Dharwad District Research Articles

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Response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties to irrigation and hydrogel application in Vertisols

A field experiment was conducted at Irrigation Water Management Research Centre (IWMRC) Belavatgi, Navalgund taluk of Dharwad district under Vertisols during rabi 2013-15 to study the effect of irrigation and hydrogel application on chickpea varieties in Malaprabha Command area. Irrigation effects were non significant, however irrigation scheduled at 0.4 IW/CPE + 2.5 kg ha-1 hydrogel recorded higher grain yield (2136 kg ha-1) as compared to irrigation scheduled at 0.6 IW/CPE (2087 kg ha-1) and 0.4 IW/CPE (2025 kg ha-1). It also recorded significantly higher WUE (13.34 kg/ha mm) over 0.6 IW/CPE (8.15 kg/ha mm). Among the varieties ‘JG-11’ recorded significantly higher grain yields (2309 kg ha-1) over other varieties, however they did not affect the WUE. Interaction effect of irrigation levels and varieties was significant for grain yield and WUE. ‘A-1’, ‘JG-11’ and ‘JAKI-9218’ varieties with 2.5 kg ha-1 hydrogel recorded significantly higher WUE and were on par. ‘JG-11’ variety with 0.6 IW/CPE recorded higher gross returns (Rs. 92660/ha), net returns (Rs. 69800/ha) and B:C ratio (3.05).

Response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties to irrigation and hydrogel application in Vertisols

A field experiment was conducted at Irrigation Water Management Research Centre (IWMRC) Belavatgi, Navalgund taluk of Dharwad district under Vertisols during rabi 2013-15 to study the effect of irrigation and hydrogel application on chickpea varieties in Malaprabha Command area. Irrigation effects were non significant, however irrigation scheduled at 0.4 IW/CPE + 2.5 kg ha-1 hydrogel recorded higher grain yield (2136 kg ha-1) as compared to irrigation scheduled at 0.6 IW/CPE (2087 kg ha-1) and 0.4 IW/CPE (2025 kg ha-1). It also recorded significantly higher WUE (13.34 kg/ha mm) over 0.6 IW/CPE (8.15 kg/ha mm). Among the varieties ‘JG-11’ recorded significantly higher grain yields (2309 kg ha-1) over other varieties, however they did not affect the WUE. Interaction effect of irrigation levels and varieties was significant for grain yield and WUE. ‘A-1’, ‘JG-11’ and ‘JAKI-9218’ varieties with 2.5 kg ha-1 hydrogel recorded significantly higher WUE and were on par. ‘JG-11’ variety with 0.6 IW/CPE recorded higher gross returns (Rs. 92660/ha), net returns (Rs. 69800/ha) and B:C ratio (3.05).

Opinion, satisfaction level and suggestions regarding improved biomass stoves in rural households of Dharwad and Vijayapur Districts, Karnataka

A study in rural households of one village each of Dharwad and Vijayapur districts, Karnataka was conducted during the year 2016–17 to analyze the socio-economic status of the rural women and to know their opinion about usage and suggestions regarding improved biomass stove. The sample of the study comprised 120 rural women. The personaal interview method was used for collecting the data. The findings revealed that in both the villages majority of the rural women belonged to middle age group. Majority of the women were illiterate, agricultural labourers with medium income. Majority of the women belonged to small farmer category. Majority of them opined that improved biomass stove reduced time consumption and fuel consumption, lead to less smoke in the kitchen, more cleanliness and no fire coming out of the stove. It also enabled faster cooking. Based on the usage pattern and characteristics of stove majority of the women suggested that there should be subsidy on the stove, wider space to feed fuelwood in the stove and it should be brought within the reach of all the families.

Infant temperament and its influence on infant's socio-emotional development

Socio-emotional development of infants from Dharwad district was studied on a sample of 160 infants drawn equally from four age cohorts viz 0–6, 6–12, 12–18 and 18–24 months. The results revealed that majority of the urban and rural infants (72.50 and 75.00% respectively) were slow to warm up. Urban infants had significantly higher scores in temperament than rural infants. Majority of the infants from both urban (37.50%) and rural (50.00%) had average socio-emotional development. There was significant association between locality and infant socio-emotional development as urban infants were significantly better than the rural infants. Urban infants scored signifianctly higher (114.44) than rural infants (103.73). There was significant association between infant temperament and their socio-emotional development. Infants with difficult temperament were significantly lower in socio-emotional development than slow to warm up and easy infants. As the majority of the infants were slow to warm up/difficult there is a need for parents’ education programme on handling infant temperament in order to ensure infants’ optimum socio-emotional development.

Performance of soyabean in major producing districts of Karnataka

Agriculture is still one of the most important sectors of the economy of Karnataka state particularly rural economy not withstanding its diminishing share in the state domestic product. The contribution of agricultural sector to the state gross domestic product (SGDP) was 11.68 per cent in 2016–17. However the SGDP has been declining as compared to other sectors. The various policies and programmes are being planned and implemented by government from time to time to improve the productivity. The present study was conducted to analyze the performance of soyabean with special reference to major producing districts of Karnataka. It was based on the secondary data from 2000–01 to 2016–17. Simple statistical tools like tabular analysis and compound annual growth rate were used for the study. It was found that the total cropped area including area sown more than once increased and it was 117.48, 122.67 and 122.47 in the year 2012–13, 2013–14 and 2014–15 respectively. Belgaum, Bidar and Dharwad districts of Karnataka showed positive growth rate in area, production and yield of soyabean during the period 2000–01 to 2014–15.

