Diabetes In Japanese Research Articles

Association between alcohol consumption and incidence of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged Japanese from Panasonic cohort study 12

This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association between alcohol consumption and the onset of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged Japanese individuals. Participants were aged 40 and above from Panasonic Corporation, Osaka, Japan’s medical health checkup program from 2008 to 2021. Alcohol consumption was calculated by converting the quantity consumed into daily ethanol consumption. We assessed the association between alcohol consumption and the onset of type 2 diabetes using Cox regression analysis. The total and median follow-up duration was 13 years and 7 (3–13) years (748,090 person-years). Among 102,802 participants, 7,510 participants (7.3%) developed type 2 diabetes during the study period. Alcohol consumption at the level of 0 < to < 22 g/day and 22 to < 39 g/day were negatively associated with developing type 2 diabetes compared to complete alcohol abstainers. Alcohol consumption at levels of 39 to < 66 g/day and at levels of ≥ 66 g/day were positively associated with developing type 2 diabetes in participants with BMI < 25 kg/m2. All levels of alcohol consumption were negatively associated with developing type 2 diabetes in participants with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Moderate-to-heavy alcohol consumption were positively associated with developing type 2 diabetes for participants with BMI < 25 kg/m2, whereas alcohol intake was negatively associated with developing type 2 diabetes among participants with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2.

Investigation of Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Profiles of Japanese Diets Using the Food Exchange Lists for Diabetes Diet.

Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese provide target values for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. However, they do not provide information on reference values for amino acids (AAs) and fatty acids (FAs), which determine the quality of foods in detail. Therefore, we evaluated AAs and FAs using the Food Exchange Lists-Dietary Guidance for Persons with Diabetes (in Japanese) Utilization, Second Edition Sample Menus and Practice (FELD) as an ideal Japanese diet. Based on FELD, 15 different daily meal patterns were employed with combinations of three levels of carbohydrates %energy (high carbohydrate [HC], 60%; middle carbohydrate [MC], 55%; and low carbohydrate [LC], 50%) and five levels of energy (1,200-2,000 kcal). Using the Japanese Food Composition Table 2020 adjusted for 1,000 kcal, 18 AAs, 49 FAs, and calorie densities (CDs, kcal/g) were calculated and compared among the three groups. Dietary AA was rich in glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and leucine; in order, no significant differences were observed among HC, MC, and LC for 18 AAs. Dietary FA was higher for 18:1 total, 16:0, and 18:2 n-6. Moreover, 16:0, 20:0, and 18:1 total in LC and 22:0 and 18:3 n-3 in MC were significantly higher than those in HC. The HC, MC, and LC CD was low at 0.82, 0.84, and 0.93 kcal/g, respectively. No significant differences in 18 AAs and CD were noted among HC, MC, and LC in FELD; however, significant differences were observed in the FA profiles. This study suggests the importance of evaluating diet using AA and FA units.

1234-P: Serum Fatty Acid Composition as a Biomarker of Diabetes Development: Tokushima Cohort Study

Few prospective cohort studies still exist on the association between serum fatty acid (FA) proportions and the enzymes involved in their synthesis and the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D) . Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether or not serum FA proportions or FA ratios, which reflect desaturase activities, are associated with the incidence of T2D. Here we analyzed data of a prospective cohort study, which was conducted during 2010-20in Japan. A total of 872 male workers without diabetes aged over 20 years were followed up prospectively. Diabetes was defined as having either: 1) fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl, 2) HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, 3) medication for hyperglycemia or 4) postprandial plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dl during the follow-up period. We measured serum FA levels and estimated the activity of ⊿5desaturase (D5D) by calculating the ratio of serum arachidonic acid to dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) . The subjects were also divided into two groups by the cutoff point of waist circumference (WC) ≥ 90 cm. In multivariate analysis, the HR of developing diabetes was 2.81 [95%CI: 1.to 7.15, P=0.03] in the highest quartile of serum DGLA proportion and 0.28 [95%CI: 0.to 0.90, P=0.03] in the highest quartile of D5D, compared with their lowest quartiles, respectively. In stratified analysis, the multivariate adjusted risk of diabetes was higher in participants with low D5D/low WC (2.56 [0.96 to 6.82]) or high D5D/high WC (2.77 [0.68 to 11.32]) , and was significantly higher in participants with low D5D/high WC (6.30 [1.95 to 20.33, P=0.002]) than in participants with high D5D/low WC. Our findings suggest that the combination of increased serum DGLA proportion and attenuated D5D activity is a risk factor for the incidence of diabetes in male Japanese, especially in those with WC ≥ 90 cm. Thus, the significance of serum FA measurements in predicting T2D is suggested. Disclosure A.Hata: None. N.Aki: None. T.Ichihara: None. A.Tamura: None. T.Minagawa: None. Y.Kuwamura: None. M.Funaki: Board Member; Mechanogenic, Inc. Funding Grants-in-aid for research from Tokushima Prefecture Local Government

