Diabetes Mellitus In Chinese Research Articles

Associations of maternal serum concentration of iron-related indicators with gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese: A pilot prospective cohort study

BackgroundWe aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the associations between iron metabolism and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by examining multiple iron-related indicators. MethodsWe conducted a prospective study involving 907 Chinese pregnant women. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure serum concentrations of iron-related indicators during the first trimester (≤ 14 weeks of gestation). GDM outcomes were measured through oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) conducted between weeks 24 and 28 of gestation. ResultsSubjects with iron-related indicators below the 10th percentile (except for serum iron and soluble transferrin receptor) had a higher risk of GDM compared to normal subjects (10th-90th percentiles). The ORs (95 %CI; p-value) were 1.88 (1.10, 3.20; P=0.020) for ferritin, 1.88 (1.10, 3.19; P=0.020) for hepcidin. Higher levels of ferritin (> 90th percentile) were associated with a higher risk of abnormal fasting blood glucose, while lower levels (< 10th percentile) of ferritin, hepcidin, and transferrin were associated with a higher risk of one-hour postprandial glucose ≥ 8.6 mmol/L in the OGTT. ConclusionsLower levels (< 10th percentiles) of several iron-related indicators (ferritin, hepcidin, and transferrin) were associated with a higher risk of GDM and abnormal blood glucose compared to normal subjects.

Association of NAD + ADP-ribosyltransferase 1 gene polymorphism with the development of neonatal diabetes mellitus

Regulation of glucose metabolism by NAD-dependent ADP-ribosyltransferase is well investigated in different populations. Genetic variations NAD + ADP-ribosyltransferase has been shown to alter the activity of the enzyme and associated with susceptibility to diabetes. However, reports on neonatal diabetes are minimal. We, therefore, in the present report aimed to investigate the involvement of NAD + ADP-ribosyltransferase variants as a possible risk factor for predisposition to neonatal diabetes mellitus in Chinese patients. Neonatal subjects diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and healthy infants from a similar geographical area were enrolled at China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, China. The involvement of NAD + ADP-ribosyltransferase with neonatal diabetes mellitus was investigated in DNA samples of all participants by PCR methods. One hundred Twenty neonatal diabetes mellitus cases and a matched number of healthy neonates were enrolled in the present study. GG and G SNPs of NAD + ADP-ribosyltransferase were mainly involved in developing neonatal diabetes mellitus and the individuals with GA SNPs protect responsible for protecting from neonatal diabetes mellitus. Thus, NAD + ADP-ribosyltransferase involved in neonatal diabetes mellitus and risk of developing is approx. 2 times higher compared to healthy subjects. Our finding showed that polymorphism in NAD + ADP-ribosyltransferase gene is associated with the predisposition to neonatal diabetes mellitus in Chinese. The present study also suggested that NAD + ADP-ribosyltransferase is a promising target for the treatment of neonatal diabetes mellitus and an effective care of patients. Our study results encourage conducting further investigation in the multi-centric clinical genetic study including larger samples to assesses the role of NAD + ADP-ribosyltransferase polymorphism in neonatal diabetes mellitus.

Plasma tyrosine and its interaction with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese.

