Diabetes Mellitus In Ethiopia Research Articles

Level of sustained glycemic control and associated factors among patients with diabetes mellitus in Ethiopia: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.

BackgroundThe level of sustained glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major determinant of the occurrence of both acute and chronic complications. However, information about the level of glycemic control among patients in the follow-up care at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital is scanty. The study assessed the degree of glycemic control and associated factors among diabetic patients in the study area.MethodA hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital. All diabetic patients aged ≥18 years who visited the Diabetes Clinic in January and February 2013 for follow-up medical evaluation and medication participated in the study. Patients with glycosylated hemoglobin test (HbA1c) of ≥7% were classified as having a poor level of glycemic control. Propensity score was used to estimate the treatment effect. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the associated factors.ResultTwo hundred and fifty three (64.7%) of the 391 diabetic patients included in the study had a poor level of glycemic control, as evidenced by HbA1c ≥7%. Poor glycemic control was much higher among Type 1 patients (82.9%) compared with Type 2 patients (57.5%). Being on insulin treatment (AOR =2.51; 95% CI =1.25, 5.04) and reporting poor medication adherence (AOR =3.19; 95% CI =1.76, 5.80) were found to be associated with poor glycemic control among Type 2 DM patients. High waist circumference was inversely associated with a poor level of glycemic control in Type 1 DM patients (AOR =0.05; 95% CI =0.01, 0.85).ConclusionThe proportion of diabetic patients with a poor level of glycemic control is high. We recommend a comprehensive intervention to improve the overall treatment adherence with special attention to DM patients receiving insulin.

Effects of crude extracts and fractions of Moringa stenopetala (Baker f) Cufodontis leaves in normoglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetic mice

Moringa stenopetala leaves are traditionally employed for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Ethiopia. Previous studies confirmed that the aqueous crude extract of the leaves of this plant and fractions isolated from these extracts have hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effects. Whether the active components are also present in the ethanol extract and its fractions, however, have not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of M. stenopetala leaves ethanol crude extracts and its fractions in healthy and alloxan induced diabetic mice. For single dose hypoglycemic test, normoglycemic mice were given 300 mg/kg of ethanol extract, aqueous extract, petroleum fraction, chloroform fraction, butanol fraction, aqueous residue, glibenclamide (0.66 mg/kg) and distilled water (10 ml/kg) intraperitoneally (i.p). Similarly, for single dose anti-hyperglycemic study, alloxan induced diabetic mice were given the same dose of test substances. For the repeated dose anti-hyperglycemic investigation, diabetic mice were given 300 mg/kg of ethanol extract, aqueous extract, chloroform fraction, butanol fraction, glibenclamide (0.66 mg/kg)) and distilled water (10 ml/kg) through i.p route. The results of single dose hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic studies indicated that extracts, chloroform fraction, butanol fraction and aqueous residue reduced blood glucose level significantly within the treatment period. The repeated dose of both extracts as well as chloroform and butanol fractions also reduced blood sugar level of diabetic mice significantly. The present findings, therefore, hints that the ethanol extract as well as its chloroform and butanol fractions might also have active principles responsible for antidiabetic effect which confirms the claim for the traditional antidiabetic use of M. stenopetala. Key words: Moringa stenopetala, diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemic effect, antihyperglycemic effect, normoglycemic, alloxan.