Female Diabetic Patients Research Articles

Bioactive plant waste components targeting oral bacterial pathogens as a promising strategy for biofilm eradication.

The significance of this study lies in its exploration of bioactive plant extracts as a promising avenue for combating oral bacterial pathogens, offering a novel strategy for biofilm eradication that could potentially revolutionize oral health treatments. Oral bacterial infections are common in diabetic patients; however, due to the development of resistance, treatment options are limited. Considering the excellent antimicrobial properties of phenolic compounds, we investigated them against isolated oral pathogens using in silico and in vitro models. We performed antibiogram studies and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), antibiofilm, and antiquorum sensing activities covering phenolic compounds. Bacterial strains were isolated from female diabetic patients and identified by using 16S rRNA sequencing as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus chungangensis, Bacillus paramycoides, and Paenibacillus dendritiformis. Antibiogram studies confirmed that all strains were resistant to most tested antibiotics except imipenem and ciprofloxacin. Molecular docking analysis revealed the significant interaction of rutin, quercetin, gallic acid, and catechin with transcription regulator genes 1RO5, 4B2O, and 5OE3. All tested molecules followed drug-likeness rules except rutin. The MIC values of the tested compounds varied from 0.0625 to 0.5mg/mL against clinical isolates. Significant antibiofilm activity was recorded in the case of catechin (73.5% ± 1.6% inhibition against B. paramycoides), cinnamic acid (80.9% ± 1.1% inhibition against P. aeruginosa), and vanillic acid and quercetin (65.5% ± 1.7% and 87.4% ± 1.4% inhibition, respectively, against B. chungangensis) at 0.25-0.125mg/mL. None of the phenolic compounds presented antiquorum sensing activity. It was, therefore, concluded that polyphenolic compounds may have the potential to be used against oral bacterial biofilms, and further detailed mechanistic investigations should be performed.

Assessment the Levels of Serum Ferritin and Some Biochemical Parameters in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects Attending A Tertiary Hospital in Bangladesh

Background: Type 2 diabetes (NIDDM) is the commonest form of diabetes constituting nearly 90% of the diabetic population in any country. Iron is an important mineral in normal physiological processes, and ferritin is a specialized iron storage protein, which reflects iron stores in the body. Iron overload is a risk factor for diabetes. The link between iron and diabetes was first recognized in pathologic conditions-hereditary hemochromatosis and thalassemia, but high levels of dietary iron also import diabetes risk. Iron plays a direct and causal role in diabetes pathogenesis mediated both by β-cell failure and insulin resistance. The objective of the study to evaluate serum ferritin level among type 2 diabetes patients. Method: A hospital based observational study a total of 240 subjects among them 60 male diabetes patients and 60 female diabetes patients were recruited. Serum ferritin level were checked in all participants. Results: The mean age of T2DM was 59  14 years and control group was 50  13 years. The BMI of each group was 27.52  2.6 and 24.80  2.4. Ferritin (ng/dL) level in T2 DM subjects was 231  36 and control subjects was 48  22. Serum ferritin level among the study subjects control vs T2 DM, t/p value (8.465/0.0001). Conclusion: From this study it was observed that ferritin level is significantly higher among type 2 diabetes patients.

Prevalence of oral lesions and evaluation of the periodontal status among diabetic females attending Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU).

To evaluate the prevalence of different oral lesions and periodontal status among diabetic Saudi female patients in the College of Dentistry, PNU University. A retrospective study was performed by reviewing the files of all patients who visited the College of Dentistry, PNU University, during the last 5 years. We selected diabetic 20-40-year-old Saudi female patients. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of PNU University. Data collection sheets were used to gather information on demographics, education, medical and dental history, and extra and intra-oral findings. Data on the duration of diabetes, any major complications, and type of diabetes therapy were retrieved from medical records. The data were entered into an Excel sheet, and descriptive statistics were performed. The analytical phase proceeded to correlate oral lesions with patient age, type of diabetes, and periodontal status. A total of 226 diabetic patients were found after reviewing the records. The most common oral mucosal lesions were traumatic ulcers (10.2%), cheek biting (8.8%), and fissured tongue (8.4%). Furthermore, 81.86% of them had periodontitis, and 18.14% had a healthy periodontal status. The prevalence of periodontitis among diabetic female patients is higher than that of oral lesions. Stage III periodontitis showed the strongest association to oral lesion.

