxism in Prospective Studies of Veneered Zirconia Restorations—A Systematic Review

The objectives of this work were to systematically review the effect of bruxism on the survival of zirconia restorations on teeth and to assess the prevalence of nocturnal masseter muscle activity in a clinical sample. A Medline search was performed independently and in triplicate using the term "zirconia" and activating the filter "clinical trial." Furthermore, three other electronic databases were searched using the same term. Only papers published in English on prospective studies of veneered zirconia frameworks on teeth were included. To estimate the prevalence of sleep bruxism in clinical settings, subjects with no clinical signs of bruxism and who did not report grinding and/or clenching were examined by use of a disposable electromyographic device. The initial search resulted in 107 papers, of which 22 were included in the analysis. Bruxers were excluded in 20 of these articles. In 1 study bruxers were not excluded, and 1 study did not provide information regarding this issue. The methods used to identify bruxers were heterogeneous/not described, and no study used reliable, valid methods. Of 33 subjects without clinical signs of bruxism, nocturnal muscle activity exceeded predefined muscle activity for 63.8% of the subjects. There is a lack of information about the effect of bruxism on the incidence of technical failure of veneered zirconia restorations because all available studies failed to use suitable instruments for diagnosis of bruxism. Nocturnal muscle activity without clinical symptoms/report of bruxism was observed for a relevant number of patients.

Evaluation of Cranio-cervical Posture in Children with Bruxism Before and After Bite Plate Therapy: A Pilot Project.

[Purpose] The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a biteplate on the cranio-cervical posture of children with bruxism. [Subjects and Methods] Twelve male and female children aged six to 10 years with a diagnosis of bruxism participated in this study. The children used a biteplate during sleep for 30 days and were submitted to three postural evaluations: initial, immediately following placement of the biteplate, and at the end of treatment. Posture analysis was performed with the aid of the Alcimagem® 2.1 program. Data analysis (IBM SPSS Statistics 2.0) involved descriptive statistics and the Student’s t-test. [Results] A statistically significant difference was found between the initial cranio-cervical angle and the angle immediately following placement of the biteplate. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the initial angle and the angle after one month of biteplate usage. [Conclusion] No significant change in the cranio-cervical posture of the children was found one month of biteplate usage. However, a reduction occurred in the cranio-cervical angle when the biteplate was in position.