Diabetes Patient Education Research Articles

Feasibility of Simulation in Therapeutic Patient Education for Adult Diabetic Patients Using the Freestyle Libre® Device

Feasibility of Simulation in Therapeutic Patient Education for Adult Diabetic Patients Using the Freestyle Libre® Device

Assessment of life-skill for patient adults with diabetes mellitus type II

Objective: Study aims are to identify the type2 diabetes clients' life skills, and find out the relationship between variables which are (Age, gender, educational level, duration of DM diagnosis, and monthly income) with type diabetes clients 'life skills. Methodology: Quantitative design descriptive study was carried out through the present investigation from 2 January 2014to 2 2014 in order to achieve the objectives of the present study. A non-probability (purposive) sample, (200) cases which consists of clients who were attending An Nasiriyha Diabetic Center. The data were collected by utilization of the study instruments and employment of scheduled personal interview as means data collection. The data collection process was performed from 22/ July / 2014to / November / 2014. A questionnaire was designed constructed by the researcher to measure the variable. Such a construction was employed through the review of literature and related studies. The questionnaire consisted of seven parts which are demographical, and 6 diabetics life skills indicators. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined through a pilot study and the validity through 14 a panel of experts. The data were analyzed through the application of descriptive statistic frequency, percentage, and the application of inferential statistical procedures, which include Pearson correlation coefficient, and contingency coefficient. Results: Highest percent of the study samples (37.5) were (50-59) years old. with the mean age (52±7.1) years, (72%) 0f them are without of type diabetes client' life skills, were married male, with low educational level. group's duration of type DM diagnosis was (1-5) years. insufficient monthly income, unemployed, overweight. they had information from their physician, and diagnosed indecently measuring blood glucose level. There were significant association between type diabetes clients’ life skills and (age, educational level, monthly income). And there were no significant association with another variable. Recommendations: The researcher recommended that newly diagnose diabetic patients should be improving life skills by involved in educational program & supply by booklet which include typ2 diabetes clients' life skills and supported by videotapes to enforce their practices with nurse supervision during visit them to the center .and instructed to periodic blood glucose test, with control their blood sugar and body weight to avoid complications. Nurse in addition to the physician, have an important role to playing the education, counseling and skills building of diabetic patients.

Migration and diabetes (Update 2019)

The article deals with the demographic data of migration in Austria and with therapeutic advice concerning drug therapy and diabetes education for patients with migration background. In this context sociocultural specifics are discussed. These suggestions are seen complementary to the general treatment guidelines of the Austrian Diabetes Association.The fasting month Ramadan is widely practiced by the Muslim population worldwide. Ensuring the optimal care of the many people with diabetes who fast during Ramadan is crucial. The IDF-DAR Practical Guidelines (International Diabetes Federation - Diabetes and Ramadan International Alliance) provide healthcare professionals with relevant background information and practical recommendations to enable them to help patients with diabetes participate in fasting during Ramadan while minimizing the risk of complications.

The effect of frequent diabetes self-management education on glucose control in patients with diabetes at the Dubai Diabetes Center in Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Aims: The aim of this study is to retrospectively assess the effect of ongoing diabetes self-management education (DSME) on glycemic control among patients who received diabetes care at the Dubai Diabetes Center in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Materials and Methods: The electronic medical records of all patients who attended the Dubai Diabetes Center for an initial visit between January and December 2015 were reviewed. Results: Patients who attended frequent follow-up visits (≥4 visits) within 1 year were found to have significantly lower HbA1c levels at the end of the 12-month study period as compared to those who attended less frequent follow-up visits (< visits). The mean difference in HbA1c from the initial visit was significantly greater in the group that attended frequent follow-up visits as compared to those who did not. The logistic regression analysis revealed the frequency of follow-ups to be a significant predictor of glycemic control, whereby patients who attended more frequent follow-ups had better glycemic control. Conclusions: Our research revealed the significance of frequent diabetes patient education on glycemic control in the United Arab Emirates. Our results can aid in shedding light that frequent and continued DSME can have a positive impact on disease outcomes in patients with diabetes.

