Diabetes Mellitus In Pregnant Women Research Articles

Hubungan Peran Keluarga, Pola Makan, Dan Status Gizi Terhadap Pencegahan Diabetes Mellitus Gestasional Di BPM Wilayah Kerja Kecamatan Payung

Introduction: Prevention of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is an effort that individuals deliberately make to avoid or control blood sugar levels so as not to interfere with pregnancy and the health of mothers and babies. This study aimed to determine the direct and indirect effects and the magnitude of the influence of information sources, family roles, diet, physical activity, and nutritional status on the prevention of Diabetes Mellitus in pregnant women in Payung Health Center in 2023. Methods: This research was taken from primary data using a questionnaire. The sample used was 60 respondents with a cross-sectional design. The research was conducted in December 2022-January 2023. The cross-sectional analysis method was used. Results: The results showed that there was a relationship between the role of kelaura (p-value 0,030); diet (p-value 0,.003); and nutritional status (p-value 0,053) on the behavior of preventing gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women. Discussion: This study concludes that there is a relationship between family roles, diet, and nutritional status on the behavior of preventing gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women in the working area of Payung District in 2023. Suggestions for mothers to always maintain their health during pregnancy to avoid complications during pregnancy.

Analysis of efficacy of metformin in pregnant women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS).

Objective: (1)To analyze of efficacy of metformin in pregnant women with POCS regarding occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus (2) To analyze parity distribution for efficacy of metformin regarding occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women with POCS. Study Design: Descriptive Cases Series. Setting: Sheikh Zaid Hospital, Lahore. Period: July 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019. Methods: Till delivery 200 pregnant ladies were followed up to see if they developed GDM or not. A pre-prepared form was used to record metformin efficacy frequency and GDM in pregnant ladies with PCOS. For efficacy and parity (qualitative variables), percentages and frequencies were got calculated using SPSS.16. Results: Thirty two (16%) women got ‘0’ parity. Forty four (22%) got ‘1’parity. Fifty (25%) got ‘2’ parity. Forty two (21%) got ‘3’parity.While thirty two women (16%) got ‘4’ parity. Twenty two (78.57%) was efficacy for nulliparous patients. Thirty three (76.74%) was efficacy for primiparous patients. One hundred nine (84.50%) was efficacy for multiparous patients. Insignificant difference was noted as p was more than 0.05. In one hundred sixty six (83%) women metformin efficacy got achieved. Conclusion: Multiparous patients with PCOS showed relatively more efficacy (84.50%) of metformin against gestational diabetes mellitus while twenty five percent pregnant women with PCOS with a thorough use of metformin delivered two live neonates.

Association of sleep duration and sleep quality with gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women after treatment with assisted reproductive technology: A birth cohort study.

Maternal sleep is closely related to subsequent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in natural pregnancies. However, whether this connection exists in pregnant women conceiving with the help of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has not been confirmed. Hence, in this study, we evaluated whether early pregnancy sleep duration or sleep quality is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus in ART-pregnant women, as well as the influence of maternal age on this association. This prospective birth cohort study included 856 pregnant women who successfully conceived with the help of ART treatment. The sleep parameters of ART-pregnant women were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in early pregnancy. We explored the association between sleep and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus using an unconditional binary logistic regression model. Different models were constructed to examine the robustness of the estimation by incorporating different confounding factors. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that sleep duration of more than 10 h among ART-pregnant women was significantly associated with the risk of GDM, and the association between sleep duration and gestational diabetes mellitus varied by maternal age. We found an increased risk of subsequent gestational diabetes mellitus with increasing sleep duration only in pregnant women aged <35 years. Additionally, no statistically significant association between sleep quality and gestational diabetes mellitus was found in this study. In conclusion, excessive sleep duration (≥10 h) is associated with a high risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women who conceived with the help of assisted reproductive technology, and maternal age may modify this effect.