1081-P: Serum Total Adiponectin Level Is Associated with Onset of Diabetes in Male Japanese: Tokushima Cohort Study

Emerging evidence suggests that adiponectin secreted from adipocytes may have a preventive effect on the development of type 2 diabetes, attributable to an increase in insulin sensitivity and suppression of inflammation. However, when the East Asian population is considered, dysfunction of insulin secretion, besides insulin resistance and inflammation, has been assumed to play a significant role in the development of diabetes. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine whether there is an association between a decrease in serum total adiponectin level and the incidence of diabetes in male Japanese, with consideration of insulin secretory function. We here report a prospective occupational-based cohort study, which was conducted during 2010-2019 in Japan. Briefly, 851 male workers without diabetes aged over 20 years were followed up prospectively. Diabetes was defined as either: 1) fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl, 2) HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, 3) medication for hyperglycemia or 4) postprandial plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dl during the follow-up period. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of serum total adiponectin level for the incidence of diabetes were estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model. In multivariate analysis after adjusting for age, BMI, smoking habit, alcohol intake, regular exercise, family history of diabetes, HDL-C, triglyceride, hypertension and HOMA-β, HR of developing diabetes was 8.61 [95%CI: 1.87 to 39.77, P=0.01] in the lowest quartile of serum total adiponectin, compared with the highest quartile. Furthermore, the risk of diabetes was 36% higher (P&amp;lt;0.01) per 1 µg/ml decrement of serum total adiponectin level in the multivariate-adjusted model. These results suggest that serum total adiponectin level could be a biomarker for the onset of diabetes in male Japanese, even with consideration of the ability of fasting insulin secretion and adjustment of its impact. Disclosure A. Hata: None. M. Miyoshi: None. T. Nakao: None. T. Ichihara: None. A. Tamura: None. T. Minagawa: None. Y. Kuwamura: None. M. Funaki: Board Member; Self; Mechanogenic, Inc., Consultant; Self; Happy, Inc., Research Support; Self; Japan Tobacco Inc.

Dietary fiber intake and risk of type2 diabetes in a general Japanese population: The Hisayama Study.

Aims/IntroductionThe investigation of the influence of dietary fiber intake on the incidence of type 2 diabetes in a general Japanese population.Materials and MethodsA total of 1,892 individuals aged 40–79 years without diabetes at baseline were prospectively followed up for 14 years. The glucose tolerance status of participants was defined by a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test with the 1998 World Health Organization criteria. Dietary fiber intake was estimated by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and divided to quintile levels separately by sex. A Cox proportional hazards model was applied for computing the hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals for the incidence of diabetes.ResultsDuring the follow‐up period, 280 participants had developed diabetes. The age‐adjusted cumulative diabetes incidence decreased significantly with higher total dietary fiber intake (P‐for trend = 0.01). Participants in the highest quintile of total dietary fiber intake had a 0.53‐fold (95% confidence interval 0.31–0.90) lower risk of developing diabetes than those in the lowest quintile after for the adjustment with potential confounding factors. Total dietary fiber intake showed a moderate positive correlation to the intake of soybean and soybean products, green vegetables, and other vegetables. Similar associations with diabetes and food sources were observed for both of the soluble and insoluble dietary fiber intake.ConclusionsThe present study showed that higher dietary fiber intake was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes in a general Japanese population. The intake of high dietary fiber foods might be useful for diabetes prevention.

30-minute postload plasma glucose levels during an oral glucose tolerance test predict the risk of future type 2 diabetes: the Hisayama Study

IntroductionTo investigate the associations of 30 min postload plasma glucose (30 mPG) levels during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with the risk of future diabetes in a general Japanese...