A systematic Review Study on the Results of Empowerment-Based Interventions in Diabetic Patients

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent diseases caused by metabolic disorders and an important global challenge. Empowerment is a collaborative approach to diabetes care and patient education. In this study, our intention is to systematically review the effects of empowerment interventions in diabetic patients, in order to understand the impact of empowerment on diabetic patients, this study was conducted with the aim of doing this. Materials and Methods: In this systematic review, we used the articles published in the last 30 years regarding the results of empowerment interventions in patients with diabetes. It was conducted in English and Persian by searching articles in search engines, scholarly sites and databases Magiran, Google Scholar, Embase, ResearchGate, Sciencedirect, PubMed, Springer. In the first stage 40 articles were found. Of these, 15 related articles that have been published in the last 30 years have been reviewed. Results: In this study, 15 papers were reviewed the empowerment approach of diabetic patients increases the level of knowledge, Increasing self-efficacy and improving the quality of life of adolescents, Making positive changes in the overall scale of attitude towards the disease and the patient's independent independence scale, Improve self-esteem scores and self-care and reducing the amount of hemoglobin A1C, Improve overall self-care behaviors, Reducing Glycosylated Hemoglobin and Improving Quality of Life, Blood glucose control (decrease in HbA1c), and so on. Conclusion: The review of this review confirms the importance of empowerment-based interventions on increased control and self-care in diabetes patients in diabetic patients. Not paying attention to all dimensions of empowerment, not paying attention to the impact of demographic variables on empowerment, failure to follow up programs Lack of training by specialist staff and so on Can be seen by reviewing the results of the studies. Therefore, considering the broad concept of empowerment and as an effective approach to protecting patients with diabetes, it's necessary these restrictions will be considered in future research.

Impact of a Pharmacy-Initiated Inpatient Diabetes Patient Education Program on 30-Day Readmission Rates

Background: In October 2012, a pharmacy-driven Inpatient Diabetes Patient Education (IDPE) program was implemented at the University of Toledo Medical Center (UTMC). Objective: To determine the difference in 30-day hospital readmission rates for patients who receive IDPE compared to those who do not. Methods: This retrospective cohort was completed at UTMC. Patients admitted between October 1, 2012, and September 30, 2013, were included if they were ≥18 years and had one of the following: (1) diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, (2) blood glucose >200 mg/dL (>11.11 mmol/L) on admission, or (3) hemoglobin A1C of >6.5% (>48 mmol/mol). Patients who received IDPE from a pharmacist or student pharmacist (intervention group) were compared to patients who did not receive IDPE (control group). Results: The 30-day readmission rate was 13.2% for the intervention group (n = 364) and 21.5% for the control group (n = 149) (P = .023). Average time to 30-day readmission was 13.1 (±8.3) days for the IDPE group and 11.9 (±7.9) days for the control group. There was no significant difference in diabetes-related readmission between the intervention and control groups (25.5% vs 21.9%). Conclusions: An IDPE program delivered primarily by pharmacists and student pharmacists significantly reduced 30-day readmission rates among patients with diabetes.

Beliefs of nurses engaged in diabetes patient education

Beliefs of nurses engaged in diabetes patient education

Effects of Diabetes Education on Emotional Distress in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes—An Experimental Study

Objective: It was to evaluate the effect of diabetes education on emotional distress in type 2 diabetes patients treated with oral medications. Methods: The experimental study took place in Albania and overall, 200 type 2 diabetes patients were enrolled (in both groups, intervention, and control) treated with oral medications, having levels of Glycated hemoglobin HbA1c > 6.5% as well the absence of associated diseases such as dementia and psychiatric disorders. Patients were randomly selected from the medical registry of family physicians in the Tirana region. Patients were screened for the emotional distress before and after the intervention with the self-administered questionnaire Problem Areas in Diabetes PAID 5. In addition, the levels of HbA1c in % were evaluated before and after intervention in both groups. Only intervention group underwent four diabetes education sessions offered by trained nursing staff while the control group continued the previous regime. The questionnaire reliability analysis was estimated by the Cronbach alpha coefficient. To compare the groups the t-test was used and the value of p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean age of patients in intervention and control group was respectively 54.03 ±9.57 and 55.82 ± 7.86. Before and after health education PAID 5 scores for the intervention group were respectively 11.3 vs. 8.75 while for the control group 11.9 vs. 11.35, p = 0.018. Levels of HbA1c% before and after education for the intervention group were 7.02 vs. 6.2 while for the control group 6.9 vs. 6.8, p = 0.001. Positive and significant correlation (r = 0.321, p = 0.001) was between level of emotional distress and the age of the patients. Conclusions: The study found that besides better control of diabetes, additional education of diabetic patients seemed to significantly improve the level of emotional distress due to diabetes in diabetic patients.

