Diachronic Description Research Articles

“This Generation” from Mark to Judas: On the Hermeneutics of Intra-gospel Reception

Although the reception of Mark has a very long tradition within New Testament studies in discussions of the Synoptic problem or the relation of the Synoptics to John, nevertheless works on reception of the Gospel beyond the New Testament are few. Further, especially for the early period, these works focus primarily on the fact of Markan reception—who knew it and accepted it—rather than its hermeneutical potential. The present essay focuses on this hermeneutical question, tracing the Markan language of “this generation” through its reception, rejection, and adaptation in Gospel literature up to the Gospel of Judas. I argue that this intra-Gospel reception reflects back on Mark itself and illuminate aspects of its interpretive possibilities. Indeed, I aim to show here that Mark’s reception is intrinsic to its possibility for meaning at all and by attending to the ways in which early texts from Matthew to Judas interpret Mark enables one to appreciate the very different ways Mark’s potential meaning is actualized. This argument demonstrates the value of uniting exegetical and diachronic description with a dialogical hermeneutical framework, facilitating mutual interpretation without simple harmonization.

Some notes on phonemes and allophones in synchronic and diachronic descriptions

Some notes on phonemes and allophones in synchronic and diachronic descriptions

A Statistical Analysis on the Functional Changes of Dialect and Mandarin Chinese: A Diachronic Perspective

The diachronic description method and statistical analysis are combined to detect time-varying growth and decline trends in Nanchang citizens’ verbal function from 2021 to 2022 and 2006 to 2007. Data reveal that the trends are significantly correlated with time, making the conclusion reliable. Mandarin is becoming more popular among Nanchang residents, and Nanchang dialect is used at an essentially fixed ratio, whereas the pragmatic proficiency degradation has gradually slowed, with the language attitude becoming increasingly affable. It is indicated that Nanchang citizens have generally acquired bilingual competence. Mandarin dominates daily communication, while the dialect is deteriorating at a decreasing rate.

Scientific Discourse: Evolution of Theoretical and Methodological Approaches and Concepts

Introduction. The article presents the results of an analytical review of scientific papers reflecting the stages of formation and development of the theory of scientific discourse in Russian linguistics. The purpose of the article is to systematize and critically analyze approaches, concepts and methodological principles of the study of scientific communication in the aspect of its communicative-pragmatic, genre-stylistic, linguocognitive and linguocultural specifics.Methodology and sources. The paper is based on theoretical concepts in the field of discourse analysis, considering discourse as a type of social practice, as a methodology of corpus linguistics using software tools and quantitative methods to extract language structures from large arrays of texts. An overview of the existing empirical research base is given.Results and discussion. As a result of the review study, the evolution of approaches to scientific discourse is characterized, their chronological framework is determined, key concepts that influenced the modern understanding of scientific communication are identified (genre-stylistic, sociocultural, cognitive, linguocultural, pragmalinguistic, communicative-pragmatic approaches), modern interpretations of scientific discourse are analyzed and prospects for further research are outlined. It is shown that in the study of scientific discourse, the corpus methodology is today in demand and is used in its synchronic and diachronic description. The diachronic development of the English-language scientific discourse by the example of a scientific article genre is an extremely interesting issue, which, according to our data, has not been thoroughly studied before. That is why our further works will be devoted to its consideration.Conclusion. It is shown that despite the long and intensive study of scientific discourse in the scientific literature there is an insufficient number of works highlighting the trends in the development of scientific communication genres, which demonstrate a certain historical dynamics and changes in the collective consciousness. It is concluded that the discursivecorpus approach to the study of scientific discourse and the methods of corpus linguistics make it possible to objectively identify and describe dynamic processes in the field of written scientific communication caused by changing ways of knowledge transfer under the influence of changes in the socio-cultural context and intensive development of science.

Étude diachronique de la locution voyons voir (XVIe -XXIe siècles)

The aim of our paper is to provide a diachronic description of the evolution of the discourse marker voyons voir. We will propose a distributional and semantic analysis of voyons voir from the first attestation found at the end of the 16th century until the 21st century. We will pay particular attention to the term voir, which has often been understood as the verb of perception, whereas in the Middle Ages this same term could correspond to the adverb « vrai ». We will explore different hypotheses to determine the origin of the marker.

