Diabetes Knowledge Score Research Articles

The Effectiveness of Family-Based Health Education Programs on Managing Type 2 Diabetes

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a global public health challenge that requires comprehensive management strategies. Family-based health education programs have emerged as a promising approach to enhance glycemic control, self-care behaviors, and patient outcomes by leveraging the supportive role of family members.Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a family-based health education program on the management of T2DM in Al-Hofuf City, Saudi Arabia.Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted involving 140 participants (70 patients with T2DM and 70 family members) recruited from three primary healthcare centers. Participants underwent a 12-week culturally tailored educational program focused on diabetes management, self-care practices, and family support. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose, body mass index (BMI), diabetes knowledge, self-care behaviors, and family support using validated tools.Results: Significant improvements were observed post-intervention in HbA1c levels (mean reduction: 0.7%; p < 0.001), fasting blood glucose (mean reduction: 18.4 mg/dL; p < 0.001), and BMI (mean reduction: 0.9 kg/m²; p = 0.02). Diabetes knowledge, self-care behaviors, and family support scores increased significantly (p < 0.001). Correlation analysis revealed strong associations between family support and improved glycemic control and self-care practices.Conclusion: Family-based health education programs significantly improve glycemic control, self-care behaviors, and family support among patients with T2DM. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating family-centered approaches into diabetes management to address cultural and social dynamics effectively.

Factors associated with disease knowledge and attitude among ambulatory patients with type 2 diabetes – a multicenter study

BackgroundDiabetes is a multifactorial disease state that requires adequate patient monitoring for improved health outcomes. Diabetes knowledge and attitude, and associated factors such as medication adherence, medication discrepancy, health literacy, and glycemic control were evaluated in this study. The selected factors were also compared with diabetes knowledge and attitude.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out among ambulatory diabetes patients in three tertiary healthcare facilities in Nigeria. An interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire was utilized for data collection. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the level of significance set at p < 0.05.ResultsA total of 188 diabetes patients participated in the study; 51 (27.1%) at the Federal Medical Center, Abeokuta, 69 (36.7%) at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, and 68 (36.2%) at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin. One hundred and twelve (59.6%) female patients participated in the study and patients’ average age was 58.69 ± 13.68 years. Medication discrepancy was observed among 101 (53.7%) patients. One hundred and three (54.8%), 47 (25.0%) and 38 (20.2%) had high, medium, and low medication adherence, respectively. Ninety-one (48.4%) had high health literacy. Mean diabetes knowledge score was 14.64 ± 2.55 points out of a maximum obtainable score of 18 points. Mean diabetes attitude of patients was 62.50 ± 6.86 points out of a maximum obtainable score of 70 points. Significant positive association was observed between diabetes knowledge and health literacy (Beta = 0.021, p = 0.029). Diabetes knowledge was higher in patients with higher level of formal education (p = 0.046), higher diabetes attitude (p < 0.001) and high health literacy (p = 0.002). Patients’ diabetes attitude was higher in individuals older than 60 years of age (p = 0.029), and those with high health literacy (p = 0.005).ConclusionsThe diabetes patients displayed good disease knowledge, attitude and medication adherence. Average levels of health literacy and medication discrepancy was observed among the patients. Significant differences were observed between patients’ diabetes knowledge and level of formal education, diabetes attitude, health literacy and age. Patients’ health literacy was significantly associated with diabetes knowledge.