Aims/IntroductionMetabolomic markers have the potential to improve the predicting accuracy of existing risk scores for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present study aimed to test the associations between plasma tyrosine and type 2 diabetes mellitus with special attention to identifying possible cut‐off points for type 2 diabetes mellitus, and its interactive effects with low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) and/or high triglyceride for type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsFrom 27 May 2015 to 3 August 2016, we retrieved the medical notes of 1,898 inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus as the cases, and 1,522 individuals without diabetes as the controls who attended annual medical checkups from the same tertiary care center in Jinzhou, China. Logistic regression analyses were carried out to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Restricted cubic spline analysis nested in the logistic regression analysis was used to identify possible cut‐off points of tyrosine for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The additive interaction was used to estimate interactions between high tyrosine and low HDL‐C in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.ResultsThe OR of tyrosine for type 2 diabetes mellitus did not increase until 46 μmol/L and after that point, the OR rapidly rose with increasing tyrosine in a nearly linear manner. If 46 μmol/L was used to define high tyrosine, high tyrosine was associated with an increased OR of type 2 diabetes mellitus (adjusted OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.44–2.45). The presence of low HDL‐C greatly enhanced the ORs of tyrosine for type 2 diabetes mellitus from 1.11 (95% CI 0.82–1.51) to 54.11 (95% CI 33.96–86.22) with significant additive interaction.ConclusionsIn Chinese adults, tyrosine >46 μmol/L was associated with increased odds of type 2 diabetes mellitus, which was contingent on low HDL‐C.

Molecular mechanisms of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese

Diabetes is now a pandemic and shows no signs of abatement in China. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) results from the combination of insulin resistance and a relative deficiency of insulin production, which may be induced by a number of factors. In this seminar, we review the pathophysiology of this disorder, with particular attention to genetic defects, lifestyle factors, endocrine disruptors, and gut microbiota in Chinese.

Association of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway genetic variants with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese

Genetic variations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway may be associated with an increasing risk of obesity and diabetes. In this study, we aimed to test whether polymorphisms in the PIK3CA (catalytic subunit of PI3K), AKT1, AKT2, and FRAP1 (mTOR) genes were associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among Chinese population. A case-control study was conducted and included 248 cases with T2DM and 101 controls. A total of 28 tagSNPs from the 4 genes were chosen based on HapMap datasets and these were genotyped using a MassARRAY Compact Analyzer. Individuals carrying the rs2494746 CG/GG or rs2494738GA/GG genotype in AKT1 had a higher risk of T2DM, compared with those carrying homozygous variants (adjusted OR=1.79, 95% CI: 1.05-3.05, P=0.03 for rs2494746; adjusted OR=1.58, 95% CI: 1.19-2.10, P=0.02 for rs2494738). Furthermore, we found that haplotype GC in the AKT1 gene comprised rs2494738 and rs3803304, indicating a significant association with T2DM (OR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.01-1.15, P=0.03). Finally, generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) analysis indicated that the best interactive model included 3 polymorphisms: rs2494746 (AKT1), rs4802071 (AKT2), and rs4845856 (FRAP1). Our study suggests that PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway genes may participate in the development of T2DM.

Influencing factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese: a Meta-analysis

To evaluate the influencing factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese, and provide evidence for developing health promotion policy in the future. Relevant studies published from January 1997 to May 2015 were retrieved from PubMed, Medline, EBSCO, Science Direct, CBM, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang Database. Quality evaluation of the included literatures was conducted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, followed by data extraction and Meta-analysis with software RevMan 4.4.2. A total of 29 studies involving 92 970 subjects(11 150 cases and 81 820 controls)were included. The pooled OR and its 95% CI of each influencing factor were: overweight OR=1.66(1.49-1.85), abdominal obesity OR=1.98(1.31-3.01), family history of diabetes OR =3.13(2.52-3.87), smoking OR=1.46(1.24-1.72), drinking OR=1.19(1.09-1.29), hypertension OR=2.64(2.23-3.13), systolic blood pressure(SBP)OR=1.15(1.06-1.24), hyperlipoidemia OR=2.26(1.75-2.92), total cholesterol(TC)OR=1.87(1.14-3.08), triglyceride(TG)OR=1.73(1.23-2.44), history of coronary heart disease(CHD)OR=2.55(1.78-3.65), cerebrovascular accident(CVA)OR=2.21(1.62-3.02), dietary fat OR=0.52(0.27-0.99). The results of subgroup analysis identified 4 common influencing factors shared by the three subgroups, i.e. overweight, family history of diabetes, smoking and hypertension. Overweight, abdominal obesity, family history of diabetes, smoking, drinking, hypertension, SBP, TC, TG, history of CHD, history of CVA, and subtypes of dietary fat are the influencing factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese. Among these factors, overweight in recent 20 years, family history of diabetes, smoking and hypertension are persistent factors. More attention should be paid to overweight and obesity.