Correlation of HbA1c with red cell width distribution and other red cell indices in Type II diabetic females.

Objective: To assess the correlation of HbA1c with hemoglobin concentration, RWD, and other red cell indices in Type II diabetes mellitus female patients. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Physiology, Al Nafees Medical College, and Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. Period: January 2019 to December 2020. Material & Methods: The study included 70 adult female diabetic patients, adhering to International Diabetes Federation guidelines. Exclusion criteria encompassed uncontrolled diabetes, pregnancy, renal issues, cardiac failure, and hemoglobinopathies. Laboratory tests, such as Complete Blood Count and HbA1c measurements, were conducted. SPSS version 23 was used for statistical analysis, employing mean, standard deviation, and Pearson's correlation to assess relationships among HbA1c, hemoglobin, Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW), and other red cell parameters. Results: A total of 70 female patients with diagnosed Type II diabetes mellitus were included in our study with a mean age of 40.45±12.70 years. The Mean±SD of study variables like HbA1c, hemoglobin, MCV, MCHC, RDW, and FBS of the patients was 5.91±0.89%, 11.23±1.59 gm/dl, 76.32±9.50fl, 31.02±3.39mg/dl, 12.78±1.51 and 100.53±15.52mg/dl respectively. A significant correlation between HbA1c and RDW was found and showed that both variables were positively correlated with each other. (r= 320, p=0.001). Conclusion: RDW correlates with HbA1C in female Type II diabetes patients, suggesting CBC, including RDW, as a cost-effective diagnostic marker alongside HbA1c for glycemic status assessment.

OSTEOPOROSIS INDICATORS IN DIABETIC WOMEN: THE INTERPLAY OF CALCITONIN, CALCIUM, VITAMIN D, AND ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE

Background: Type 2 diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Diabetes mellitus is common worldwide because an average adult's bloodstream has 100 milligrams per deciliter of glucose at five to ten grams. Diabetes-related renal and cardiovascular diseases are more expensive and medically burdensome. One common bone disease is osteoporosis, characterized by weakening bones that increase fracture risk, causing discomfort, impaired function, and lower quality of life. Aim: This study aims to evaluate some biochemical variables for diabetic female patients (Calcitonin, Ca, Vitamin D, ALP). Methods: The study included blood samples from 120 women. The samples were classified into two groups, a control group with 40 samples and a group of diabetic patients with 80 samples. The study was conducted at the Endocrinology and Diabetes Center in Maysan Governorate from January 2023 to April 2023. The women’s samples were medically checked by a diabetes specialist and were diagnosed with diabetes, and some of them are obese according to (BMI and HbA1c) levels. Pregnant women and smokers were excluded. The ELISA method using a SUNLONG calcitonin kit was used to determine the serum level of calcitonin; the (Ca, ALP) kits manufactured by A15 BioSystems were used to determine calcium and Alkaline Phosphatase, while Vitamin D used a VIDAS kit. Results: The current findings revealed a significant effect (p<0.05) in all variables in D.M. patients that were detected compared to the control group (The control group was chosen on the basis that individuals are free of diabetes, obesity, and other chronic diseases and within the age group 20-65 years). The results show a significant decrease in Calcitonin and Calcium (p<0.05), and non-significant differences in Vitamin D and ALP (p>0.05) in D.M. patients, which was detected in comparison with the control group concentrations. Discussion: The current study's findings indicate that calcitonin reduces circulating calcium, leading to the theory that its physiological role in hypercalcemia may be involved in returning average serum calcium concentrations. A vitamin D shortage compromises pancreatic beta cells' ability to secrete insulin in response to glucose, pancreatic cells express vitamin D receptors that bind to the active circulating form, 1,25 (O.H.)2D. Conclusions: The study underscores the significant changes in calcitonin and calcium levels in diabetic female patients compared to healthy controls, suggesting the need for careful monitoring of these biochemical variables in diabetes management. The findings offer new insights into the metabolic aspects of diabetes, highlighting potential areas for therapeutic intervention.