Determinants of self-care among Jordanian children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

BackgroundDiabetes Self-Care Management (DSCM) is crucial for managing diabetes mellitus and improving patients’ well-being. Research on the young age group in Jordan is limited, and there is a lack of studies using an evaluation tool for understanding diabetes pharmacotherapy. This study intends to fill the information gap by examining young Jordanian patients’ knowledge and comprehension of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and its treatment modalities, evaluating their psychological well-being, and examining the relationship between children’s psychological health and self-care.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in the Jordanian Ministry of Health hospitals in Amman from June 2021 to January 2022. A convenience sampling method was used to select Arabic-speaking diabetic patients aged 11-a8 years who provided signed consent. A sample size of 400 was estimated. A self-administered questionnaire was developed based on a literature review to assess sociodemographic characteristics and diabetes and insulin knowledge, and validated scales were used to assess self-management (SMOD-A) and psychological well-being (ChilD-S).ResultsAnalysis of the questionnaire responses revealed varying levels of knowledge among the participants. Approximately half of the children (49.0%) demonstrated a lack of knowledge of diabetes pharmacotherapy. Psychological well-being indicators indicated moderate levels of happiness and feeling fine. The analysis of self-management indicators highlighted areas for improvement. Positive weak but significant correlations were found between children’s knowledge about diabetes (r = 0.255, p < 0.01), diabetes pharmacotherapy knowledge (r = 0.125, p < 0.05), psychological well-being (r = 0.112, p < 0.05), and their diabetic self-management scores. A multivariate regression analysis identified predictors of self-management, including the child’s school year (p = 0.035), ability to express feelings (p = 0.039), recent HbA1c levels (p = 0.028), and diabetes knowledge score (p < 0.001).ConclusionParticipants exhibited varying levels of knowledge about diabetes pharmacotherapy and self-management. Knowledge about diabetes was identified as a predictor for effective self-management. Moreover, glycemic control and diabetes mellitus awareness majorly impact overall self-management behaviors. Tailored education programs are necessary to fill knowledge gaps and enhance diabetes management among children.

THE EFFECT OF STRUCTURED DIABETIC SELF-CARE EDUCATION ON GLYCAEMIC CONTROL AMONG ADULTS WITH TYPE-2 DIABETES: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL

In Sub-Sahara Africa, diabetes is adversely reducing life expectancy partially due to inadequate diabetes self-care practice. Numerous folks with diabetes lack the requisite skills and knowledge to effectively manage their own condition. This study determined the effectiveness of a structured diabetes self-care education (DSCE) intervention versus routine care on glycaemic control among adults with type-2 diabetes attending a Family Medicine Clinic.We offered a DSME intervention and assessed how it affected patients’ self-reported levels of diabetes knowledge, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C) and diabetes self-care activities. Overall, there was poor diabetes knowledge at baseline (7.29 ± 2.81) among study participants. The difference in the mean Diabetes Knowledge scores before and after the DSME intervention was significantly greater in the intervention arm (mean difference = 13.29; 95% CI = 12.78 – 13.79; p &lt;0.001). Both groups showed improvement in mean glycosylated haemoglobin from baseline to post intervention however, the mean difference (2.04%) between the intervention and the routine care groups was statistically significant (95% CI = 2.35 – 3.73; p &lt;0.0001).Our study found significant improvements among the intervention group. The DSME tool impact positively on participants’ diabetes knowledge scores. Hence, our DSME intervention is clinically useful in diabetes mellitus self care.

Transition to self-management among emerging adults with type 1 diabetes: a mixed methods study.

Emerging adulthood is challenging for young people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). This study evaluated transition to diabetes self-management and perceptions of care transfer using mixed methods. An online survey queried demographics, management characteristics, diabetes knowledge, self-care readiness, adherence, and diabetes distress. T-tests compared survey scores between those with self-reported target A1c <7.0% versus ≥7.0%. Pearson correlations assessed associations between A1c and diabetes distress, stratified by A1c <7.0% versus ≥7.0%. Qualitative semi-structured interviews elicited perceptions of young adults; transcripts were analyzed using directed qualitative content analysis. Of 141 participants (30% male, 84% non-Hispanic white) completing the survey, 41% self-reported target A1c <7.0%. Diabetes knowledge and self-care readiness scores did not differ between those with A1c <7.0% versus ≥7.0%, while diabetes distress was lower (45 ± 20 vs 52 ± 20, p=0.01) and adherence higher (77 ± 12 vs 71 ± 14, p=0.02) in those with A1c <7.0% versus ≥7.0%. Diabetes distress was significantly associated with glycemic outcomes in those reporting A1c ≥7.0% (R=0.36, p<0.01). Qualitative analysis (24 participants) revealed five themes and two sub-themes, notable for need for more mental health support, support from others with T1D, benefits of technology for care autonomy, and challenges of obtaining diabetes supplies. Emerging adults with self-reported target A1c endorsed lower diabetes distress and higher adherence than those with elevated A1c. Mental health access, support from others with T1D, technology use, and guidance for supply acquisition may improve transition to self-management and care transfer for emerging adults with T1D.