Effects of mHealth-Based Lifestyle Interventions on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnant Women With Overweight and Obesity: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The increasing incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a global health problem that is more likely to occur in pregnant women with overweight or obesity. Adhering to a healthy lifestyle is associated with a reduced risk of GDM. With the development of IT, mobile health (mHealth) interventions have become widely available in health care. However, there are no definitive conclusions on the effectiveness of mHealth-based lifestyle interventions in preventing GDM. This study aims to evaluate the impact of mHealth-based lifestyle interventions on GDM and other pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with overweight or obesity. A systematic literature search was conducted in 5 English databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and CINAHL) and 4 Chinese databases (CBM, CNKI, Vip, and Wanfang) to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effectiveness of mHealth-based interventions for GDM from inception to January 10, 2023. In total, 2 authors independently screened the studies and extracted the data. The quality of the included studies was examined using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Data synthesis was conducted using Review Manager (version 5.4; The Cochrane Collaboration). A total of 16 RCTs with 7351 participants were included in this study. The included studies were published between 2014 and 2021 and were conducted in China, the United States, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Norway. The sample sizes of the studies ranged from 75 to 2202, and the duration of the mHealth-based lifestyle interventions ranged from 4 to 28 weeks. Compared with usual care, mHealth-based lifestyle interventions significantly reduced the incidence of GDM (odds ratio [OR] 0.74, 95% CI 0.56-0.96; P=.03; I2=65%), preterm birth (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.48-0.87; P=.004; I2=25%), macrosomia (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.40-0.87; P=.008; I2=59%), and gestational weight gain (mean difference=-1.12 kg, 95% CI -1.44 to -0.80; P<.001; I2=43%). The subgroup analysis showed that interventions delivered via apps (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.37-0.83; P=.004; I2=44%), provided by obstetricians (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.51-0.93; P=.02; I2=60%), and targeted at Asian populations (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.34-0.58; P<.001; I2=0%) and that used the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups diagnostic criteria (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.39-0.86; P=.007; I2=69%) showed a statistically significant reduction in the risk of GDM. mHealth-based lifestyle interventions had a favorable impact on the prevention of GDM in pregnant women with overweight and obesity. Future studies need to further explore the potential of mHealth-based interventions for GDM through better design and more rigorous large-scale RCTs. PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42021286995; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=286995.

Молекулярно-генетические предикторы перинатальных осложнений гестационного сахарного диабета у беременных после применения вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий

Aim: to assess the impact of carrying polymorphisms of genes related to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, vascular tone, and angiogenesis on the complications development related to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in patients with pregnancies resulting from the use of assisted reproductive technology (ART). Patients and Methods: a comprehensive cohort study was conducted. The main group (n=123), comprised of pregnant patients after the use of ART with GDM, was divided into 2 subgroups: 1A — pregnant women with perinatal complications (n=76); 1B — pregnant women without perinatal complications (n=47). The comparison group (n=105) included patients with pregnancies resulting from ART, without GDM. The perinatal complications analyzed in the study included preeclampsia, placental insufficiency, fetal growth retardation, and small for gestational age. Molecular genetic testing was conducted using allele-specific real-time PCR. Polymorphisms of the PPARG (Pro12Ala C&gt;G), TCF7L2 (IVS3 C&gt;T), ApoB Pro2739leu G&gt;A, VEGF-A: -634 G&gt;C, eNOS Glu298Asp G894T G&gt;T genes were studied. Results: carrying the polymorphic Pro12Pro allele of the PPARG gene (Pro12Ala &gt;G) was associated with an increased risk of developing GDM in patients after ART (odds ratio (OR) 2.451, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.60–3.746, p=0.001). Conversely, the AlaP12Ala allele of the PPARG gene has a protective effect against these risks (OR 0.408, 95% CI 0.267–0.623, p=0.001). It was noted that carrying the TCF7L2 IVS3 TT genotype was associated with an increased risk of developing GDM in patients after ART (OR 3.795, 95% CI 1.482–9.720, p=0.004). Carrying the CC genotype of the VEGF-A -634 G&gt;C gene (OR 3.607, 95% CI 1.084–5.218, p&lt;0.05), as well as the recessive homozygous TT genotype of the eNOS 894 G&gt;T gene (OR 2.637, 95% CI 1.033–6.374; p&lt;0.05), was associated with an increased risk of developing perinatal complications of GDM in patients after ART. Conclusion: identifying genetic determinants of GDM associated with perinatal complications is important for determining the high-risk group at the stage of ART preparation and early pregnancy. Early identification of high-risk patients will allow for effective preventive measures before entry into the program, and for objective analysis of the clinical signs concerning the disease progression, as well as timely correction of carbohydrate metabolism disorders to improve perinatal outcomes. KEYWORDS: ART, gestational diabetes, perinatal complications, gene polymorphisms related to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, gene polymorphisms — angiogenesis and vascular tone regulators. FOR CITATION: Melkozerova O.A., Murzin A.V., Tretyakova T.B., Deryabina E.G. Molecular-genetic predictors concerning the perinatal complications of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women after assisted reproductive technologies. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2024;7(1):4–11 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2024-7-1-1.

