The following 9 review articles are derived from lectures presented as part of the continuing medical education course titled “The Surgical Pathology of Neoplastic Diseases,” sponsored by Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and held in New York City on May 18–22, 2009. The course was organized along subspecialty lines, and in its 27th year, the 2009 version included major topic areas on the gastrointestinal and pancreatobiliary systems, endocrine and neuroendocrine tumors, and tumors of the bones and soft tissues. Additionally, a special topics session considered new technology in the surgical pathology laboratory. The review articles published in this issue of Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine include a subset of all the topics covered in the course, contributed with the hope that their publication would bring this material to a wider readership.From the section on gastrointestinal and pancreatobiliary tumor pathology, Dr Rhonda Yantiss presents a discussion on the diagnosis of Barrett esophagus and the issues related to the development of dysplasia and carcinoma. Dr Jinru Shia approaches the gastrointestinal tract from the opposing perspective, with a review on tumors of the anal canal, an often neglected region that presents some special issues in pathologic diagnosis. Dr Laura Tang addresses tumors of the appendix, focusing on mucinous neoplasms and the spectrum of neuroendocrine tumors, including goblet cell carcinoid tumor. Dr Nora Katabi deals with carcinomas and their precursor lesions in the gallbladder and bile ducts.The section on endocrine organs and neuroendocrine tumors includes an article by Dr Natasha Rekhtman on the neuroendocrine tumor spectrum in the lung, which still serves as the model for the pathologic classification of neuroendocrine tumors throughout the body. Dr Diane Carlson discusses tumors of the parathyroid glands and provides interesting historical notes. From the section on tumors related to bone and soft tissue, Dr William Travis reviews the differential diagnosis of soft tissue (sarcomatoid) neoplasms of the lung and pleura, including true soft tissue tumors as well as sarcomatoid carcinomas and mesotheliomas.Based on the suggestions of course participants from the preceding year, the 2009 course included a session on new technology in the pathology laboratory. Advances in immunohistochemistry are discussed by Dr Julie Teruya-Feldstein. Our immunohistochemical armamentarium continues to expand and increasingly includes markers used not only for diagnosis but also for determination of prognosis or targeted therapy. Validation of antibodies and quantification of staining are becoming more important. Dr Cyrus Hedvat explores the potential of digital microscopy, including image analysis and remote pathology. Although Dr Hedvat stops short of announcing the retirement of the microscope, the horizon of diagnostic pathology clearly includes the digital medium, which will allow for greater access to real-time slide sharing and quantitative morphology.The attending staff at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center remains committed to the production of practical courses in tumor pathology, to expose pathologists to the wealth of teaching material at the Center. “The Surgical Pathology of Neoplastic Diseases” course is planned to take place each May in New York for the foreseeable future. We hope that the extracted information in the following special section will be of use to the readers of the Archives.