Diabetes knowledge among Malaysian adults: A scoping review and meta-analysis.

Optimal self-care promotes glycaemic control and prevents diabetes complications. Its performance is facilitated by an adequate level of diabetes knowledge. This review aimed to evaluate diabetes knowledge among Malaysians by assessing diabetes knowledge scores and their associated factors. A comprehensive bibliographic search for Malaysian studies on diabetes knowledge was conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. Relevant literature was systematically selected and described; pertinent data were extracted; and data on diabetes knowledge levels and their associated factors were synthesised. The quality of the identified studies was assessed using a Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool. Thirty Malaysian cross-sectional studies that measured diabetes knowledge levels were retrieved. Nineteen of them used a named diabetes knowledge measurement tool, with 14 using the 14-item Michigan Diabetes Knowledge Test. A low knowledge level was prevalent among patients with diabetes mellitus (pooled mean knowledge score=6.92, proportion of patients with a low knowledge level=47.97%). The knowledge score was associated with some sociodemographic variables, health literacy, self-care and glycaemic control. The association of diabetes knowledge with diabetes outcomes (e.g. self-care and glycaemic control) reflects the potential of the former as a target of intervention. Periodic measurement of diabetes knowledge in healthcare settings and among populations can help in assessing the effectiveness of diabetes educational interventions. Concerted efforts to improve diabetes knowledge among Malaysians have the potential to fill knowledge-practice gaps.

Comparative Study of Diabetes Knowledge, Attitudes, Family Support, Self-efficacy, and Self-management Behaviors Between Cancer Survivors With Diabetes and Diabetes Patients Without Cancer

Background Studies have compared diabetes management quality indicators, focusing on physiological markers such as hemoglobin A1c, between cancer survivors with diabetes and general diabetes patients. However, research comparing differences in diabetes self-management behaviors and the factors influencing them between these groups is lacking. Objectives This study aimed to compare self-management behaviors, guided by the information-motivation-behavior model, between cancer survivors with diabetes and general diabetes patients. In addition, we aimed to identify differences in factors such as diabetes knowledge, attitudes, family support, and self-efficacy that may influence diabetes self-management behaviors in both groups. Methods A total of 125 cancer survivors with diabetes and 126 general diabetes patients participated in this cross-sectional study. A structured questionnaire assessed demographics, diabetes knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and self-management behaviors. Results Regarding diabetes education, 47.0% of cancer survivors and 61.6% of general diabetes patients received education. The cancer survivors had lower diabetes knowledge scores (10.30 ± 4.15, P &lt; .001), a lower perceived value of strict blood glucose control (4.10 ± 0.56, P &lt; .001), and less family support (15.50 ± 7.50, P = .019) than the patients without cancer (13.51 ± 3.84, 4.25 ± 0.65, and 17.57 ± 6.40, respectively). Conclusion This study reveals significant differences in diabetes self-management between cancer survivors and general diabetes patients. Cancer survivors showed lower diabetes knowledge, glucose control perception, and family support. These findings highlight the need for tailored self-management programs for cancer survivors. Implications for Practice This study offers insights for developing tailored diabetes self-management programs and educational interventions for cancer survivors.