Association of health literacy with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia: A cross-sectional survey of a regional Japanese community

Objectives This study aimed to identify how communicative and critical health literacy (CCHL) was associated with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in a regional Japanese community.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted through stratified random sampling to achieve the study objectives. The sample comprised adults aged 20-75 years, residing in Ebetsu in Hokkaido, Japan. Stratification was accomplished by classifying the population into 3 districts of Ebetsu city, with 1,000 people being randomly selected from each district. A self-reporting questionnaire was then administered over July and August 2018 to these 3,000 participants. Ebetsu city officials distributed and collected the questionnaires, delivering anonymized data to the researchers. Of the 1,630 respondents, 8 did not complete the CCHL questionnaire and 43 did not fill the disease status questionnaire, so these were excluded. The final analysis was performed on the responses received from 692 men and 887 women. The CCHL scores were grouped into quartiles to identify trends related to the diseases and lifestyles. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the associations between CCHL and instances of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in both sexes. The analysis was adjusted for age, living arrangement, marital status, educational attainment, current employment status, body mass index, frequency of regular exercise, habit of skipping breakfast, and smoking status.Results The overall CCHL score was computed as 3.58±0.67 (mean±SD). Among men, the prevalence of hypertension in the highest CCHL score group was significantly lower than that in the lowest CCHL group (OR 0.49; 95%CI: 0.28-0.84). The analysis indicated that the prevalence of hypertension among men was low for the highest CCHL score group (AOR 0.62; 95%CI: 0.32-1.22). Associations between CCHL scores and other diseases were found to be non-significant in both men and women.Conclusion Male participants with the highest CCHL scores had a significantly lower prevalence of hypertension than those with the lowest CCHL scores. However, these associations were found to be non-significant after adjusting for confounding factors. Future studies on the association of CCHL with lifestyle disorders should apply a longitudinal design.

A4247 Interpersonal exchanges and Leisure activities are associated with Hypertension and Diabetes in community-dwelling older Japanese

Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate the association between the morbidity of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and interpersonal exchanges and leisure activities in old peoples living in the community. Methods: This study included people aged 73 (±1), 83 (±1) and 93 (±1) years (n = 911, 865 and 178) who participated in the Japanese longitudinal cohort study of SONIC study. Self-reported medical history about hypertension and diabetes mellitus and interviews and questionnaire surveys about the number of friends and neighborhoods, the frequency of communication with others, and the confidence in others as indicators of interpersonal exchanges, and presence or absence of leisure activities were performed. Chi-square test were used to estimate the association between the morbidity of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and interpersonal exchanges and leisure activities. Results: Hypertension was present in 46.6% of participants aged 73, 57.6% of 83 and 67.9% of 93. Diabetes was in 13.4% of participants aged 73, 11.5% of 83 and 15.2% of 93. At the age of 73 and 83, significant higher morbidity of hypertension was correlated with more frequency in indirect-exchanges and leisure activities. At the age of 93, there was no significantly association of hypertension with leisure activities. Whereas, in all generations, having interpersonal exchanges and a presence of leisure activities were significantly correlated with high frequency of unaffected diabetes. Conclusion: From results, hypertension might be associated with high activity in these generations. In contrast, it suggested that social activities have a preventive effect on diabetes in the old peoples. In conclusion, social activity is associated with the morbidity of both hypertension and diabetes among community-dwelling older people.

Reducing the Risk of Developing Diabetes.

Reducing the Risk of Developing Diabetes.

Association of usual sleep quality and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes in Japanese: A cross sectional study. Sleep and Food Registry in Kanagawa (SOREKA).