L’educazione terapeutica nel paziente diabetico in tema di prevenzione e controllo della malattia: primi risultati

Introduction: Diabetes is a multi-organ chronic disease with chronic and acute complications. A good metabolic balance in diabetic patient is crucial to prevent complications and can be obtained with adequate lifestyle changes. A key role in reaching this objective is the therapeutic education of diabetic patients made by nurse expert in diabetology. Materials and Methods: The survey had been conducted between April and September 2018. 260 questionnaires were spread among the patients addressed to two specialized out-patient clinic in the province of Naples, where nurses were always present with diabetologists. Results: The analysis showed three main results: 1) a high level of awareness of disease dangers, 2) a high compliance to the diet but not to the physical exercise, 3) a poor disease control in terms of regular blood sugar level measurement. Discussion: The results show the need to enhance therapeutic education to improve patients’ blood sugar levels monitoring while also preventing chronic and acute complications of the disease. We need to reconsider the organization of diabetes Unit and diabetes team in order to provide more effective treatment.

The effect of health educational intervention on knowledge and attitudes of diabetes mellitus type 2 patients,Najaf governorate,Iraq.

Prevention of diabetes mellitus (DM)and its complications has been a public health priority,however,integral care to patients with diabetes and their families remains a challenge for the healthcare team. Health education is one of the strategies that can help reduce the high prevalence of complications in people with DM. Educating patients with DM may play a key role by encouraging to take responsibility for and supporting them in the day to day control of their condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of educational action on the disease knowledge andattitudesof patients with type 2 diabetes in Najafgovernorate, Iraq. This randomized clinical trial was conducted between March and October 2016,in an outpatient clinic which is a reference center at the Central Referral, Al-sadder Hospital in Najaf, Iraq,on 76 adult individuals attending the ‘outpatient clinic and in routine follow-up’.A pre-tested closed ended questionnaire was used to assess the impact of health education intervention. The data was analyzed by a computer programme,the Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS version 12,Paired t-test was applied. A questionnaire specifically designed to find knowledge and attitude related to diabetes total of administered on 76 adults revealed that male and female composition of participants was (38.2%,61.8%) respectively; most of them have low educational level,about 60.6% (illiterate,Quran school,primary); and 56.6% in the age group between 40-59 years. Knowledge of diabetes was suboptimal in pre-test. Significantly improved knowledge was after intervention regarding: (a) Risk factors, (b) Early symptoms, (c) Organs affected, (d) Warning signs of Hypoglycemia, (e) Personal Precautions.Significantly improved positive attitude was among: (a) motivate all family members to get their blood sugar tested yearly after 40 yrs of age, (b) undergo regular check-up,continue medication and motivate family members.Significant improvement in Knowledge &amp; Positive Attitude between pre-test and post-test results was observed.Health education of diabetic patients is crucial for control of diabetes. Capacity building of diabetic health centers,strengthening diabetic patients association,and more research to study the effect of health education on diabetic patients were needed.

Improving the Documentation Process for Referrals into Diabetes Education: A Quality Improvement Project

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this project was to standardize the referral and documentation process for diabetes education in patients with type 2 diabetes. The goal was to refer all eligible patients with type 2 diabetes into diabetes education. A standardized template within the clinical note was created to capture if the patients had ever received diabetes education. Use of this template by the clinician improved documentation about diabetes education and increased referrals into diabetes education programs. The findings of this project can be applied to other primary care clinics to help increase the historically low referrals rates into diabetes education.

USING GUESSING GAME TO INCREASE COMPLICATION AWARENESS OF PATIENTS WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED TYPE 2 DIABETES.

Prevention of complications is widely considered as the main aim of diabetes control. And diabetes education is the cornerstone for type 2 diabetes (T2D) management. However, traditional lecture-based diabetes patient education activities have small and short-lasting efficacy. Therefore, technology-based initiatives for diabetes patient education are urgently required. To evaluate Guessing, a popular game, as tool in increasing complication awareness of patients with newly diagnosed T2D during diabetes care. In a cohort study, 103 patients were split into Guessing Game group and control group. The opinions of patients and educators in Guessing Game group were surveyed. Patient performance was evaluated by test scores and the attendance to diabetes complication screening clinic. A majority of patients and all educators believed that Guessing Game enhanced complication awareness. Educatees achieved higher total scores and test scores in "Fill in the Gaps" (one of 2 types of test item), more actively attended complication screening clinic, after using Guessing Game as an education tool. Guessing Game is an attractive and effective educational intervention to increase complication awareness of T2D patients.