Impact of a multicomponent integrated care delivery program on diabetes care goals achievement: a primary care quality improvement initiative

AimTo evaluate the impact of multicomponent integrated care (MIC) delivery program in a primary care real-life setting on diabetes care goals. MethodsPatients with T2D and usual primary care from the public health system in Mexico were invited to participate in a five-month ambulatory MIC quality initiative (DIAbetes Empowerment and Improvement of Care program, DIABEMPIC). Results841 patients who finished the program and with complete data were analyzed. The patients had a mean decrease in hemoglobin A1c, systolic and diastolic pressure, and LDL-cholesterol of 2.4%, 9 mmHg, 3 mmHg, and 22.5 mg/dL, respectively (p < 0.001). The achievement of the optimal triple target goal increased from 1.8% to 26.7% (p < 0.001). In the adjusted analysis, the diabetes knowledge and global self-care behavior score post-intervention, as well as the increment of global self-care behavior score were associated with the optimal composite risk factor control achievement. ConclusionThe incorporation of diabetes therapeutic education interventions to improve self-care behaviors along with adequate treatment intensification in diabetes care are fundamental to attaining optimal risk factor control and attenuating disease burden.

567-P: Impact of Diabetes Prevention Education Program on Diabetes Knowledge among Adults with Prediabetes—A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial in Nepal

Background: Diabetes knowledge is important for diabetes prevention but has been less studied among people with prediabetes. This study aimed to assess the impact of a community-based lifestyle intervention program called Diabetes Prevention Education Program (DiPEP) on diabetes knowledge among adults with prediabetes in Nepal. Method: This study is a part of a two-arm open cluster randomized controlled trial conducted from October 2019-September 2021 in two urban areas of Nepal. Participants of the intervention arm received four 1-hour weekly education sessions, follow-up for the next 5 months, diabetes prevention education brochure, exercise calendar and daily food logbook. The control arm received an education brochure at baseline and 1-hour education session after endline data collection. The change in diabetes knowledge was assessed using Nepali validated 24-items Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ), with higher score representing better disease knowledge. Linear mixed model was used to analyze the impact of the DiPEP on diabetes knowledge score with intent-to-treat approach. Results: A total of 291 participants were recruited in the trial with mean age of 50.3±7.6 years and 67% were female. Only 290 participants had baseline DKQ (158 intervention, 132 control), out of these 258 completed the endline DKQ (139 intervention, 119 control). At baseline, mean DKQ score was 9.2 (SD 5.2) in intervention and 10.6 (SD 4.8) in control arm. After the intervention, mean change in the score between intervention and control group was 0.4 (95% CI -1.0-1.7) among those with good compliance to DiPEP. The results did not change from main analysis for those who attended ≥3 of all 4 sessions. Conclusion: Diabetes knowledge did not improve significantly after the intervention among the participants. Regular and frequent engagement of participants might help to improve diabetes knowledge among the individuals. Disclosure P.Shakya: None. A.Shrestha: None. B.M.Karmacharya: None. A.Shrestha: None. M.Bajracharya: None. B.E.Kulseng: None. E.Skovlund: None. A.Sen: None. Funding Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Public Health and Nursing (81850087)

Dietary patterns associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes in women with and without a history of gestational diabetes mellitus: A pilot study

Introduction: There is limited evidence on dietary patterns and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared to their non-GDM counterparts, especially in the Asian population. The pilot study investigated dietary patterns in women with a history of GDM (HGDM) and without a history of GDM (non-HGDM), and the association with T2D risk. Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study involved 64 women (32 HGDM, 32 non-HGDM). Food intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Principal component analysis derived the dietary patterns. T2D risk score was determined using the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score tool. Results: HGDM group had significantly higher proportion of first-degree family history of diabetes; higher risk of T2D and better diabetes knowledge; lower gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention; and consumed more fast food than nonHGDM. ‘Rice-noodle-pasta-meat’ dietary pattern was significantly associated with increased T2D risk after adjusting for age (β=0.272, p=0.032). ‘Bread-cereals-fast food-meat’ dietary pattern was positively and significantly associated with T2D risk after adjusting for confounders, including age, education level, family history of diabetes, diabetes knowledge score, gestational weight gain, and postpartum weight retention (β=0.251, p=0.012). Conclusion: Dietary patterns high in bread, cereals and cereal products, fast food and meat, as well as rice, noodle, pasta and meat were associated with an elevated T2D risk. A more extensive study is warranted to establish the association between dietary patterns and risk of T2D, focusing on women with a history of GDM.