Prescription pattern analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a cross-sectional study in Isfahan, Iran

BackgroundPatients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are at a higher risk of polypharmacy and more susceptible to irrational prescriptions; therefore, pharmacological therapy patterns are important to be monitored. The primary objective of this study was to highlight current prescription patterns in T2DM patients and compare them with existing Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. The second objective was to analyze whether age and gender affect prescription patterns.MethodThis cross-sectional study was conducted using the Iran Health Insurance Organization (IHIO) prescription database. It was mined by an Association Rule Mining (ARM) technique, FP-Growth, in order to find co-prescribed drugs with anti-diabetic medications. The algorithm was implemented at different levels of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system, which assigns different codes to drugs based on their anatomy, pharmacological, therapeutic, and chemical properties to provide an in-depth analysis of co-prescription patterns.ResultsAltogether, the prescriptions of 914,652 patients were analyzed, of whom 91,505 were found to have diabetes. According to our results, prescribing Lipid Modifying Agents (C10) (56.3%), Agents Acting on The Renin-Angiotensin System (C09) (48.9%), Antithrombotic Agents (B01) (35.7%), and Beta Blocking Agents (C07) (30.1%) were meaningfully associated with the prescription of Drugs Used in Diabetes. Our study also revealed that female diabetic patients have a higher lift for taking Thyroid Preparations, and the older the patients were, the more they were prone to take neuropathy-related medications. Additionally, the results suggest that there are gender differences in the association between aspirin and diabetes drugs, with the differences becoming less pronounced in old age.ConclusionsAlmost all of the association rules found in this research were clinically meaningful, proving the potential of ARM for co-prescription pattern discovery. Moreover, implementing level-based ARM was effective in detecting difficult-to-spot rules. Additionally, the majority of drugs prescribed by physicians were consistent with the Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes.

Significance of fatty liver index to detect prevalent ischemic heart disease: evidence from national health and nutrition examination survey 1999-2016.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) contributes to the development of ischemic heart disease via multiple mechanisms. Fatty liver index (FLI) has been proposed as an accurate, convenient, and economic surrogate of the severity of NAFLD. Our present study aims to assess the association between FLI and the prevalent IHD and to evaluate the potential value of FLI to refine the detection of prevalent IHD in the general population. Our work recruited 32,938 subjects from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2016. IHD was diagnosed according to the subjects' self-report. FLI was determined based on triglycerides, BMI, γ-glutamyltransferase, and waist circumference. 2,370 (7.20%) subjects were diagnosed with IHD. After adjustment of age, sex, race, current smoking, current drinking, PIR, BMI, WC, TC, TG, GGT, Scr, FPG, SBP, anti-hypertensive therapy, anti-diabetic therapy, and lipid-lowering therapy, one standard deviation increase of FLI resulted in a 27.0% increment of the risk of prevalent IHD. In the quartile analysis, we observed a 1.684 times risk of prevalent IHD when comparing the fourth quartile with the first quartile, and there was a trend towards higher risk across the quartiles. The smooth curve fitting displayed a linear relationship between FLI and the presence of IHD without any threshold or saturation effect. Subgroup analysis revealed a robust association in conventional cardiovascular subpopulations, and the association could be more prominent in female subjects and diabetes patients. ROC analysis demonstrated an incremental value of FLI for detecting prevalent IHD after introducing it to conventional cardiovascular risk factors (AUC: 0.823 vs. 0.859, P for comparison <0.001). Also, results from reclassification analysis implicated that more IHD patients could be correctly identified by introducing FLI into conventional cardiovascular risk factors (continuous net reclassification index: 0.633, P < 0.001; integrated discrimination index: 0.034, P < 0.001). The current analysis revealed a positive and linear relationship between FLI and the prevalent IHD. Furthermore, our findings suggest the incremental value of FLI to refine the detection of prevalent IHD in the general population.