Accuracy of a Novel Non-Invasive technology based EZSCAN system for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in Chinese

BackgroundA new simple technique based on iontophoresis technology (EZSCAN, Impeto Medical, Paris, France) has recently been developed for the screening of diabetes. In the present study, we investigated the accuracy of this system for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in Chinese.MethodsWe performed the EZSCAN test in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. EZSCAN measures electrochemical conductance (EC) at forehead, hands and feet, and derives a diabetes index with a value ranging from 0 to 100. Diabetes mellitus was defined as a plasma glucose concentration of at least 7 mmol/l at fasting or 11.1 mmol/l at 2 hours after glucose load, or as the use of antidiabetic drugs.ResultsThe 195 study participants (51% men, mean age 52 years) included 75 diabetic patients (use of antidiabetic drugs 81%) and 120 non-diabetic subjects. EC (micro Siemens, μSi) was significantly (P < 0.001) lower in diabetic patients at the hands (44 vs. 61) and feet (51 vs. 69) locations, but not at the forehead (15 vs. 17, P = 0.39). When a diabetes index of 40 (suggested by the manufacturer) was used as the threshold, the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was 85% and 64%, respectively. In 80 patients who underwent an oral glucose tolerance test, EC at hands and feet and the diabetes index were significantly (P < 0.001) associated with both 2-hour post-load plasma glucose and serum glycosylated haemoglobin.ConclusionsEZSCAN might be useful in screening diabetes mellitus with reasonable sensitivity and specificity.

Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus exhibits distinct clinical and autoimmunity features from classical type 1 diabetes mellitus in Chinese

fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by abrupt onset of hyperglycemia and rapid progression to ketoacidosis. This study aimed at examining the clinical and autoimmunity features of fulminant T1DM in Chinese. a total of 24 patients with fulminant T1DM and 48 classical autoimmune T1DM patients with acute onset of ketoacidosis were recruited. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were tested. Serum antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, tyrosine phosphatase-2 and zinc transporter 8 were measured, and human leukocyte antigen-DQ haplotypes were determined. Peripheral glutamic acid decarboxylase 65-specific T-cell responses in some subjects were determined. compared with autoimmune T1DM patients, patients with fulminant T1DM displayed more flu-like and gastrointestinal symptoms, and had significantly higher concentrations of plasma glucose, more severe ketoacidosis, very low levels of pancreatic β-cell reserve, but only slightly increased haemoglobin A(1c) levels. In some patients, the disease onset was associated with drug-related hypersensitivity, pregnancy, or positive serum IgM against viruses. Forty percent (8/20) had low titres of autoantibodies against at least one of the islet autoantigens tested. Three out of six patients had positive glutamic acid decarboxylase-reactive Th1 responses. The frequency of human leukocyte antigen -DQA1*0102-DQB1*0601 haplotype was significantly higher in patients with fulminant T1DM. fulminant T1DM is a distinct entity with unique clinical characteristics and may be mediated by multiple factors, including viral infection, pregnancy, and drug sensitivity syndrome, among others, in the presence of humoral and/or cellular autoimmunity and susceptible genetic background.