Knowledge of Diabetes among Adults at High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes in the Trivandrum District of Kerala, India

We aimed to study the knowledge of diabetes among individuals with a high risk for developing type 2 diabetes in the Trivandrum district of the Indian state of Kerala. The baseline data collected from 1007 participants of the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program were analyzed. Diabetes knowledge was assessed using a scale adapted from a large nationwide study conducted in India. The composite score of the scale ranged from 0 to 8. The mean age of the participants was 46.0 (SD: 7.5) years, and 47.2% were women. The mean diabetes knowledge score was 6.9 (SD: 2.1), with 59.5% having the maximum possible score of 8. Of the 1007 participants, 968 (96.1%) had heard the term diabetes, and of them, 87.2% knew that the prevalence of diabetes is increasing, 92.9% knew at least one risk factor for diabetes, 79.6% knew that diabetes can cause complications in organs, and 75.9% knew that diabetes can be prevented. While the overall level of knowledge of diabetes about its risk factors, complications, and prevention was generally high, an alarmingly low proportion of participants knew that diabetes can affect key organs such as the eyes (24.0%), heart (20.1%), feet (10.2%), and nerves (2.9%), and nearly a quarter (24.1%) were not aware that diabetes can be prevented. It is essential to educate high-risk individuals about diabetes complications and the importance of and strategies for diabetes prevention in the Trivandrum district of Kerala.

A picture is worth a thousand words: A culturally-tailored video-based approach to diabetes education in Somali families of children with type 1 diabetes

ObjectivesType 1 diabetes (T1D) is highly prevalent in Somali immigrant children and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels are elevated in this population compared to non-Hispanic Whites. Current self-management diabetes education has not been tailored to this population. We aimed to improve delivery of T1D education to Somali immigrants by developing and testing a culturally-appropriate video-based curriculum. MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved Somali youth ≤ 19 years with T1D followed at two pediatric tertiary centers in Minnesota. Ten Somali-language T1D education videos were developed (∼60 min for total program) based on core ADA curriculum and tailored to address cultural concerns and misconceptions. A diabetes knowledge questionnaire was administered to parents of all participants and to children aged ≥12 years. Pre- and post-educational session questionnaire mean scores were compared using a paired t-test to assess knowledge improvement immediately post-video education (primary endpoint) and retention at 3 months (secondary endpoint). HbA1c was measured pre- and 6 months post education (exploratory endpoint). ResultsTwenty-two Somali parents of 22 children participated (mean age 12.3 ± 4 years; 36 % female), 12 children ≥12 years. Diabetes knowledge scores significantly improved immediately post-video education compared to baseline (p = 0.012). This improvement persisted 3 months later (p = 0.0008). There was no significant change in mean HbA1c from baseline at 6 months post education (9.0 ± 1.5 % vs 9.3 ± 1.9; p = 0.6). ConclusionCulturally and linguistically tailoring diabetes education materials to African immigrants and delivering it audio-visually could improve effectiveness of diabetes education and increase knowledge and retention compared to simply translating standard diabetes education materials. The effect on HbA1c needs further study with a larger sample size.

Assessment of food labeling knowledge and associated reading barriers among patients with diabetes.