The role of intergenic interactions in the formation of perinatal complications of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women after assisted reproductive technologies

The role of intergenic interactions in the formation of perinatal complications of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women after assisted reproductive technologies

The influence of CDKAL1 (rs7754840) gene polymorphism on susceptibility to gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The influence of CDKAL1 (rs7754840) gene polymorphism on susceptibility to gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Association of Leptin with Glucose Intolerance and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnant Women: Prospective Analytical Case-Control Study.

This study aimed to investigate the use of leptin as a marker for gestational diabetes by analyzing any correlation between serum leptin levels versus oral glucose tolerance tests (at 24 to 28weeks of pregnancy) and increased body weight (during pregnancy). A total of 110 female cases (81 pregnant and 29 non-pregnant) were included in the study. The 81 pregnant cases were divided into 3 groups according to their oral glucose tolerance test results. A chi-square test was used for categorical variables. The distribution of numerical variables was tested with the Shapiro-Wilk test. ANOVA and a post-hoc Bonferroni test was used for parametric data. Kruskal-Wallis variance analysis was used for non-parametric data. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used for pairwise comparisons. Spearman correlation analysis and multivariate regression analysis were performed for the evaluation of the correlation analysis between the parameters. Oral glucose tolerance test results were compared with leptin levels with a cut-off value of 11.43 for leptin. The ROC curve demonstrated an 83.3% sensitivity and 72.1% specificity for leptin. Leptin may play a role in the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus. However, the relationship between leptin levels and maternal weight gain during pregnancy is still unknown.

Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Abdominal Subcutaneous Fat Thickness During Pregnancy.

Objective: Current evidence regarding the safety of abdominal subcutaneous injections in pregnant women is limited. In this study, we developed a predictive model for abdominal skin-subcutaneous fat thickness (S-ScFT) by gestational periods (GP) in pregnant women. Methods: A total of 354 cases were measured for S-ScFT. Three machine learning algorithms, namely deep learning, random forest, and support vector machine, were used for S-ScFT predictive modeling and factor analysis for each abdominal site. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and RapidMiner softwares. Results: The deep learning algorithm best predicted the abdominal S-ScFT. The common important variables in all three algorithms for the prediction of abdominal S-ScFT were menarcheal age, prepregnancy weight, prepregnancy body mass index (categorized), large fetus for gestational age, and alcohol consumption. Conclusion: Predicting the safety of subcutaneous injections during pregnancy could be beneficial for managing gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women.

Remnant cholesterol, but not other cholesterol parameters, is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women: a prospective cohort study

ObjectiveNo evidence has been found of a relationship between remnant cholesterol (RC) and the likelihood of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant women. The aim of our study was to investigate the link between serum RC at 12–14 weeks of gestation and the risk of GDM.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis with data from a prospective cohort study in Korea. A total of 590 single pregnant women attending two hospitals in Korea, up to 14 weeks gestation, from November 2014 to July 2016 were included in the study. The formula used to calculate RC in detail was RC (mg/dL) = TC (mg/dL)-HDL-c (mg/dL)-LDL-c (mg/dL). Logistic regression models were employed to examine the relationship between RC and GDM and explore the association between other lipoprotein cholesterol parameters and the risk of GDM. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the ability of RC to identify GDM. Additionally, sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 32.06 ± 3.80 years. The median of RC was 34.66 mg/dL. 37 pregnant women (6.27%) were eventually diagnosed with GDM. Multivariate adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that RC was positively associated with the risk of GDM (OR = 1.458, 95% CI 1.221, 1.741). There was no significant association between other lipoprotein cholesterols (including TC, LDL-c, HDL-c) and the risk of GDM. The area under the ROC curve for RC as a predictor of GDM was 0.8038 (95% CI 0.7338–0.8738), and the optimal RC cut-off was 24.30 mg/dL. Our findings were demonstrated to be robust by performing a series of sensitivity analyses.ConclusionSerum RC levels at 12–14 weeks of gestation are positively associated with GDM risk in pregnant women. RC in early pregnancy is an early warning indicator of GDM in pregnant women, especially those with normal HDL-c, LDL-c, and TC that are easily overlooked. There is a high risk of developing GDM in pregnant women whose RC is more than 24.30 mg/dL. This study may help optimize GDM prevention in pregnant women and facilitate communication between physicians, pregnant patients, and their families.