Implication and Presentation of Verbs in Character Component “Horse” from “Gallop”

From ancient times to medieval ages, Chinese vocabulary has experienced a process from “conceptual implication” to “conceptual presentation”, behind which are many details of evolution worth exploring. “马” (Horse) is an important ideographic component of Chinese characters. Many verbs with “马” as their components are closely related to horses at the beginning of their use. However, with the expansion of their use, these verbs begin to combine with other names, which changes the existing state of “horse”. This paper selects “驰” (gallop), a verb of “马” with both intransitive and transitive usages to restore the process of “implication-presentation” more concretely. Through the diachronic description and analysis of the state for the specific semantic “马” of “驰” from ancient times to the medieval ages, this paper not only confirms the law of “implication-presentation”, but also discovers the transitional “implicit or explicit” stage in the evolution process. Moreover, a related detailed analysis is made, which holds that this stage is an important link to show the specificity of different words’ evolution.

HISTORICAL PHONETICS OF THE UDMURT LANGUAGE IN THE SCIENTIFIC WORK OF V.K. KELMAKOV

The paper is dedicated to the anniversary of a talented scientist and teacher, an outstanding Russian Finno-Ugrist, Doctor of Philology, Professor of the Department of General and Finno-Ugric Linguistics of the Institute of Udmurt Philology, Finno-Ugric Studies and Journalism of Udmurt State University, Valey Kelmakovich Kelmakov. The paper identifies the main problems in the historical phonetics of the Udmurt language, considered in the works of the researcher: sources of the study of historical phonetics, reconstruction of the Pra-Udmurt vocalism of the first and non-first syllables, diachronic description of the Udmurt accentuation, reconstruction of Pra-Udmurt consonantism, trends and causes of phonetic processes that took place in the period from the Proto-Permian language to the modern state of the Udmurt language and its dialects. The problems of reconstruction of the vocal and consonant systems of the Udmurt language, which are of particular interest to Permian linguistics, are covered in detail. The personal contribution of the scientist to the solution of topical problems of historical and dialect phonetics of the Udmurt language, to the development of comparative historical Finno-Ugric studies is shown.

A diachronic description of the rhetoric of the 18th century

A diachronic description of the rhetoric of the 18th century

<i>Udareniye</i>: Diachronic and Lexicographic Description of the Linguistic Term and its Breaking Away from the Greek and Church Slavonic Tradition

The article is devoted to the study of the Russian linguistic term “udareniye” (“stress” / “accent”) from the historicolinguistic, etymological and lexicographic viewpoints. Currently, there are hardly any studies analyzing the term’s semantic development or attempts to present its semantic structure in a dictionary, based on textual and lexicographic sources ranging from the end of the 16th to the end of the 19th century, that would make it possible that would make it possible to trace the semantic changes of the term in the course of time. The existing studies mainly address the the issues of terminology developed in individual authors’ grammars, or describe the terminology of grammars related to a certain period of time or a specific epoch. The purpose of this article is to systematize etymological information about the term “udareniye”, to conduct an historico-linguistic analysis of its semantics, starting with the first Russian grammars and lexicons. The research uses comparative, definitional, etymological, semantic and lexicographic methods. The semantic structure of the term “udareniye”, when taking into account its two main meanings (emphasizing of some syllable in the word with voice and reflection of such an emphasis in writing by graphical means, e.g. diacritics), begins to take shape from its first written fixation in 1591 in Adelphotes and ends by 1830, when grammarians finally stopped associating the Russian accent, uniform by nature, with the sound length and modulations of the tone, and focused their attention on the study of intensity (pronouncing power), which can be regarded as the main acoustic feature of the stressed syllable in languages with dynamic stress. By this time, the type of the Russian stress stops being identified with the Greek and Church Slavonic patterns and the attempts to uncritically borrow the corresponding terminological nominations with their forms and meanings from Greek into Russian come to an end. The term “udareniye” got probably for the first time its lexicographic entry at the beginning of the 18th century due to Polikarpov-Orlov who described its meaning 1 in his dictionary. In its meaning 2 – based on the Greek-Church Slavonic tradition, – the term is found in almost all the text sources examined by the author, starting from Adelphotes, that is from the end of the 16th century. As for its first lexicographic fixation, it took place in 1763 in Poletika’s dictionary.