ObjectivesExcessively short and long sleep durations are associated with type 2 diabetes, but there is limited information about the association between sleep quality and diabetes. Accordingly, the present study was performed to investigate this relationship.Materials and methodsThe subjects were 3249 patients with type 2 diabetes aged 20 years or older. Sleep quality was assessed by using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A higher global PSQI score indicates worse sleep quality, and a global PSQI score >5 differentiates poor sleepers from good sleepers.ResultsThe mean global PSQI score was 5.94 ± 3.33, and 47.6% of the patients had a score of 6 or higher. Regarding the components of the PSQI, the score was highest for sleep duration, followed by subjective sleep quality and then sleep latency in decreasing order. When the patients were assigned to HbA1c quartiles (≤ 6.5%, 6.6–7.0%, 7.1–7.8%, and ≥ 7.9%), the top quartile had a significantly higher global PSQI score than the other quartiles. The top HbA1c quartile had a sleep duration of only 6.23 ± 1.42 hours, which was significantly shorter than in the other quartiles. Also, sleep latency was 25.3 ± 31.8 minutes in the top quartile, which was significantly longer (by approximately 20 minutes) than in the other quartiles. When analysis was performed with adjustment for age, gender, BMI, smoking, and other confounders, the global PSQI score was still significantly higher and sleep duration was shorter in the top HbA1c quartile (HbA1c ≥ 7.9%).ConclusionsJapanese patients with type 2 diabetes were found to have poor subjective sleep quality independently of potential confounders, especially those with inadequate glycemic control. Impairment of sleep quality was associated with both increased sleep latency and a shorter duration of sleep.

Effects of alcohol abstinence on glucose metabolism in Japanese men with elevated fasting glucose: A pilot study

It has been demonstrated that moderate alcohol consumption provides protection against the development of type 2 diabetes. However, several other reports suggested that moderate alcohol intake may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes in non-obese Japanese. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of 1-week alcohol abstinence on hepatic insulin sensitivity and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in non-obese Japanese men. We recruited 8 non-obese Japanese men with mildly elevated FPG and drinking habits alcohol (mean frequency; 5.6 ± 2.5 times/week, mean alcohol consumption; 32.1 ± 20.0 g/day). Before and after the 1-week alcohol abstinence, we used the 2-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure endogenous glucose production (EGP) and insulin sensitivity (IS) in muscle and liver. One-week alcohol abstinence significantly reduced both FPG by 7% (from 105.5 ± 11.7 to 98.2 ± 7.8 mg/dl, P < 0.01) and fasting EGP by 6% (from 84.1 ± 4.2 to 77.6 ± 1.6 mg/m2 per min, P < 0.01), respectively. Two–step clamp study showed that alcohol abstinence significantly improved hepatic-IS, but not muscle-IS. In conclusion, one week alcohol abstinence improved hepatic IS and FPG in non-obese Japanese men with mildly elevated FPG and drinking habits alcohol.

Prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes among workers: Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study

AimsFew studies have examined the prevalence of diabetes using glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), a newly recommended diagnostic test. We examined the prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes using both HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and their associations with risk factors for type 2 diabetes in a large-scale Japanese working population. MethodsParticipants were 47,172 men and 8280 women aged 20–69 years who received periodic health checkup in nine companies which participated in the Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health study. Participants were categorized into diabetes (HbA1c≥6.5% (≥48mmol/mol), FPG≥126mg/dl (≥7.0mmol/L), or medication for diabetes), pre-diabetes (HbA1c 6.0–6.4% (42–46mmol/mol) or FPG 110–125mg/dl (6.1–6.9mmol/L) among those without diabetes), and normal glucose regulation. ResultsThe prevalence of diabetes was 8.0% and 3.3% in men and women, respectively. Of individuals with diabetes, approximately 80% were defined by HbA1c≥6.5% (≥48mmol/mol) criterion. The prevalence of pre-diabetes was 14.1% in men and 9.2% in women. Prevalence of these glucose abnormalities increased with advancing age, especially during mid-40s and 50s. Higher body mass index and waist circumference, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and current smoking were each associated with higher prevalence of diabetes in both men and women. ConclusionsUsing HbA1c and FPG criteria or current medication, one in 13 men and one in 30 women had diabetes in the present Japanese working population. Interventions targeted for those in an early stage of impaired glucose metabolism would be required to prevent diabetes.