The most challenging part of diabetes management for a patient with diabetes is selecting a healthy diet. The purpose of this study is to evaluate participants' knowledge of food labels, to find out the relationship between the type of diabetes mellitus (DM) and knowledge score of food labels, and to explore the barriers that prevent patients from reading food labels. This observational study was conducted on patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes using a validated self-administered questionnaire. The study was conducted at diabetes clinics at King Khalid University Hospital and King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from November 2019 to February 2020. Data were analyzed using SPSS. A total of 310 participants were enrolled in this study, of which 50.3% had type 1 DM, and more than half of them were female (51.6%). Patients with type 1 DM had higher mean declarative and applied knowledge scores than those with type 2 DM, regardless of whether they were taking pre meals insulin or not. The highest proportion (39.9%) had difficulty in understanding the content of the nutrition labels, and some of them (37.2%) did not receive any educational session about it. Only 9.5% of the participants did not have any difficulties in reading food labels. Patients with both types of diabetes tended to have poor total knowledge about food labels and faced difficulties in reading them. Provided educational sessions by primary health care and specialized physician and DM educator about food labels are recommended to help them to choose food properly.

Uptake and effectiveness of online diabetes continuing education: The perspectives of Thai general practitioner trainees

BackgroundDespite continuing medical education (CME) programmes on evidence-based diabetes care, evidence-based best practice and actual GP practice remain scant. Online CME offers numerous benefits to general practitioners (GPs), particularly during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In Thailand, CME is a voluntary process and is yet to be established as a mandatory requirement. This study examined GP uptake of online diabetes CME and the changes in GPs’ attitudes to and knowledge of Type 2 diabetes management. MethodsA cross-sectional study and a before-and-after study were employed with 279 GP trainees who voluntarily undertook a newly-developed online diabetes programme. A follow-up survey was conducted six months after the GP trainees completed their training. ResultsOne hundred and twelve out of 279 GP trainees (40.1%) participated in the study, of whom 37 (13.3%) enrolled in the online diabetes programme, and 20 (7.2%) completed the programme. Before enrolling in the programme, the participants' mean diabetes knowledge score was 61.5%. The participants’ confidence in effective insulin treatment increased significantly after the programme (95% Confidence interval [CI], −0.51-0.00; P = 0.05), but their knowledge scores before and after the programme were not statistically different (95% CI, −3.93-0.59; P = 0.14). ConclusionUptake of the online diabetes CME was poor, although appropriate recruitment strategies were employed, and the online educational option was attractive and accessible during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study emphasises the gap between evidence-based practice and actual GP practice and the need for mandatory CME.

Primary health care nurses' knowledge, self-efficacy and performance of diabetes self-management support.

Patients living with diabetes are primarily managed and supported by nurses in primary health care (PHC). Therefore, PHC nurses require knowledge of diabetes and confidence (self-efficacy) to perform diabetes self-management support (SMS). This study evaluated the diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy and performance of diabetes SMS by PHC nurses. Primary health care facilities in King Sabata Dalindyebo subdistrict, O.R. Tambo district, Eastern Cape. A quantitative cross-sectional and simple correlational design was used. Registered nurses (n = 100) completed a validated self-reporting questionnaire to measure diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy and performance of SMS. Participants' diabetes knowledge mean scores were high (mean of 11.9, standard deviation [s.d.] 1.8, out of 14). Self-efficacy scores (mean 18.91, s.d. 3.2 out of 24) were higher than performance of SMS scores (mean 17.81, s.d. 3.3 out of 24). Knowledge was not associated with self-efficacy or performance, but self-efficacy was positively correlated with performance of SMS (r = 0.78, p 0.01). Nurses with a postgraduate qualification in primary care nursing had significantly higher diabetes knowledge scores (mean = 92.9 vs. 83.8; p = 0.03), and years of experience as a nurse were positively correlated with the performance of SMS (r = 0.21, p = 0.05). Diabetes knowledge of PHC nurses in this study does not translate into self-efficacy and the performance of SMS in practice, indicating the need for specific SMS training, support by experienced mentors, appropriate guidelines and comprehensive integrated chronic care systems.Contribution: This is the first study to report on the SMS self-efficacy and performance of PHC nurses in South Africa.