The development of the encoding of deictic motion in the Bantu language Rangi: grammaticalisation and change

AbstractThe close cross-linguistic relation between the domains of space and time has been well described. The frequent emergence of Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM) markers from deictic motion verbs in particular, has also been extensively detailed in the literature. This paper focusses on the less well-known link between associated motion, a category of functional morphemes expressing (deictic) motion events, and TAM, in a language contact situation. Specifically, it provides a synchronic and diachronic description of three associated motion prefixes,joo-,tóó-andkoo-, found in the Tanzanian Bantu language Rangi, spoken in an area of high linguistic diversity. It proposes that the prefixjoo-encodes movement towards a deictic centre,tóó-encodes movement towards a goal which is not the deictic centre, andkoo-encodes movement away from a deictic centre. It further contends that whiletóó-andkoo-have maintained a purely deictic function,joo-has grammaticalised to assume an additional function whereby it encodes future tense, possibly aided by the absence of a dedicated future tense marker in the language. This three-way morphological encoding of spatial relations on the verb form is not a common characteristic of East African Bantu languages. However, this paper proposes that the system in Rangi can be accounted for on the basis of cross-linguistically widely attested pathways of grammatical change.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВІТАЛЬНОСТІ МАЛОПОШИРЕНИХ МОВ УКРАЇНИ: ДОСВІД І ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ

This study summarizes the achievements of Ukrainian sociolinguistics at the turn of the 21st century in the field of studying the languages of national minorities in Ukraine. The relevance of the study lies in the influence of the new worldview paradigm. Its goal is to preserve and protect humanity’s unique cultural heritage, which is under threat of reduction or destruction. The topicality of sociolinguistic studies of the languages of national minorities is also associated with the changing socio-political context in post-Soviet countries, especially in Ukraine. Consequently, there is a need for sociolinguistic monitoring of the linguistic situation, as well as for studying the conditions and mechanisms of linguistic behavior of minorities in bilingual and multilingual regions. It is also important to develop practical recommendations on the balance of linguistic rights and cultural needs of Ukrainian ethnolinguistic communities. The study is presented as part of the research project entitled “Practices of language protection of the European linguistic and cultural space and the prospects for language policy in Ukraine” (2019–2023). The method of diachronic description allows us to trace the evolution of research ideas and the changes in methodological premises regarding the problems of language evolution in Ukraine from the times of the USSR to the present day.

Bare classifier phrases in Thai and other mainland Asian languages: implications for classifier theory and typology

AbstractThis article provides a comprehensive analysis of the little-known “bare classifier phrase” construction in Modern Standard Thai. It describes the syntax, semantics and discourse functions of Thai bare classifier phrases, and further proposes a diachronic account of their origin in reduction of post-posed numeral ‘one’. Following this synchronic and diachronic description, this article attempts to locate Thai within a working typology of bare classifier constructions in mainland Asian languages, and further argues for the importance of bare classifier constructions to the theory of classifiers more generally. Following Bisang (1999) and others, it argues that bare classifier constructions reveal the core function of classifiers in Asian languages to beindividuation– a referential function. It therefore cautions against some recent proposals to merge classifiers and gender markers within a single categorical space defined on the semantic basis of nominal classification, and in favour of continuing to treat classifiers as a discrete linguistic category – in mainland Asian languages, at least.

Abbreviated appelatives as independent modifications of abbreviations

The paper is devoted to compound abbreviated appellatives, i.e. non-initial common abbreviations, related to the collocations by means of “spontaneous” formation (in diachrony) and/or motivation (in synchrony).The relevance of the investigation is determined by implementing a new approach to interpreting abbreviation based on identifying onomasiologically significant mechanisms of the producing unit transformation into an abbreviation as well as on the differentiating synchronous and diachronic methods to abbreviations. As the result, the author can define new principles of abbreviations’ lexicographic description. The aim of the article is to establish the basic options for determining and describing compound abbreviated appellatives as an autonomous onomasiological type of abbreviations in diachrony and in synchrony. The novelty of the research consists in the following facts: firstly, the necessity to differentiate abbreviations as nominative units, arising from overcoming asymmetric dualism of descriptive collocations, from reductions, which act as formal doublets of abbreviated words because they preserve the onomasiological status of the original unit, is justified; secondly, it defines the reasons to refer compound abbreviated appellatives to an autonomous onomasiological class of abbreviations; thirdly, it shows the need to differentiate synchronous and diachronic descriptions of abbreviations. The practical significance lies in the fact that the results of the study can be used for composing dictionaries of abbreviations.