Trunk Flexibility and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes In Japanese

Trunk Flexibility and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes In Japanese

Body Composition Is the Main Determinant for the Difference in Type 2 Diabetes Pathophysiology Between Japanese and Caucasians

OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional clinical study compared the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes in Japanese and Caucasians and investigated the role of demographic, genetic, and lifestyle-related risk factors for insulin resistance and β-cell response. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 120 Japanese and 150 Caucasians were enrolled to obtain comparable distributions of high/low BMI values across glucose tolerance states (normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance, and type 2 diabetes), which were assessed by oral glucose tolerance tests. BMI in the two cohorts was distributed around the two regional cutoff values for obesity. RESULTS Insulin sensitivity was higher in Japanese compared with Caucasians, as indicated by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and Matsuda indices, whereas β-cell response was higher in Caucasians, as measured by homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function, the insulinogenic indices, and insulin secretion ratios. Disposition indices were similar for Japanese and Caucasians at all glucose tolerance states, indicating similar β-cell response relative to the degree of insulin resistance. The main determinants for differences in metabolic indices were measures of body composition, such as BMI and distribution of adipose tissue. Differences in β-cell response between Japanese and Caucasians were not statistically significant following adjustment by differences in BMI. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed similar disposition indices in Japanese and Caucasians and that the major part of the differences in insulin sensitivity and β-cell response between Japanese and Caucasians can be explained by differences in body composition.

Association of genetic variants of the incretin-related genes with quantitative traits and occurrence of type 2 diabetes in Japanese

BackgroundNone of the high frequency variants of the incretin-related genes has been found by genome-wide association study (GWAS) for association with occurrence of type 2 diabetes in Japanese. However, low frequency and rare and/or high frequency variants affecting glucose metabolic traits remain to be investigated. MethodWe screened all exons of the incretin-related genes (GCG, GLP1R, DPP4, PCSK1, GIP, and GIPR) in 96 patients with type 2 diabetes and investigated for association of genetic variants of these genes with quantitative metabolic traits upon test meal with 38 young healthy volunteers and with the occurrence of type 2 diabetes in Japanese subjects comprising 1303 patients with type 2 diabetes and 1014 controls. ResultTwo mutations of GIPR, p.Thr3Alafsx21 and Arg183Gln, were found only in patients with type 2 diabetes, and both of them were treated with insulin. Of ten tagSNPs, we found that risk allele C of SNP393 (rs6235) of PCSK1 was nominally associated with higher fasting insulin and HOMA-R (P=0.034 and P=0.030), but not with proinsulin level, incretin level or BMI. The variant showed significant association with occurrence of type 2 diabetes after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI (P=0.0043). ConclusionRare variants of GIPR may contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes, possibly through insulin secretory defects. Furthermore, the genetic variant of PCSK1 might influence glucose homeostasis by altered insulin resistance independently of BMI, incretin level or proinsulin conversion, and may be associated with the occurrence of type 2 diabetes in Japanese.

Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level is a significant risk factor for development of type2 diabetes: Data from the Hawaii-Los Angeles-Hiroshima study.

A low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) is a common feature of metabolic syndrome. We have reported that Japanese-Americans who share a virtually identical genetic makeup with native Japanese, but who have lived Westernized lifestyles for decades, have lower HDLC levels and a high prevalence of type2 diabetes compared with native Japanese. However, the impact of low HDLC level on type2 diabetes is unclear. The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether serum HDLC level was associated with development of type2 diabetes and if the effect might be modified by lifestyle. We examined 1,133 non-diabetic Japanese-Americans and 1,072 non-diabetic Japanese, who underwent the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and were followed for an average of 8.8 and 7.0years, respectively. We analyzed whether serum HDLC level is a risk factor for development of type2 diabetes based on the Cox proportional hazards model. After adjustment for age and sex, hazard ratios for development of type2 diabetes per unit of serum HDLC level (mmol/L) were 0.292 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.186-0.458, P<0.0001) among Japanese-Americans and 0.551 (95% CI 0.375-0.88, P=0.0023) among native Japanese. Comparable hazard ratios after further adjustment for category of OGTT and body mass index were 0.981 (95% CI 0.970-0.993, P=0.0018) and 0.991 (95% CI 0.980-1.002, P=0.112), respectively. HDLC level was associated with development of type2 diabetes in both Japanese-Americans and native Japanese. However, these results suggest that the impact of high-density lipoprotein on glucose metabolism might be affected by lifestyle.