Knowledge of diabetes and the practice of diabetes self-management during Ramadan fasting among patients with type 2 diabetes in Malaysia

Background and aimsTo assess the level of diabetes knowledge and its association with diabetes self-management practices during Ramadan fasting among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted involving a sample of Malaysian patients with T2D. Patients aged 18 years and above, and attending an outpatient diabetic unit of a government hospital were recruited between February and April 2021. A self-administered questionnaire was utilized to assess diabetes knowledge and diabetes self-management practices. ResultsA total of 306 participants completed the questionnaire. Most of them were females (54.2%) and above 55 years old (75.1%). Resultantly, knowledge of diabetes was considered average among 52% of the participants. Only 9.5% of them avoided the consumption of sweet foods during iftar. Practicing late suhoor (p = 0.012) and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) (p = 0.026) during Ramadan were significantly associated with a better diabetes knowledge score. Education level (p = 0.000), working status (p = 0.030), and monthly income (p = 0.000) were significantly associated with participants’ knowledge level of diabetes. A higher proportion (72.2%) of the participants completed fasting for a month during Ramadan 2020. Meanwhile, hypoglycemia was the main reason (38.8%) for incomplete fasting. ConclusionsThese findings reflect the need to improve patients’ knowledge of diabetes and diabetes self-management practices, especially during Ramadan. Such objectives could be achieved by considering the associated factors identified in this study.

Association of socio-demographic determinants and knowledge of type-2 diabeties

This study aimed to investigate awareness of type 2 diabetes and how sociodemographic factors influence diabetes knowledge in a rural population of Telangana, India. Systematic random sampling was used to gather study participants in 17 villages within the Rajanna sircilla district of Telangana, India. Data on diabetes knowledge was collected using a validated questionnaire. Knowledge score range was 0–8; a score of zero was designated as ‘low knowledge’, scores 1–4 as ‘moderate knowledge’, and scores 5–8 as ‘good knowledge’. Associations between sociodemographic factors and composite diabetes knowledge score were assessed using a multinomial logistic GLLAMM model in Stata. Overall awareness of diabetes was low, with 66% of individuals having no knowledge of diabetes. Only 16% and 17% achieved a moderate and a good knowledge score, respectively. Achieving a moderate knowledge score was significantly positively associated with education, wealth and business ownership as a source of income. The low awareness of diabetes among participants of this study raises serious concerns for public health in India.

Effectiveness and Acceptability of a Nutrition Intervention Targeting Chinese Adult Immigrants With Type 2 Diabetes in Canada: A Study Using Mixed-Methods Analysis

ObjectivesAlthough culturally tailored diabetes treatment is recommended, there is a lack of relevant dietary resources for the Chinese population in Canada. In this study, we assessed the feasibility and efficacy of a culturally tailored menu plan combined with nutrition education on clinical outcomes, diet quality and qualitative outcomes among Chinese immigrants with type 2 diabetes. MethodsParticipants were 17 Chinese immigrants living with type 2 diabetes in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The design was a 12-week, single-arm intervention that included weekly nutrition education supported by a culturally tailored menu plan with mixed-methods evaluation. Diet quality, clinical and other outcomes were assessed pre- and postintervention. One-on-one interviews were conducted postintervention to identify program feasibility and obstacles to adherence. ResultsWaist circumference (mean ± standard deviation: −2.0±2.5 cm; p=0.004), total cholesterol (−21.4±28.2 mg/dL; p=0.007) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−18.4±24.6 mg/dL; p=0.007) were decreased when compared with baseline. No significant change was detected in glycated hemoglobin. Postintervention, the Healthy Eating Index (p=0.01) and diabetes knowledge score (p=0.009) also increased. Participants reported that the program was culturally acceptable, easily understood and feasible to implement. Participants indicated the program helped them to improve their diabetes knowledge, adhere to the dietary guidelines, choose low glycemic index food and read food labels when shopping. ConclusionsA flexible, culturally tailored menu plan was a feasible and effective tool for improving diabetes knowledge, diet quality and metabolic outcomes among Chinese immigrants with type 2 diabetes.