Knowledge and practice about the foot care and the prevalence of the neuropathy among a sample of type 2 diabetic patients in Erbil, Iraq.

Context:Patients with diabetes need to receive medical care from collaborative, integrated teams with expertise in diabetes. They must also assume an active role in their care. One aspect of health education for diabetic patients is foot care, therefore identifying patients foot care knowledge and practice is central in diabetes management.Aims:To know level of foot care, to assess peripheral neuropathy and association between them.Settings and Design:Cross sectional study in Rizgary Teaching Hospital and Layla Qasim diabetic center in Erbil, Iraq.Subjects and Methods:A sample of 250 patients aged ≥ 18 years with type 2 diabetes were interviewed to complete a questionnaire about foot care. Then a Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument was used as screening tool to detect neuropathy.Statistical Analysis Used:Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 used with a statistical significance level of < 0.05. The results presented as rates, frequencies, percentages in tables and analyzed using Chi-square test.Results:The mean age of the sample was 53.75 ± 12.08 years. The mean knowledge and practice scores were 6.1 ± SD 2.6 and 5.8 ± SD 2.1, respectively. The majority of participants were of poor knowledge score and moderate practice score (38% and 40%, respectively). The percentage of neuropathy was 31.20%. The neuropathy was highest among those who had low knowledge score (P < 0.05).Conclusions:The mean knowledge and practice scores were moderate, knowledge had significant influence on practice. Peripheral neuropathy was significantly higher among those with low knowledge score.

Charcot neuroarthropathy patient education among podiatrists in Scotland: a modified Delphi approach

BackgroundThis evaluation sought to determine current Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) diabetes patient education practices among Scottish National Health Service (NHS) and academic podiatrists and evaluate novel visual tools and develop expert consensus for future practice.MethodsQuestionnaires collected mixed qualitative and quantitative responses, analysed concurrently within a convergence coding matrix. Delphi methodology permitted member-checking and agreement of consensus over two rounds.ResultsFourteen participants (16.28%) completed a Round One questionnaire, leading to the generation of four themes; Experience; Person-Centred Care and the Content and Context of CN patient education. Seven consensus statements were subsequently developed and six achieved over 80% agreement among 16 participants (18.60%) with a Round Two questionnaire. Respondents agreed CN patient education should be considered for all ‘At-risk’ individuals with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Verbal metaphors, including the ‘rocker-bottom’ foot, soft or brittle bones, collapsing, walking on honeycomb and a shattering lightbulb were frequently employed. Visual tools, including visual metaphors and The Charcot Foot Thermometer, were positively evaluated and made available online.ConclusionsKey findings included respondent’s belief that CN education should be considered for all individuals with DPN and the frequent use of simile, analogy and metaphor in CN education. The concept of ‘remission’ proved controversial due to its potential for misinterpretation.

Recommending Education Materials for Diabetic Questions Using Information Retrieval Approaches.

BackgroundSelf-management is crucial to diabetes care and providing expert-vetted content for answering patients’ questions is crucial in facilitating patient self-management.ObjectiveThe aim is to investigate the use of information retrieval techniques in recommending patient education materials for diabetic questions of patients.MethodsWe compared two retrieval algorithms, one based on Latent Dirichlet Allocation topic modeling (topic modeling-based model) and one based on semantic group (semantic group-based model), with the baseline retrieval models, vector space model (VSM), in recommending diabetic patient education materials to diabetic questions posted on the TuDiabetes forum. The evaluation was based on a gold standard dataset consisting of 50 randomly selected diabetic questions where the relevancy of diabetic education materials to the questions was manually assigned by two experts. The performance was assessed using precision of top-ranked documents.ResultsWe retrieved 7510 diabetic questions on the forum and 144 diabetic patient educational materials from the patient education database at Mayo Clinic. The mapping rate of words in each corpus mapped to the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) was significantly different (P<.001). The topic modeling-based model outperformed the other retrieval algorithms. For example, for the top-retrieved document, the precision of the topic modeling-based, semantic group-based, and VSM models was 67.0%, 62.8%, and 54.3%, respectively.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that topic modeling can mitigate the vocabulary difference and it achieved the best performance in recommending education materials for answering patients’ questions. One direction for future work is to assess the generalizability of our findings and to extend our study to other disease areas, other patient education material resources, and online forums.