Insulin autoantibody could help to screen latent autoimmune diabetes in adults in phenotypic type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese

Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is characterized by a relatively mild diabetes onset, autoantibody positivity, and eventual requirement for insulin therapy. Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADA) or cytoplasmic islet cell autoantibodies (ICA) play a key role in distinguishing LADA from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in clinical practice. The aim of our research was to determine whether insulin autoantibody (IAA) has some additional value in diagnosing LADA. We analyzed IAA, GADA, and IA-2A (antibodies to insulinoma-associated antigen-2) in 1,003 newly diagnosed phenotypic T2DM patients, 110 type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients, and 317 normal controls to survey the prevalence of IAA in phenotypic T2DM patients and the overlapping positivity of IAA with other autoantibodies. Sera were drawn within 7 days from the start of insulin therapy. Results showed that 3.39% of the newly diagnosed phenotypic T2DM, 0.95% of normal control (χ(2) = 5.3, P < 0.05), and 21.82% of T1DM (χ(2) = 68.2, P < 0.001) were positive for IAA at diagnosis. The combination frequency of three antibodies was 10.47%, which was higher than any single antibody testing. Combination testing of IAA with GADA and IA-2A could improve LADA diagnose rate by 2.39% than that of GADA and IA-2A. IAA-positive subjects had diabetes family history more common compared to its matched group (67.6% vs. 14.7%, P = 0.000). Postprandial C-peptide in IAA-positive group tended to be lower, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.084). We concluded that IAA can be used to screen LADA in phenotypic T2DM in the Chinese population.

Study on the mitochondrial DNA mutations in familial diabetes mellitus in Chinese population

To assess the prevalence of mutations or variants of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in familial diabetes mellitus in Chinese population, and to explore the relationship between mtDNA mutations or variants and diabetes. Seven hundred and seventy randomly selected, unrelated probands of diabetes pedigrees and 309 controls over 60 years of age with normal glucose tolerance were recruited. PCR-RFLP and PCR-direct sequencing were applied to the screening of mtDNA mutations or variants, including the mutations at nucleotides 3243, 3256 in tRNALeu region, 12258 in tRNASer region, 14709 in tRNAGlu region, 8296, 8344, 8363 in tRNALys region, 3316, 3394, 3426 in ND1 region and 12026 in ND4 region. In the diabetic group, 13 (1.69%) had mt3243 A>G mutation, 9(1.17%) had tRNAGlu 14709 T>C variant, 17 (2.21%) carried mt3316 G>A variant, 18 (2.34%) had mt3394 T>C variant, and 28 (3.63%) harbored the 12026 A>G variant. In the control group, the 14709, 3316, 3394, 12026 variants were detected in 5(1.62%), 5(1.62%), 6(1.94%), and 9(2.91%) subjects respectively. The 3256, 8296, 8344, 8363, 3426 and 12258 point mutations were not detected both in the diabetic patients and the controls. In the diabetic group, we found two double mutations, one was A3243G and T3394C, the other was A3243G and A12026G. Except that the A3243G mutation was only observed in the diabetic group, the frequencies of the other variants mentioned above were not statistically different between the diabetic and control groups. Moreover, clinical characteristics such as age of onset, BMI, and insulin resistance index were not different between diabetic patients with and without the variants. The tRNA (LeuUUR) 3243 A>G mutation may be the major cause of diabetes, representing 1.69% of the familial diabetes mellitus in Chinese. The other variants may be polymorphisms in this population, and the mutations not detected in our studied population may not be common contributors to diabetes mellitus in Chinese.

Association of -6735T-->C variant of glucokinase-associated dual-specificity phosphatase 12 gene with type 2 diabetes in Chinese

To investigate the impact of glucokinase-associated dual-specificity phosphatase 12 gene (DUSP12) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese. The genotypes of -6735T-->C of DUSP12 were determined by PCR-RFLP in 577 Chinese in Shanghai, 359 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 218 being newly diagnosed DM patients without taking any drug. Oral glucose tolerance test was conducted. Height, weight, glucose and insulin concentrations, serum lipid profiles, and fat distribution parameters were determined. The genotype frequency distributions of -6735T-->C variant in DUSP12 gene of the DM group and NGT group were not significantly different (all P > 0.05). The fasting plasma glucose concentration of the NGT subjects with C allele was 5.00 (4.69 - 5.28) mmol/L, significantly higher than that of the subjects with TT genotype [4.90 (4.50 - 5.26) mmol/L, P = 0.035]. The serum HDL-c concentration of the NGT subjects with C allele was (1.25 +/- 0.30) mmol/L, significantly lower than that of those with TT genotype [(1.34 +/- 0.30) mmol/L, P = 0.010]. These two results still showed significant statistical differences after adjusted with sex, age, and BMI (P = 0.035). -6735T-->C variant in DUSP12 doesn't play a major role in diabetes, but it may have some effects on glucose and lipid metabolism.