Diabetes-specific quality of life scale (DSQOL): Translation and validation of Urdu short version

ABSTRACT&#x0D; BACKGROUND &amp; OBJECTIVE: Quality of life has been affected by numerous psychosocial factors. Thus, for diabetic patients, it was necessary to identify the underlying factors, keeping in view the cultural norms. The objective of the current study was to validate the cultural norms of DSQOL (Diabetes-Specific Quality of Life Scale) through translation into "Urdu" language.&#x0D; METHODOLOGY: A correlational research design was used in the study. Initially, the forward and backward translation method was followed to translate DSQOL. Afterward, the final Urdu translated version (20 items) was tested on a representative sample of 200 diabetic patients to establish its psychometric properties.&#x0D; RESULTS: Internal consistency and correlational matrix of original, Urdu, and English scales yielded reliable results. In the main study, 200 male and female diabetic patients with an age range of 30-70 years and an average of (M±SD;45±8.25) participated. The reliability analysis showed a significant alpha coefficient for five subscales; "Social relations (α= .80), Physical complaints (α=.90), Worries about the future (α= .88), Daily hassles (α= .88), and Emotional worries (α=.87)". The item analysis of Urdu version confirmed the item total correlation of all subscales except three items. Further, CFA confirmed the factor structure of the newly translated Urdu version of DSQOL through AMOS (Analysis of Moment Structure), and the model yielded acceptable model fit indices (CFI=.90; NFI= .90). The Final Urdu version of DSQOL had 20 items.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: The Urdu version of DSQOL is a valid and reliable measure for assessing the diabetics-specific quality of life. This translated tool overcame the cultural barrier with respect to language and norms.

Crowned Dens Syndrome: A Rare Cause of Sudden Onset Neck Pain

Objective: To report a case of Crowned Dens Syndrome (CDS), which is a rare disorder caused by crystal deposition by calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate in the peridontoid soft tissues surrounding the C1 and C2 vertebrae that presents in elderly with sudden onset neck pain, neck stiffness, fever, and elevated inflammatory markers, with periodontal calcification in a halo or crown configuration on radiography considered diagnostic.Methods: A 64-year-old diabetic and hypertensive female patient presented with a 6-day history of sudden onset posterior neck pain and stiffness. Movements of the cervical spine were equally limited in all directions, causing marked aggravation of pain. There was no focal neurologic loss. Her inflammatory markers were markedly raised.Results: Based on radiography, she was diagnosed with Crowned Dens syndrome and started on oral prednisolone, paracetamol, and tizanidine along with topical diclofenac. Oral NSAIDs were contraindicated due to her renal insufficiency.Conclusion: Crowned Dens Syndrome (CDS) is a rare cause of neck pain. Clinicians should consider this syndrome in their differential diagnosis. Timely diagnosis and treatment of CDS will lead to avoidance of unnecessary investigations and medications in such patients, along with a reduction in the length of stay.

Somatotype Characteristics of Bulgarian Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