A two-staged approach to developing and evaluating an ontology for delivering personalized education to diabetic patients

ABSTRACTOntologies are often used in biomedical and health domains to provide a concise and consistent means of attributing meaning to medical terminology. While they are novices in terms of ontology engineering, the evaluation of an ontology by domain specialists provides an opportunity to enhance its objectivity, accuracy, and coverage of the domain itself. This paper provides an evaluation of the viability of using ontology engineering novices to evaluate and enrich an ontology that can be used for personalized diabetic patient education. We describe a methodology for engaging healthcare and information technology specialists with a range of ontology engineering tasks. We used 87.8% of the data collected to validate the accuracy of our ontological model. The contributions also enabled a 16% increase in the class size and an 18% increase in object properties. Furthermore, we propose that ontology engineering novices can make valuable contributions to ontology development. Application-specific evaluation of the ontology using a semantic-web-based architecture is also discussed.

Assessment of short and long-term outcomes of diabetes patient education using the health education impact questionnaire (HeiQ)

BackgroundType 2 diabetes is a progressive chronic illness that will affect more than 500 million people worldwide by 2030. It is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Finding the right care management for diabetes patients is necessary to effectively address the growing population of affected individuals and escalating costs. Patient education is one option for improving patient self-management. However, there are large discrepancies in the outcomes of such programs and long-term data are lacking. We assessed the short and long-term outcomes of diabetes patient education using the health education impact questionnaire (HeiQ).MethodsWe conducted a observational cohort study of 83 type 2 diabetes patients participating in patient education programs in Denmark. The seven-scale HeiQ was completed by telephone interview at baseline and 2 weeks (76 participants, 93%) and 12 months (66, 80%) after the patient education ended. Changes over time were assessed using mean values and standard deviation at each time point and Cohen effect sizes.ResultsPatients reported improvements 2 weeks after the program ended in 4 of 7 constructs: skills and technique acquisition (ES = 0.59), self-monitoring and insight (ES = 0.52), constructive attitudes and approaches (ES = 0.43) and social integration and support (ES = 0.27). After 12 months, patients reported improvements in 3 of 7 constructs: skills and technique acquisition (ES = 0.66), constructive attitudes and approaches (ES = 0.43), and emotional wellbeing (ES = 0.44). Skills and technique showed the largest short- and long-term effect size. No significant changes were found in health-related activity or positive and active engagement in life over time.ConclusionAfter 12 months, diabetes patients who participated in patient education demonstrated increased self-management skills, improved acceptance of their chronic illness and decreased negative emotional response to their disease. Applying HeiQ as an outcome measure yielded new knowledge as to what patients with diabetes can obtain by participating in a patient education.

Patients' perception of disease and experience with type 2 diabetes patient education in Denmark.

Patient education programmes for a range of chronic conditions are widely implemented, but studies have shown that not all participants benefit equally from the patient education programmes. To explore differences in how persons with diabetes experience diabetes-related patient education programmes. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with eleven participants 6 months after participation in patient education. Using thematic analysis, we identified three themes: programme elements, interactions between participants and the role of facilitators. We used Alonzo's theory of Everyday Illness Behaviour and reported restrictions in daily activities to categorise seven participants as 'healthy' and four as 'ill' and compare their experiences of patient education. Although all participants identified information on diet and exercise as the most beneficial programme element, healthy participants found this information easy to understand and apply to make healthy changes in their daily lives. Ill participants found the information difficult to understand and were much less likely to implement related changes. Healthy participants valued social interactions occurring during interactive programme components such as weigh-in sessions, physical exercise and cooking classes. In contrast, ill participants did not value these social interactions. Healthy participants also tended to view programme facilitators more positively. Regardless of disease status, participants found it motivating to compare their health status to that of participants they perceived as more ill than themselves. Patient education experiences differ according to self-perceived disease status. Programme facilitators should be sensitive to the possibility that participants who are more ill may be less likely to perceive patient education as beneficial and implement new behaviours. Knowledge about factors leading to differences in patient experiences of chronic disease self-management education programmes is essential for the development of programmes that benefit all patients. Future research should explore the value of programmes differentiated for participants with different levels of health.