Sociodemographic factors associated with knowledge of type 2 diabetes in rural Tamil Nadu, India.

This study aimed to investigate awareness of type 2 diabetes and how sociodemographic factors influence diabetes knowledge in a rural population of Tamil Nadu, India. Previous research has identified poor awareness of diabetes in several low and middle-income countries, which can lead to a high prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes. India having the second highest prevalence of diabetes globally, it is increasingly important to assess how diabetes can be addressed in rural Indian populations. Systematic random sampling was used to gather study participants in 17 villages within the Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu, India. Data on diabetes knowledge was collected using a validated questionnaire. Knowledge score range was 0-8; a score of zero was designated as 'low knowledge', scores 1-4 as 'moderate knowledge', and scores 5-8 as 'good knowledge'. Associations between sociodemographic factors and composite diabetes knowledge score were assessed using a multinomial logistic GLLAMM model in Stata. A total of 753 individuals participated in the study. The average age of participants was 47 years and 55% were women. Overall awareness of diabetes was low, with 66% of individuals having no knowledge of diabetes. Only 16% and 17% achieved a moderate and a good knowledge score, respectively. Achieving a moderate knowledge score was significantly positively associated with education, wealth, participation in the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), and business ownership as a source of income. Achieving a good knowledge score was significantly positively associated with education, wealth, rurality, participation in MGNREGA, business ownership as a source of income, and frequency of healthcare utilization. Rurality was significantly negatively associated (relative risk ratio (95% confidence interval)) with both moderate knowledge score (0.34 (0.19-0.59)), and good knowledge score (0.43 (0.24-0.74)). The strongest predictor of having a good knowledge score was having a high-school graduate or post-secondary education (11.07 (4.44-27.61)). Enrolment in MGNREGA employment was the strongest predictor for having a moderate knowledge score (3.27 (1.93-5.54)), as well as strongly associated with having a good knowledge score (2.39 (1.31-4.36)). The low awareness of diabetes among participants of this study raises serious concerns for public health in India. Public health efforts must prioritize health equity to lessen the impacts of diabetes in rural populations, where individuals face systemic barriers to receiving prevention and treatment for conditions such as diabetes.

Effect of Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) with and without Motivational Interviewing (MI) on Glycemic Control among Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic disease that is difficult to control. Motivational interviewing (MI) is a collaborative style of communication that was designed to strengthen a person’s motivation and commitment to change and improve. We hypothesized that applying MI to diabetes care would lead to improved glycemic control and improved diabetes self-care behavior.&#x0D; Methods: Subjects were T1DM patients aged 10-18 years with HbA1C ≥8% that were recruited from the Outpatient Diabetes Clinic during October 2016 - March 2017. Subjects were randomized into the diabetes self-management education (DSME) or DSME plus MI groups. HbA1C levels, diabetes knowledge test, and diabetes self-care behavioral questionnaire were performed.&#x0D; Results: Thirty-five patients (17 DSME, 18 DSME + MI) completed the study. Baseline HbA1C was not significantly different between groups. At the end of the study, HbA1C levels were not significantly different within or between groups. From pre-intervention to post-intervention, diabetes knowledge scores were significantly increased, and self-care behavioral scores were significantly increased for dietary control and medical taking. Transition to the stages of change action stage was increased from 0 to 12 persons.&#x0D; Conclusions: The effectiveness of MI on glycemic control was not found to be statistically significant at 6 months. However, continuation of DSME in T1DM patients is necessary for improving diabetes knowledge and care. Further study in a larger sample size with longer duration of MI and follow-up is needed to conclusively establish the value of MI on glycemic control in pediatric T1DM.