Primary role of HLA-DQA1 locus in determining susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Chinese

Primary role of HLA-DQA1 locus in determining susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Chinese

Immunogenetics of Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese

Diabetes Mellitus is a syndrome of hyperglycemia with heterogeneous etiology. Previous reports from population, migration and twin studies suggested that both genetic and environmental factors are all important in the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Among the genetic factors, HLA is the most important and extensively studied. As far as the non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), the etiology remains obscure, though polygenetic factors had been mentioned. Our studies were mainly focused on the assessment of BLA association with diabetes mellitus in Chinese. Preliminary results were shown below: (A)Phenotype association of HLA with IDDM, NIDDM & Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). There was no significant association of HLA-AB,C alleles with IDDM. DR3 is better associated with IDDM than is DR4 (RR=10.25 vs 3.56) which is the reverse in Caucasian. DR6 is negatively associated with IDDM. No significant association of HLA with NIDDM & MODY. (B)DR heterozygotes association with DM and non-diabetic diseases. Both DR3/4 and 3/9 are significantly associated with juvenile-onset IDDM (RR=47.1 &15.9) and adult-onset IDDM (RR=27.5 &202). The association of DR3/4 is stronger than that DR/9 in both groups. There is no significant association of DR3/4 with NIDDM, MODY and other non-diabetic diseases. (C)Association of BlA-DQαRFLP’S with IDDM. Genomic DNA from patients and controls were digested with EcoRI, Pstl, BamHI and Hindlll and then hybridized with DQα cDNA probe. The results showed 1)significantly increased frequency of EcoRI 13.0 kb, PstIl 9.0 & 4.1 kb and HindIII 4.6 kb in patients 2)significantly decreased frequency of EcoRI 17.0 kb, PstI 17.0 & 10.0 kb, and Hindlll 9.0kb in patients 3)no significant difference in BamHI fragments between IDDM patients and controls. (D)HLA haplotype association with IDDM. IDDM patients are highly associated with DR3 haplotype but not with DR4 haplotype. AW33Bl7CW3DR3DQW2DRW52 may be a high risk haplotype for IDDM in Chinese. (E)Association of non-aspartic acid at position 57 of the HLA-DQβ chain with IDDM and NIDDM. The presence of an amino acid other than aspartic acid at position 57 of the HLA-DQB chain (NA) is highly associated with susceptibility to IDDM in Caucasion but not in Japanese. In Chinese, we demonstrated that HLA-DQB non-ASP-57 allele is significantly associated with IDDM, but not with NIDDM.

Strong association of HLA-DR3/DRw9 heterozygosity with early-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Chinese

Strong association of HLA-DR3/DRw9 heterozygosity with early-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Chinese

HLA-DRw3 in juvenile onset diabetes mellitus in Chinese.

Thirty-nine juvenile onset diabetes mellitus (JOD) patients and 57 healthy Chinese were HLA-typed in Taiwan. The incidence of HLA-DRw3 was significantly increased in patients when compared with the control group (R.R. = 5.8, P = 0.0027). The frequencies of HLA-B17, which showed linkage disequilibrium with DRw3, and Bw54 were increased in patients, but these increases were not significant because of the small number tested. The DR antigen associated with JOD was the same among Chinese and Caucasians, which suggested that at least one of the susceptibility genes to JOD would be commonly in linkage disequilibrium with DRw3 in the two populations.