Happy Feet in a Rural Clinic: A Diabetic Foot Education Intervention

The prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes is higher in rural areas than in urban areas and this population have more barriers to health care (Rural Healthy People, 2010). Many diabetic patients in disparate population in rural communities do not receive the established diabetes standards of care such as foot screenings and diabetic foot prevention education which contribute to incidence in foot ulcer formation and amputations (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2008). The complexity of Diabetes requires a multidisciplinary approach which in most cases may not be available in many rural health care settings (Abu Qamar, 2012). Fragmented diabetic patient education leads to non-compliance, diabetic foot ulcer development and subsequent rise in lower limb amputations. Under usage of the diabetes standards of care among disparate population can be addressed by implementation of an evidenced based diabetic foot education intervention. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a patient-centered diabetes foot education intervention in a rural clinic, designed to improve patients’ knowledge, as evidenced by an increase in the Patient Interpretation of Neuropathy (PIN) scores from pre-intervention to post-intervention. Methods: The participants were clinically diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for at least six months and were less than 70 years of age. Patients were excluded if they were more than 70 years of age, had active foot ulcers, with previous minor or major amputations, or Charcot's joints. The Patient Interpretation of Neuropathy (PIN) questionnaire was used. It is a 73item reliable and valid measurement tool that evaluated type 2 diabetic patients’ level of understanding of the link between foot ulceration, self-care deficit, cognitive and emotional understanding of peripheral neuropathy. A single group pretestposttest quasi-experimental design was used with paired samples t-test which compared mean scores for the same group of participants in two different occasions. To estimate the sample size, a priori, G*Power was used to determine the appropriate number of participants needed to detect a difference between pre and posttest PIN total scores with 95% confidence that the difference was real. Estimated sample size needed for power was N=34. A total of 25 participants completed the education intervention with (n=25) pre-test and (n=25) post-test. Results: There was a significant increase on T2DM patient’s knowledge scores from Pre-educational intervention (M = 261.64, SD = 30.0) to Post educational intervention (M = 327.96, SD = 22.0), t value = 7.952, p = .000 (two-tailed). The Mean difference of the two scores was -66.32, with a 95 percent confidence interval stretching from a lower bound of -83.53334 to an upper bound of -49.10666. The eta squared statistic (.7) indicated an extremely large effect size. Majority of the participants were women which may have increased the probability of female to male ratio. The hypothesis and question posed in this study were both answered YES. The use of the HPM theoretical framework and the selected educational material demonstrated significant changes in knowledge and behavior as evidenced by the statistically significant improvement in diabetic patients’ PIN scores from pre to post implementation of diabetic foot care education intervention. Conclusion: The use of a scientific approach, such as evidence-based practice, plays a crucial role in the provision of appropriate care to patients. The move towards evidenced based practice paves the way for healthcare professionals to move away from long-established style of care delivery to the new paradigm where decisions are driven according to the best evidence available. The hypothesis and question posed in this study were both answered yes. The use of Pender’s health promotion model as theoretical framework and the selected standardized educational materials demonstrated significant changes in the knowledge and behavior of the participants in this study as evidenced by improvement in diabetic patients’ PIN scores from pre to post implementation of a diabetic foot care prevention education. The findings indicated increased knowledge, willingness and motivation, which are important elements that contribute to behavior change in this patient population. Diabetic foot education and prevention among diabetic patients in this rural clinic is essential because the knowledge and skills acquired as a result of the education intervention will have a significant impact in therapeutic outcomes among this patient population.

Type 2 diabetes structured education provision in Yorkshire and the Humber 2014/15

The Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) Improvement and Assessment Framework published in June 2016 places a focus on diabetes patient education with a metric for ‘people with diabetes diagnosed less than a year who attend a structured education course’. Despite the importance of structured education for people newly diagnosed with diabetes, data around service activity is poor. The Diabetes Clinical Network in Yorkshire and the Humber sought to obtain a clear picture of structured education provision and services to inform commissioners and providers across the region. This report summarises a data collection exercise for the time period April 2014 to March 2015. In 2014/2015, 11 CCGs had type 2 structured education attendance of 30% or greater. The results were far higher than the 5.9% average for Yorkshire and the Humber in the National Diabetes Audit (NDA). In 2014/2015, attendance at structured patient education programmes in the region was on average nearly 5 times higher than reported in the NDA. Whilst the patient education attendance data from providers are significantly better than those reported nationally, they are far lower than is desirable with, on average, over 70% of newly diagnosed patients not attending.