Male Diabetes Mellitus Patients Research Articles

Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Population-based Cohort Study

Most of the existing findings on the association between diabetes mellitus and colorectal cancer were generated from studies in Western societies. However, significant differences in cancer incidence and cancer-prone lifestyles are apparent between Asian and Western countries. This study aims to estimate the risks of colorectal cancer in the diabetic population in Taiwan by conducting a large-scale, controlled cohort study. From Taiwan's Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005 (LHID2005), a total of 37 001 diabetic patients were identified. We also obtained data for four controls per patient, matched for sex, age and year of first entry into the LHID2005. All patients were followed up from the date of entry into the LHID2005 until they developed colorectal cancer or to the end of 2006, whichever was earlier. We used Cox's regression models to assess the risk of developing colorectal cancer, with adjustment for sex, age, comorbid disorders, and socioeconomic characteristics. We identified 37 001 diabetic patients and 148 004 controls. The adjusted hazard ratio for colorectal cancer in diabetes mellitus patients was 2.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.82-2.42) compared with controls. The risk was significant to both men and women. The adjusted hazard ratios for colorectal cancer were 2.03 (95% confidence interval, 1.68-2.47) in male diabetes mellitus patients and 2.17 (95% confidence interval, 1.77-2.67) in female diabetes mellitus patients. Our findings based on a large population-based cohort study provide evidence that diabetes mellitus may increase the risk of colorectal cancer in Asians.

Clinicopathological features of liver injury in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and comparative study of histologically proven nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus

The Japan Society of Diabetes Mellitus reported that the leading cause of death in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) was chronic liver disease; however, there are limited studies investigating the cause of liver injury in these patients. Our study aimed to clarify the clinicopathological features of liver injury and the characteristics of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in DM patients. In total, 5,642 DM patients and 365 histologically proven NAFLD patients were enrolled. Clinical and laboratory parameters and liver biopsy results were, respectively, recorded and analyzed for the two sets of patients. Positivity rates for Hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) and anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies (anti-HCV Ab) were 1.7 and 5.1%, respectively. The proportion of drinkers consuming 20-59g and ≥60g alcohol daily was 14.9 and 4.3%, respectively. The percentage of DM patients with elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (≥31IU/L) was 28.6%. Alcohol consumption had no significant effect on serum ALT levels. Seventy-two percent of HBsAg-positive patients were serum hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA negative, whereas 10% exhibited high levels of the same (>4.0log copies/ml). Thirty-eight percent of anti-HCV Ab-positive patients were serum HCV-RNA negative. Among the NAFLD patients, the frequencies of NASH and advanced stage NASH were significantly higher in male DM patients than in male patients without DM. Although HBsAg- and anti-HCV Ab-positivity rates were high in our Japanese DM patients, a majority of liver injuries could be associated with NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Study on Correlations Between Glycated Haemoglobin, Lipid Profiles and Blood Glucose Levels in Type 2 Diabetics Living at Moderate High Altitude

Introduction: The study was conducted to look for the effects of polycythaemia on Glycosylated Haemoglobin (GHb) levels and to the see the correlations between the levels of haemoglobin, GHb, blood glucose, and lipid profiles including Atherogenic Index of plasma (AIP), in type 2 diabetics living 5800ft above sea level at Gangtok in Sikkim, India. GHb is used to predict the risk of long term complications of Diabetes mellitus (DM) like coronary artery disease (CAD). Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of Group I (Type 2 DM male patients with PPG levels 200mg/ dl) and age matched healthy males formed the control group. Results: In Group I, GHb levels correlated positively with AIP, but not with TC/HDL-C ratio. In Group II, both PPG and GHb levels correlated positively with Total cholesterol (TC), LDL Cholesterol, TC /HDL-C ratio and AIP. This shows that higher PPG levels are associated with more Atherogenic lipid profiles. Study also showed higher GHb levels in controls at 7.61%, and correlated positively with postprandial glucose (PPG) levels (r = 0.92). Conclusion: In predicting risk for future CAD, PPG levels and AIP can be used as an adjunct parameter.

A deficiency of gastric interstitial cells of Cajal accompanied by decreased expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and substance P in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Gastrointestinal motility is impaired in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the gastrointestinal tract play a central role in gastrointestinal motility. The present study examined whether ICC density, or expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)- and substance P (SP)-containing nerves in the gastric antrum, were altered in patients with type 2 DM. Paraffin-embedded gastric specimens from 51 controls and 36 male DM patients with gastric cancer were used for immunohistochemistry. Serial sections were stained with Kit and mast cell tryptase-specific antibodies. Fresh-frozen gastric specimens from patients with gastric cancer were used for immunofluorescence. The specimens were stained with antibodies to Kit, nNOS, and SP, and levels of expression of these three markers were compared between controls and DM patients. ICC density in the inner circular muscle layer, but not in the myenteric plexus, was lower in patients with severe DM than in controls in paraffin-embedded specimens. In addition, decreased expression of nNOS and SP accompanied by reduced ICC density was observed in frozen specimens from patients with DM. These results suggest that lower gastric ICC, nNOS, and SP densities in patients with DM may be associated with the pathogenesis of diabetic gastroparesis.

High prevalence of asymptomatically poor muscle perfusion of lower extremities measured in type II diabetes patients with abnormal myocardial perfusion

Foot problems are the most common cause of hospital admission in patients with type II diabetes mellitus (DM). Poor muscle perfusion of lower extremities is thought to be the major component in the pathogenesis of foot problems. Therefore, it is important and interesting to investigate if high prevalence of poor muscle perfusion of lower extremities in type II DM patients with abnormal myocardial perfusion and more cardiovascular risk factors. We used a well-established and noninvasive radionuclide method (Xe-133 muscle washout) to objectively evaluate the anterior tibial muscle perfusion of 60 type II DM male patients without symptoms/signs of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) in the lower extremities. The patients were separated into groups according to the myocardial perfusion imaging results and cardiovascular risk factor survey. Meanwhile, 30 normal male controls with a matched age distribution were also included for comparison. The muscle perfusions were of significant difference ( P-values <.05) between (1) 60 type II DM patients (1.84±0.43 ml/100 g/min) and 30 normal controls (2.95±0.52 ml/100 g/min), (2) 24 patients with abnormal myocardial perfusion (1.31±0.45 ml/100 g/min) and 36 patients with normal myocardial perfusion (2.24±0.48 ml/100 g/min), as well as (3) 28 patients with more cardiovascular risk factors (1.33±0.46 ml/100 g/min) and 22 patient with less cardiovascular risk factors (2.22±0.49 ml/100 g/min). Based on Xe-133 muscle washout method, we concluded that the muscle perfusion in the lower extremities of type II DM patients without symptoms/signs of PVD is significantly decreased and related to abnormal myocardial perfusion and more cardiovascular risk factors.