Cyfrowe narzędzia w dydaktyce akademickiej. Badania diachroniczne polskiej fleksji z użyciem systemu Chronofleks

This paper describes the possibilities of the diachronic description of Polish inflection by the Chronofleks system and using it in academic didactics of historical linguistics classes. In new didactic seems necessary to use solutions based on new technologies that use students’ digital skills. Therefore, the observations carried out were to check the extent to which Chronofleks is helpful both in verifying the information available in academic textbooks and in the independent acquisition of knowledge by students. Three grammar issues were selected for research: Kopczyński’s rules, distribution of historic singular endings of male nouns, and ending frequency of the first person plural of verbs. The tests showed that a student can successfully learn the morphology of old Polish using the Chronofleks tool. In addition, Chronofleks allows you to implement a self-study teaching model.

ФОЛЬКЛОРИСТ НА ПОЛЕ ДИАЛЕКТОЛОГА: КАК МЕТОД КАРТОГРАФИРОВАНИЯ ПОМОГАЕТ В ИССЛЕДОВАНИИ МИФОЛОГИИ

The article analyses the application of dialectological methods in studies of Slavic mythological system, as exemplified by the parallels between Polesie, the Carpathians and the Balkans. Possibility of implementing dialectology in the field of folklore studies is connected to the concept of ethnocultural area – a set of features, characteristic for a tradition, that are common in a certain area and stable geography-wise. The article considers dialectal distribution in Polesie of the following four motives: 1) «a snake that no one has seen acquires mythological features»; 2) a dead man becomes “walking dead”, if an animal has jumped over the body; 3) to keep the dead man from “walking” someone tells him nonsense; 4) a man turns into a werewolf, if his parents violated any prohibitions. Mapping of these motifs on the territory of Polesie demonstrates that their distribution is noted exclusively in central Polesie and, partially, in western Polesie. The density of these motives in the Polesie region is small, while in the Carpathian region they are represented widely. The presented material demonstrates the links between these regions. The mapping method allows us to understand the formation of Polesie mythological system and to solve the problem of diachronic description of the East Slavic tradition.

Vertical Readings in Dante’s ‘Comedy’, vol. iii. ed. by George Corbett, Heather Webb

 Reviews English which demand a deeper investigation than this short book is able to offer. ere is the intriguing matter of why some elements (baby and calcio are mentioned ) seem more prone to compounding than others, suggesting the operation of an internal dynamic that is susceptible of diachronic description. Comparison with other Romance languages would be instructive in order to judge the commonality or distinctiveness of some supposed Anglicisms (in Spanish, for example, it is considered that increased use of the be passive, not mentioned here for Italian, is attributable to English). Such comparison might also illuminate the history of pseudo-Anglicisms such as recordman and the apparently independent development of Anglicisms such as andare in tilt. But this book will be instrumental in stimulating interest in these and other lines of future enquiry. Q M U  L C J. P Vertical Readings in Dante’s ‘Comedy’, vol. . Ed. by G C and H W. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers. .  pp.£. (/ free). ISBN –––– ( ––––;  ––––). Vertical Readings in Dante’s ‘Comedy’ is the first series of readings of Dante Alighieri ’s Comedy which systematically follow a structure different from the traditional Lecturae Dantis: not a linear (‘horizontal’) reading of the poem, canto by canto, but a reading which runs perpendicular to the narration (‘vertical’), which passes through the three canticles of the poem at one time, grouping the samenumbered cantos of Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. e third and final volume of this series includes eleven readings, from Cantos  to  (the last essay is the only one which analyses four cantos: the s, with Canto  of Inferno). is project, published between two important anniversaries of Dante’s birth and death, is ground-breaking in setting a new way of looking at the Comedy and in providing a fruitful model for new series of the same or a similar kind. ‘Further vertical, but also [. . .] “diagonal” and “horizontal”’ readings, as wished for by the editors (p. ), have in fact already been suggested within this series. Although such a reading scheme could run the risk of forcing connections and interpretations (and indeed some threads appear stronger than others), it actually fosters original insights into single cantos and the poem as a whole. e variety of this third volume (which brings specific attention to the theological perspective), together with its internal interconnections, fully proves this potentiality. Some interesting key themes emerge among these diverse readings: imagery, numerology, corporeality, all-inclusiveness, movement and change, language and truth. Inspired by Mandelstam’s idea of the Comedy as an organic growing body, Peter Hawkins reads Cantos  following a thread of corporeality: from the hypocrites’ attention to the pilgrim’s living body, to the hollow aerial bodies of the penitent gluttons, to one of the most abstract cantos of Paradiso, which nonetheless shows for the first time the central materiality of Christ’s ‘bright Substance’ and the concrete maternal character of the Virgin Mary. We move from body to desire, as MLR, .,   related to identity and poetry, with Janet Soskice’s reading of Cantos : the is a wrong desire, the gluttons’ hunger is a form of desire, and the poets among them represent a form of ‘gluttonous’ poetry, which Dante’s sacred poem overcomes, in focusing on the only happily unending desire: faith. ‘Ardour’ is the thread in one of the strongest verticals, traced by Elena Lombardi: Cantos  feature Dante’s ‘trespassing’ alter egos, Ulysses and Adam, and his poetic father Guido Guinizzelli, cornerstones linked by particular images (flames and sea), lexical correspondences, and the interwoven themes of desire and language: wrong desire and deceitful language , good desire and true language. at ‘ardour’ is again highlighted by Piero Boitani in the pivotal Purgatorio , where Dante recognizes the ‘ancient flame’ of his love for Beatrice, who represents divine wisdom as opposed to Ulysses’ ‘flame’; fire is at the centre of a thread of water images in Cantos : from falsifiers’ thirst, through Dante’s flowing tears, to the Empyrean river. A vertical progression of concentric ‘containers’ is followed by Ronald Martinez reading Cantos : from the infernal inflamed containers of fraud and sin (among which we find again language), to the wall of fire between Purgatory and Earthly Paradise, to...