The aim of the present study was to determine the somatotype of adult Bulgarian patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Sixty male and 60 female patients aged 20 to 40 years were involved in the study. A sample of healthy Bulgarian individuals (40 females and 40 males) in the same age range as the patients was used as a control group. The measurements were done by direct anthropometry. The Heath–Carter anthropometric method was used to rate the somatotype components of each participant. The mean somatotype of the female diabetic patients was mesomorphic endomorph (endo 5.37; meso 4.51; ecto 1.42). The endomorphic component was dominant, followed by the mesomorphic component and the ectomorphic component with the lowest rating. The mean somatotype of the control females was balanced endomorph (endo 3.74; meso 2.81; ecto 2.98). The endomorphic component was dominant, but the mesomorphic and ectomorphic components were equally presented. The values of endomorphic and mesomorphic components were significantly higher in the female patients than in the healthy women. In males, both the diabetic patients and control individuals presented with endomorphic mesomorph somatotype: patients (endo 3.94; meso 4.66; ecto 2.37) and controls (endo 4.34; meso 5.19; ecto 2.22). The mesomorphic component was dominant, followed by the endomorphic component and the ectomorphic component was with the lowest rating. The mesomorphic component was significantly greater in the healthy males than in the male patients.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolated from diabetic patients in Mogadishu, Somalia.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a major concern for diabetic patients due to the impact of diabetes on the urinary tract and immune system. Escherichia coli is the most common pathogen causing UTIs in diabetic patients and is known for its resistance. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli strains isolated from diabetic patients in Mogadishu, Somalia. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Ummah Hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia, from November 2021 to April 2022. Clean catch mid-stream urine specimens were collected from each participant and uropathogens were identified using standard techniques. The samples were cultured on CLED agar and antibiotic susceptibility patterns were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. The overall prevalence of uropathogens among diabetic patients was 236/350 (67.5%) with Escherichia coli being the most common organism. According to multivariate logistic regression, the results showed that Female diabetic patients had a significantly higher likelihood of developing UTIs compared to males (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.357-4.522, p = 0.003). The duration of diabetes, history of previous UTIs, and previous antibiotic use were also significantly associated with UTIs. All isolates were found to be resistant to Cefotaxime (100%). In addition, high resistance rates were observed with ofloxacin (91%), ciprofloxacin (77.8%), amikacin (60.9%), ceftriaxone (58.3%), and cefepime (51.8%). The most sensitive antibiotics were colistin and imipenem (99.6 and 88.6%, respectively), followed by gentamycin (70%). This study found a high prevalence of uropathogens and increased multi-drug resistance. Continuous surveillance is needed to monitor uropathogen prevalence and resistance rates, guiding treatment recommendations, rational prescription programs, and policy decisions.

Predictive value of adiposity index in identifying depression in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indian population

Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients are four times more prone to develop depression. Common subjective tool to evaluate depression is Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Depression in T2DM remains unaddressed because of lack of objective tools resulting in poor treatment compliance. Both obesity and metabolic disturbances could influence mental health status. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the better adiposity index to predict depression in T2DM. Materials and Methods: In this clinic-based cross-sectional study, 400 individuals (260 = T2DM and 140 = healthy) were recruited. Based on PHQ-9, T2DM patients were divided into T2DM + Dep (PHQ-9 ≤ 10) and T2DM-Dep (PHQ-9 &lt; 10). The relationship between the PHQ-9 score and adiposity indices was examined by Pearson’s/Spearman’s correlation. The receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis was used to identify the cutoff value. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 version (IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Results: Female diabetic patients showed significant correlation only in lipid accumulation product index (LAPI) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) (r = 0.206 and r = 0.0.237, respectively), while male diabetic patients did not show any significant association. Interestingly, T2DM + Dep group showed significant association between LAPI (r = 0.248) with PHQ-9 score, while T2DM-Dep group did not show significant association. VAI had maximum area under the curve in T2DM patients (0.619, p = 0.002) as well as in female diabetic patients (0.684, p = 0.002). The cutoff value for identifying depression among diabetic individuals was 5.60, with 70.3% sensitivity and 48.2% specificity, while in diabetic females, it was 6.612, with 70% sensitivity and 61.4% specificity. Conclusions: VAI might be the best adiposity index to predict depression among diabetic individuals.

Knowledge of Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose and the Degree of Self Titration of Anti-Diabetic Drugs in Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir

Objectives: In the context of managing diabetes mellitus, self-blood glucose monitoring is crucial. While self-blood glucose monitoring, all instructions must be followed, and keeping record is crucial to help the doctor titrate the medications and dosages of anti-diabetes medicines. Furthermore, it is important to prevent patients from self-titrating after self-monitoring of blood glucose. The aim of the study is to evaluate the knowledge and practice of self-blood glucose monitoring among diabetes patients as well as the level of self-titration of anti-diabetic medications among diabetes patients. Study design and setting: This cross-sectional community based research was conducted in Rawalakot (Azad Jammu &amp; Kashmir) from December 2021 to June 2022. Methodology: A validated questionnaire was filled by 171 adult male and female diabetes patients who self-monitored their blood sugar levels at home. Patients with diabetic complications and those with juvenile diabetes were excluded from the study. Results: Only 46 (26.9%) of the 171 patients reported knowing about and correctly implementing self-blood glucose monitoring. 125 patients (73.1%) lacked the necessary information and did not accurately monitor self-blood glucose. On the basis of self-monitoring, 111 people (64.9 percent) acknowledged that they self-titrate their anti-diabetic medications. Conclusion: Blood glucose self-monitoring should be promoted, and patients should be instructed by a doctor or diabetes educator on the significance of following the correct procedures of doing the self-monitoring of glucose.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis and sepsis in a diabetic female patient caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli – case report