ВЛИЯНИЕ COVID-19 НА РАЗВИТИЕ ГЕСТАЦИОННОГО САХАРНОГО ДИАБЕТА

In modern medicine, more and more attention is paid to problems diagnosed during pregnancy, which significantly increase the risk of complications and adverse outcomes of pregnancy and childbirth. COVID-19 infection may adversely affect the course of pregnancy, including the development of gestational diabetes mellitus. The article presents the results of the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women who had COVID-19 3-6 months before pregnancy

Examining the Relationship Between Extreme Temperature, Microclimate Indicators, and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnant Women Living in Southern California.

We utilized 2008-2018 data for pregnant women from Kaiser Permanente Southern California electronic health records. GDM screening occurred between 24 and 28 gestational weeks for most women using the Carpenter-Coustan criteria or the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria. Daily maximum, minimum, and mean temperature data were linked to participants' residential address. We utilized distributed lag models, which assessed the lag from the first to the corresponding week, with logistic regression models to examine the exposure-lag-response associations between the 12 weekly extreme temperature exposures and GDM risk. We used the relative risk due to interaction (RERI) to estimate the additive modification of microclimate indicators on the relation between extreme temperature and GDM risk. GDM risks increased with extreme low temperature during gestational weeks 20--24 and with extreme high temperature at weeks 11-16. Microclimate indicators modified the influence of extreme temperatures on GDM risk. For example, there were positive RERIs for high-temperature extremes and less greenness, and a negative RERI for low-temperature extremes and increased impervious surface percentage. Susceptibility windows to extreme temperatures during pregnancy were observed. Modifiable microclimate indicators were identified that may attenuate temperature exposures during these windows, which could in turn reduce the health burden from GDM.

Concealed pregnancy as an act of care? A qualitative analysis of motivations for concealing and non-disclosure of early pregnancy in The Gambia

BackgroundA barrier to achieving first trimester antenatal care (ANC) attendance in many countries has been the widespread cultural practice of not discussing pregnancies in the early stages. Motivations for concealing pregnancy bear further study, as the interventions necessary to encourage early ANC attendance may be more complicated than targeting infrastructural barriers to ANC attendance such as transportation, time, and cost.MethodsFive focus groups with a total of 30 married, pregnant women were conducted to assess the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of early initiation of physical activity and/or yoghurt consumption in reducing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in pregnant women in The Gambia. Focus group transcripts were coded through a thematic analysis approach, assessing themes as they arose in relation to failure to attend early ANC.ResultsTwo reasons for the concealment of pregnancies in the first trimester or ahead of a pregnancy’s obvious visibility to others were given by focus group participants. These were ‘pregnancy outside of marriage’ and ‘evil spirits and miscarriage.’ Concealment on both grounds was motivated through specific worries and fears. In the case of a pregnancy outside of marriage, this was worry over social stigma and shame. Evil spirits were widely considered to be a cause of early miscarriage, and as such, women may choose to conceal their pregnancies in the early stages as a form of protection.ConclusionWomen’s lived experiences of evil spirits have been under-explored in qualitative health research as they relate specifically to women’s access to early antenatal care. Better understanding of how such sprits are experienced and why some women perceive themselves as vulnerable to related spiritual attacks may help healthcare workers or community health workers to identify in a timely manner the women most likely to fear such situations and spirits and subsequently conceal their pregnancies.

Obstetric complications of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women after assisted reproductive technologies

Obstetric complications of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women after assisted reproductive technologies

Molecular and physiological effects of myo-inositol and its role in the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women with overweight and obesity

Molecular and physiological effects of myo-inositol and its role in the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women with overweight and obesity

Outcomes of type 1 diabetes mellitus in pregnant women according to gestational age: a retrospective study

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease wherein enough insulin is not synthesized. Women are affected at any age, including reproductive years, which can increase adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Although various studies have focused on the outcomes of T1DM during pregnancy, none have assessed the relationship between T1DM during pregnancy and gestational age. This study compared the outcomes of T1DM in pregnant women according to gestational age. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed patient files (2010-2019) and included 105 pregnant women with T1DM and no other comorbidities. Exclusion criteria included gestational diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes, diabetes of unknown type, and pregnancies

Frequency of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnant Women Reporting to a Public Sector Tertiary Care Hospital of Quetta