Language use nowadays in Russian communication

Abstract This article presents linguistic and communicative transformations in socially significant areas of modern communication in Russia. The authors apply a historical-comparative method as well as diachronic description and interpretation to analyze the processes taking place under the influence of intra- and extra-linguistic factors in various Internet and media genres, such as advertising, business and professional communication. It was found that the fusion of the features of communication and publication, the combination of dialogue and polylogue determine the “clickbait” nature of blogs and make blogging the most influential genre of Internet communication. The growing influence of oral speech and corporate rules in the field of business communication underlies the trend toward agrammatism of phrases. Innovations in the field of advertising manifest themselves on the verbal level of the slogan and its implicit influence on the recipient.

Diachronic frame analysis

Abstract Frame Semantics offers a valuable perspective on mechanisms of semantic change, particularly metonymy. However, corpus-based frame analysis has rarely been applied to diachronic data. The potential of this approach is illustrated with a diachronic description of the Purpose frame in French, based on 1,429 tokens of 17 frame-evoking words. Metonymic mappings in the frame allow Means and Medium to replace Agent. A multinomial logistic regression model shows that usage of these mappings has increased since 1600 and is conditioned by genre and the frequency and grammatical category of the frame-evoking word. The approach may inform how metonymy leads to lexicalized semantic change.

Silence in the Woods

This article explores the ethnographic, philosophical, and political background of the image of the northern peoples as “silent,” by analyzing the diachronic perspective descriptions of the Finno-Ugric peoples of the north who inhabit Western Siberia and the Russian North from the eighteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth. Early modern ethnographies treated the Siberian peoples as aggressive, although from the end of the eighteenth century this image was reassessed and a different view of the silent character of the indigenous people was introduced in scholarly literature. Silent conduct was assessed as an archaic quality of the Finno-Ugric temperament, or as the result of the colonial encounter. This manifestation of silence was the most distinctive marker of the modern transformations of power and knowledge in the arena of Siberian studies.

Decorative and Household Utensils in the Product Assortment of Lviv Experimental Ceramic and Sculpture Factory: The Issue of Formation

The aim of the research is to find out the form-making, artistic-constructive and technological features of small-scale production of Ukrainian glass-making enterprises at the end of the twentieth century on the basis of a separate category of products, namely decorative and household utensils. Research methodology. Methods of diachronic and synchronous description of artistic phenomena, method of formal analysis and synthesis, structural-functional and stylistically typological method as well as interview method are used. Scientific novelty. The article is a part of a scientific study that for the first time in the Ukrainian art studies addresses the problems of design of smallscale production of blown glass producers, in particular in the context of the work of one of the most developed enterprises of the country – Lviv experimental ceramic and sculpture factory. Conclusions . The blown glass manufactory LEKSF, which functioned during the period of 1962–2005, became the focal point for the continuation and development of the traditions of the classical Ukrainian blown glass and the base for the work of glass sculptors from the whole Soviet Union. Actually, in 1989 the international symposiums of blown glass in Lviv, which made it into the history of the world studio movement and had a significant impact on the development of glass making