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a rare, severe, spontaneous gas-forming infection of renal parenchyma and its surrounding areas. EPN was detected in diabetic patients. A 49-year-old female with type I diabetes mellitus presented with severe thrombocytopenia, acute kidney injury (AKI) and was in need of haemodialysis treatment. She had impaired liver function tests, with active urine sediment, indicating severe upper urinary tract infection with suspected sepsis. The contrast enhanced CT scan of the abdomen showed multiple areas of air density in renal parenchyma and perirenal regions, suggestive of left-side EPN. The blood and urine cultures reported growth of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli. The final diagnosis of emphysematous pyelonephritis complicated with severe sepsis and AKI was established. The patient was managed conservatively with wide-spectrum antibiotics, fluid resuscitation, consistent blood sugar control, and haemodialysis treatment. Percutaneous drainage techniques (PCD) and nephrectomy were postponed because of the initial clinical response to the antibiotics treatment. However, the patient experienced sudden clinical deterioration and died only a few hours after the established diagnosis. An autopsy was not performed upon the patient’s family’s request. EPN should be highly suspected in poorly controlled diabetic patients with urinary tract infection and should be promptly recognized and aggressively treated. The patients with multiple risk factors had high mortality, even with timely diagnosis and combined (conservative and surgical) treatment.

Gender Disparity in the Management of Diabetes among Residents of Sabon Gari Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria

Gender has been shown to play a major role in the level of management of diabetes mellitus (DM) especially in this part of the world. This study therefore looked into the possibility and level of difference in the management of the condition among patients resident in Sabon Gari Local Government Area (LGA) of Kaduna State, Nigeria. The number of diabetic patients recruited for the study was 250 (aged 35 and above), comprising of 135 and 115 female and male patients respectively. A total of 5mL of blood was taken from the subjects after 10 hour fasting, out of which 3mL was centrifuged and the separated serum analysed for glucose. The remaining 2mL was analysed immediately for glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C). Samples were collected over a period of eight months after which comparison of parameters between both genders was done in order to determine extent of diabetes management. There was a significant difference between the parameters of the female diabetic patients (Mean Fasting Blood Glucose, FBG = 189±82.30mg/dL; Mean HbA1C = 8.5±3.18%) and those of the male diabetic patients (FBG = 223±89.00mg/dL; Mean HbA1C = 9.8±3.39%). The glycaemic markers were significantly lower (though still within the diabetic range) among the female patients as compared with the male patients. Conclusively, the female patients had their diabetes better managed and controlled than their male counterparts.