Objective: To determine the frequency of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women reporting to a public sector tertiary care hospital and find the association of gestational diabetes mellitus with age.&#x0D; Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Pathology Department, Combined Military Hospital, Quetta Pakistan, from Jan 2016 to Mar2017.&#x0D; Methodology: Five hundred and thirty pregnant women who reported to the Pathology Department of the hospital for an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test at 24-28 weeks of gestation were included. The blood samples were taken after ten hours off fasting and one hour and two hours after loading with 75g of anhydrous glucose and analyzed using the enzymatic (Glucose Oxidase) method. Gestational diabetes mellitus was diagnosed using guidelines recommended by the International Association for Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group /American Diabetic Association for a one-step diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus according to the new criteria.&#x0D; Results: The frequency of gestational diabetes mellitus was quite high 190(35.8%). Of these 530 pregnant women, 162(85.3%)women were diagnosed with Fasting Plasma Glucose, and 28 women were diagnosed with 1-hour or 2-hour after the glucose load test. Age-group of ≥ 30 years had the highest number of women with gestational diabetes mellitus.&#x0D; Conclusion: The frequency of gestational diabetes mellitus in our hospital-reported sample of pregnant women was 35.8%,associated with advanced age. The maximum number of women were diagnosed as having gestational diabetes mellitus based on the fasting Plasma Glucose cut-off value.

Association Between ABO Blood Group and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnant Women at King Abdulaziz University Hospital: A Retrospective Study.

Objective Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can occur during pregnancy. One of the leading causes of it is a hormone produced by the placenta that interferes with glucose absorption and causes glucose buildup in the bloodstream. Genetic variations between ethnicities are believed to be associated with GDM, and there has been some research on the association of ABO blood group with GDM in different populations. However, the results so far are inconsistent, and there is no conclusive evidence on how ABO blood group affects the occurrence of GDM. This study aims to examine the link between ABO blood group and GDM in pregnant women at King Abdulaziz University Hospital. Methodology A retrospective cohort study was conducted on a group of GDM patients between 2019 and 2022 using data collected from the patients' medical records at King Abdulaziz University Hospital. Results The overall prevalence of GDM was high at 74.7%, and the percentage of patients with A, O, B, and AB blood group who had GDM was 42.9%, 41.41%, 12.1%, and 3.59%, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in Rh status or any other clinical characteristic between the participants who had GDM and those who did not have GDM. Conclusion The present findings indicate that blood group is not associated with the development of GDM in this cohort from Saudi Arabia. However, more studies are required in the future to corroborate these findings.

Examining the Relationship Between Extreme Temperature, Microclimate Indicators, and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnant Women Living in Southern California

Examining the Relationship Between Extreme Temperature, Microclimate Indicators, and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnant Women Living in Southern California

Umbilical Cord Biometry and Fetal Abdominal Skinfold Assessment as Potential Biomarkers for Fetal Macrosomia in a Gestational Diabetes Romanian Cohort.

Backgroundand Objectives: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy-associated pathology commonly resulting in macrosomic fetuses, a known culprit of obstetric complications. We aimed to evaluate the potential of umbilical cord biometry and fetal abdominal skinfold assessment as screening tools for fetal macrosomia in gestational diabetes mellitus pregnant women. Materials and methods: This was a prospective case–control study conducted on pregnant patients presenting at 24–28 weeks of gestation in a tertiary-level maternity hospital in Northern Romania. Fetal biometry, fetal weight estimation, umbilical cord area and circumference, areas of the umbilical vein and arteries, Wharton jelly (WJ) area and abdominal fold thickness measurements were performed. Results: A total of 51 patients were enrolled in the study, 26 patients in the GDM group and 25 patients in the non-GDM group. There was no evidence in favor of umbilical cord area and WJ amount assessments as predictors of fetal macrosomia (p > 0.05). However, there was a statistically significant difference in the abdominal skinfold measurement during the second trimester between macrosomic and normal-weight newborns in the GDM patient group (p = 0.016). The second-trimester abdominal circumference was statistically significantly correlated with fetal macrosomia at term in the GDM patient group with a p value of 0.003, as well as when considering the global prevalence of macrosomia in the studied populations, 0.001, when considering both populations. Conclusions: The measurements of cord and WJ could not be established as predictors of fetal macrosomia in our study populations, nor differentiate between pregnancies with and without GDM. Abdominal skinfold measurement and abdominal circumference measured during the second trimester may be important markers of fetal metabolic status in pregnancies complicated by GDM.