Replication Study for the Association of 9 East Asian GWAS-Derived Loci with Susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes in a Japanese Population

AimsEast Asian genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for type 2 diabetes identified 8 loci with genome-wide significance, and 2 loci with a borderline association. However, the associations of these loci except MAEA locus with type 2 diabetes have not been evaluated in independent East Asian cohorts. We performed a replication study to investigate the association of these susceptibility loci with type 2 diabetes in an independent Japanese population.MethodsWe genotyped 7,379 Japanese participants (5,315 type 2 diabetes and 2,064 controls) for each of the 9 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs7041847 in GLIS3, rs6017317 in FITM2−R3HDML−HNF4A, rs6467136 near GCCI−PAX4, rs831571 near PSMD6, rs9470794 in ZFAND3, rs3786897 in PEPD, rs1535500 in KCNK16, rs16955379 in CMIP, and rs17797882 near WWOX. Because the sample size in this study was not sufficient to replicate single SNP associations, we constructed a genetic risk score (GRS) by summing a number of risk alleles of the 9 SNPs, and examined the association of the GRS with type 2 diabetes using logistic regression analysis.ResultsWith the exception of rs1535500 in KCNK16, all SNPs had the same direction of effect (odds ratio [OR]>1.0) as in the original reports. The GRS constructed from the 9 SNPs was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes in the Japanese population (p = 4.0 × 10-4, OR = 1.05, 95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.09). In quantitative trait analyses, rs16955379 in CMIP was nominally associated with a decreased homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function and with increased fasting plasma glucose, but neither the individual SNPs nor the GRS showed a significant association with the glycemic traits.ConclusionsThese results indicate that 9 loci that were identified in the East Asian GWAS meta-analysis have a significant effect on the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in the Japanese population.

Magnesium intake decreases Type 2 diabetes risk through the improvement of insulin resistance and inflammation: the Hisayama Study

Early studies have shown that magnesium intake decreases the risk of Type 2 diabetes, but the results are still inconsistent. We prospectively examined the association between magnesium intake and incidence of Type 2 diabetes in a general Japanese population. A total of 1999 subjects without diabetes aged 40-79 years who underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test were followed up prospectively for a mean of 15.6 years. During the follow-up, 417 subjects developed Type 2 diabetes. The age- and sex-adjusted incidence of Type 2 diabetes significantly decreased with increasing magnesium intake quartile levels (≤ 148.5, 148.6-171.5, 171.6-195.5 and ≥ 195.6 mg/day, P for trend = 0.01). In multivariate analyses, after adjusting for comprehensive risk factors and other dietary factors, the hazard ratio of Type 2 diabetes was 0.67 (95% CI 0.49-0.92; P = 0.01) in the third quartile and 0.63 (95% CI 0.44-0.90; P = 0.01) in the highest quartile compared with the first quartile. In addition, the risk of Type 2 diabetes was 14% lower (P = 0.04) for a 1-sd increment of log-transformed magnesium intake in the multivariate-adjusted model. In stratified analysis, there were statistically significant interactions between magnesium intake and levels of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein or alcohol intake on the risk of Type 2 diabetes (all P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that increased magnesium intake was a significant protective factor for the incidence of Type 2 diabetes in the general Japanese population, especially among subjects with insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation and a drinking habit.

Analysis of HLA-DR protein and peptide interaction in association to type 1 diabetes in Japanese. (P5071)

Abstract Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder that mediates destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic cells. Previous genetic association studies reported HLA II to be the major factor for increased susceptibility to T1D. Yet, knowledge remained limited on disease mechanism in Japanese. The purpose of current study is to elucidate immunological mechanism of risk and protective alleles and to determine the peptide binding repertoire of T1D susceptible DR alleles in the Japanese for Zinc Transporter 8 (ZnT8), one of the established auto-antigenic peptides. We expressed DR9 (DRA*01:01-DRB1*09:01), DR4(DRA*01:01-DRB1*04:05), DR8 (DRA*01:01-DRB1*08:02) contributing to susceptibility to T1D in the Japanese and DR15 (DRA1*01:01-DRB1*15:01) that are associated with protection in mammalian cells. A plate based peptide binding assay system was established using nickel coated microtiter plates to measure the binding of synthetic peptides to recombinant DR proteins. Established DR9 binding motif was searched in ZnT8 sequences. Binding characteristics of risk and protective DR allele products including DR9 are examined in utilization of a 20mer ZnT8 peptide library.

Reducing the Risk of Developing Diabetes

Reducing the Risk of Developing Diabetes