1084-P: The Trend of Korean Diabetes Patients’ Foot EMG Wave Pattern Age over 65

Depending on the healthcare system, ethnicity, and diet, delaying complications related to diabetes differ in each country. Diabetic ulcer accompanied by neuropathy of the foot is the key indicator for the development of complications. Therefore finding the total number of impaired feet with foot muscle dystrophy may understand how the diabetes progression of the patients is controlled by public health organization structures. Korea is one of the nations which adopted a national wide government-organized healthcare insurance system compared with private. In this study, we examined how Korean diabetic feet are controlled by the Korean public health care system. To figure out this, diabetes subjects' foot EMG were examined by STEMG-2 (STUFProject EMG Device-2) by checking 3-second foot up and down movement. Age over 65 who suffered from 50 male and female diabetes patients and 50 male and female nondiabetic patients the foot EMG was tested. After finishing the test results EMG was converted into a digital signal by 1024 arbitrary units and plotted wave pattern with subtracting reference. As a result, 98% of nondiabetics showed constant wave patterns corresponding to muscle relaxation and contraction. Whereas, 86% of diabetes patients have constant EMG wave patterns and only 14% have inconsistent EMG wave patterns. 84% of male and 78% of female diabetes patients have similar wave patterns to nondiabetes individuals Also patients who are BMI less than 23 have 96% of constant patterns. 80% of patients' glucose levels below 180 mg/dl have constant wave patterns. However, 60% of patients over 180mg/dl glucose level have inconsistent patterns. In the conclusion, 86% of Korean diabetes patients are controlling muscle destruction could happen a chronic effect of diabetes. Even 13% of diabetes patients who showed abnormal wave patterns, may have some acute cramp with the foot but visually all toes are intact. This may means the progression of diabetic complications is controlled by the Korean national health system. Disclosure W. Kim: None. M. Park: None. Funding National Research Foundation of Korea (HNU X-Corps)

Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Sensorineural hearing loss are common neurological deficit, and diabetes mellitus is a common cause for these problems. Hearing impairment affects the quality of life of diabetic patients. Many researchers found hearing impairment in diabetic patients because diabetes mellitus can cause sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) because of neuropathy and microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Aim of the study: The study aims to sensorineural hearing loss in diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic control. Patients and methods: A prospective case control study is performed during the period between Jan 2018 and May 2019. This case series study included 100 known cases of diabetes mellitus, their ages were between 20-60 years, treated at Al-wafaa center, which is specialized center for treatment and follow up of diabetic patients, and Al-Jumhory Teaching Hospital in Mosul. The control group included 100 individuals who did not have any diabetes mellitus or any of the exclusion criteria mentioned in the study. Results: It has been found that sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) was more common in diabetic patients group than controls group, 21% versus 8%. The prevalence of (SNHL) was more in male 31.7% than female diabetic patients 13.5%. Hearing threshold in diabetic patients was higher than that in control group. The hearing loss in diabetic patients is slowly progressive and directly related to the duration of diabetes. Conclusions: Sensorineural hearing loss has been found to be more common in diabetic patients than in control group, and the hearing loss in diabetic patients is slowly progressive. The hearing threshold in diabetic patients had a direct correlation with the duration of disease.

Is there a relationship between the urinary iodine of pregnant and diabetic patients?

We investigated the iodine status in this study in pregnant women, diabetic women-men, and nondiabetic men-women living in our region. A total of 385 cases who applied to the endocrine clinic between 2015 and 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. The gender, age, free T3 (pg/ml), free T4 (ng/dl), TSH (μIU/mL), anti-TPO antibody (IU/ml), anti-thyroglobulin antibody (IU/ml), and random urine iodine concentration (μg/L) levels of cases were recorded. The cases were grouped as pregnant, female, male, diabetic female, and diabetic male. Cases with overt thyroid disease, heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure were excluded. There were 6.75% (n = 26) pregnant, 54.8% (n = 211) nondiabetic female patients, 18.9% (n = 73) diabetic female patients, 12.7% (n = 49) nondiabetic male, and 4.15% (n = 16) diabetic male patients. The random urinary iodine level was significantly higher in nondiabetic women (112.9 ± 77.21) and diabetic women (140.7 ± 97.8) than in pregnant women (77.8 ± 31.8) (P = 0.00 and P = 0.03). There was no significant relationship between random urine levels of pregnant women and nondiabetic men (104.1 ± 82.6) (P = 0.16). The random urinary iodine level was significantly higher in diabetic men (170.0 ± 112.1) than in pregnant women (P = 0.00). In our region (xxx Region), pregnant women had iodine deficiency. The iodine level in men and women was very close to the lower limit. The urinary iodine level was higher in diabetic women and diabetic men than in both pregnant women and nondiabetic women and nondiabetic men. The results brought us the question: Could the high spot urinary iodine level in diabetic patients be a clue to nephropathy?

Neurological Features and Their Association With Gender in Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

Introduction Understanding the wide range of clinical signs and symptoms associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) is crucial because people with DM are frequently misdiagnosed, given incorrect care, or poorly controlled. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the neurological symptoms associated with type 1 and type 2 DM patients with respect topatient gender. Methods This was a cross-sectional multicenter study that was conducted at different hospitals using a non-probability sampling method. The duration of the study was eight months, from January 2022to August 2022. The study involved 525 type 1 and type 2 DM patientswith an age rangefrom 35 to 70 years. Demographic details such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, past medical history, presence of comorbidities, type, and duration of DM, and neurological features were recorded as frequencies and percentages. A Chi-square test was used to determine the association between neurological symptoms associated with type 1 and type 2 DM and gender. Results The study findings showed thatof 525 diabetic patients, 210 (40.0%) were females and 315 (60.0%) were males. The mean male and female mean ages were 57.36±14.99 and 50.52±14.8 years, respectively, with a significant difference withrespect to gender (p<0.001). The prevalence of neurological manifestations showed that irritability or mood swings were reported by most of the male 216 (68.6%) and 163 (77.6%) female diabetic patients, with a significant association noticed (p=0.022). Moreover, a significant association was observed between both genders in terms of swelling of feet, ankles, hands, and eyes (p=0.042), confusion or difficulty in concentration (p=0.040), burning pain in feet or legs (p=0.012), and muscular pain or cramps in legs or feet (p=0.016). Conclusion This study concluded that the prevalence of neurological manifestations was high among diabetic patients. Most of the neurological symptoms were significantly more pronounced in female diabetic patients. Moreover, most of the neurological symptoms were associated with the type (type 2 DM) and duration of DM. The presence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and smoking also influenced some neurological manifestations.

Angiographic Finding in Acute Coronary Syndrome in Female Patient’s Diabetic vs Non-Diabetic

Background: From January 2018 to July 2018, a study was conducted at Hayatabad Medical Complex's Department of Cardiology to analyze the angiographic results of female patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The study group consisted of 75 female patients with ACS; thirty patients were diabetic, while the remaining forty-five were non-diabetic. Results from angiography revealed that single vessel disease (36.67%) was the most common finding in non-diabetic patients, followed by two vessel disease (31.11%). The study found that disease severity in diabetic patients varied more, with the majority (43.33%) having two vessel disease. Single vessel disease (33.33%) and three vessel disease (23.33%) were also frequently observed. Conversely, non-diabetic patients displayed more normal coronaries (44.44%) while diabetic patients tended to have more diseased vessels (66.67%). Ultimately, the study determined that female diabetics with ACS exhibit a wider range of complex diseases compared to their non-diabetic counterparts. Objectives: From January 2018 to July 2018, Department of Cardiology at Hayatabad Medical Complex in Peshawar received admissions for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in both diabetic and non-diabetic female patients. Our present study aims to compare the findings of their angiograms. Methodology: The present study had 75 female patients admitted to Hayatabad Medical Complex's Cardiology Department between January and July 2018 for ACS. Medical records were reviewed for age, medical history, and angiography findings. A comparison of non-diabetic and diabetic patients showed 45 and 30 patients, respectively. The severity of the ACS was determined by the number of vessel involvement and coronary artery status in the angiography report. Results: Single vessel disease was identified as the most common finding in 36.67% of non-diabetic patients, while two vessel disease was noted in 31.11%. However, in diabetic patients, the most frequent discovery was two vessel disease with 43.33%, followed by single vessel disease in 33.33% and three vessel disease in 23.33%. In terms of coronary artery status, more non-diabetic patients had normal coronaries (44.44%) in contrast to diabetic patients who showed more diseased vessels with a percentage of 66.67%. Conclusion: The study revealed a greater range and complexity of illness severity among female ACS patients with diabetes than those without. This indicates that those with diabetes are more susceptible to severe ACS forms, underscoring the importance of their careful monitoring to minimize the chances of cardiovascular complications. Keywords: ACS, Angiography, Diabetic, Non-Diabetic, Coronary Artery.