A Study on Knowledge and Opinion of the Farmers Regarding Kisan Credit Card Scheme in Dharwad District of Karnataka

A Study on Knowledge and Opinion of the Farmers Regarding Kisan Credit Card Scheme in Dharwad District of Karnataka

Perceived attributes of home science technologies

Women in rural areas suffer from many grave disadvantages and are subjected to great deal of hardship and drudgery. The jobs done by them are often physically arduous, time consuming and repetitive, resulting in fatigue and drudgery. So women need new technologies and practices to improve upon the old ones. Technology transfer and adoption process work simultaneously. The rate of adoption depends on the evaluation of innovation in terms of its perceived characteristics such as relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability and observability. To study the perceived attributes of homestead technologies the present study was carried out during 2016-17 in the villages of Dharwad district of Karnataka state. The total sample size was 80 rural women. The study found that most of the respondents (62.50%) perceived balanced diet as advantageous, compatible (68.75%), easy to understand and use (70.00%) and small scale trialability (96.25%). Whereas 82.50 per cent of the respondents felt that the results of the technology are not observable. Similarly stain removal techniques and care and storage practices for clothes were perceived as favourable technologies.

Women empowerment by entrepreneurship development programmes

A study on impact of Entrepreneurship Development Programmes on women of Dharwad district was undertaken during 2013-2014. Two taluks, Dharwad and Hubli of the Dharwad district were selected in the study. Women beneficiaries who had undergone Entrepreneurship Development Programmes between 2010-2013 were selected from the records of the respective training institutes i.e. KVK and RUDSETI. Fourty each women beneficiaries from agriculture and non agriculture based training programmes from both the institutions were selected for the data collection. The total sample for the study was 160 women beneficiaries. Agriculture based training programmes for women conducted by KVK during 2010-13 in which 536 women had undergone the training programmes. A total number of women participated were 342 in non-agriculture based training programmes. Agriculture based training programmes conducted for women by RUDSETI during 2010-13 in which total of 489 women had undergone training and non-agriculture based training programmes conducted for women total of 466 women had undergone training. From the findings it was encouraging to see that psychological empowerment has high significance difference after undergoing training and this was followed by social, economic and political empowerment. Women who had undergone training in KVK and RUDSETI had increase in their income after establishing the enterprise. Majority of the women from KVK (88.88%) had faced personal constraints like low education level. Women from RUDSETI cent per cent had faced responsibility of performing legitimate household activities. It was observed that women trained in KVK had established Dairy enterprise , preparation of food products and domestic products. Similarly women trained in RUDSETI had established dairy enterprise and tailoring.

An analysis of marketing pattern followed by the soybean growers of north Karnataka

The present investigation was undertaken to find out the marketing pattern followed by the soybean growers. The study covered 15 villages from 3 taluks of Dharwad district to form a sample of 150 respondents. A pre-tested structured interview schedule was used to collect the data from the respondents by personal interview method. The results indicated that, 56.00 per cent of the respondents sell their produce immediately after the harvest if the prices are favourable, followed by 54.66 per cent of the farmers collect the price information from their relatives, friends and neighbours who visit the market, 47.33 per cent farmers sold their produce in local market at village level, 44.00 per cent of the respondents store their produce for short time to get better price if the prices are less at the time of harvest, whereas only 22.66 per cent of the respondents had followed grading of the produce.

Production and marketing management of organic and inorganic dry chilli in Dharwad district

Production and marketing management of organic and inorganic dry chilli in Dharwad district

Socio-economic characteristics of soybean growers

The study was an “expost-facto” research carried out in Dharwad district of Karnataka State during the year 2013- 14. The study covered 15 villages from 3 taluks of Dharwad district to form a sample of 150 respondents. A pre-tested structured interview schedule was used to collect the data from the respondents by personal interview method. It was observed from the study that 54.00 per cent of the soybean farmers were middle aged, followed by 26.66 per cent of the farmers studied up to high school level, 50.66 per cent of the farmers belong to semi-medium land holding category and 45.33 per cent of the soybean growers had medium level of extension contact. Further it also observed that 63 per cent of the farmers belonged to medium mass media participation category followed by 54.66 per cent of the respondents belonged to the category of medium innovativeness, 45.33 per cent of the respondents had medium level of scientific orientation and 37.33 per cent of the farmers belong to semi-medium soybean crop land holding category.

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Constraints and suggestions ofSRI method of paddy growers in Dharwad district, Karnataka, India

Constraints and suggestions ofSRI method of paddy growers in Dharwad district, Karnataka, India

Low cost potato warehouse facility for Karnataka: A success story

Karnataka is one of the important potato growing states in peninsular India. Potato is mainly cultivated in Hassan, Belgaum, Chikkaballapur, Chickmagalur, Kolar, Bangalore Rural and Dharwad districts. It is grown as rain-fed kharif crop in Hassan, Belgaum, Chickmagalur and Dharwad districts and as rabi crop in Chickmagalur, Chikkaballapur, Kolar and Bangalore Rural districts under protective irrigation. Due to non-availability of quality planting material to Karnataka farmers, potato productivity is limited. Seed imported from North India (Punjab) is very expensive and incur about 50% of total production cost and small and marginal farmers cannot afford to procure quality seed every year as no certified seed is being produced locally. International Potato Center (CIP) has recommended an innovative low cost ware house facility as a model during 2014 and 2016 to retain farmers’ seed for subsequent planting seasons saving their seed input cost by 40%.

Socio-cultural determinants of breast feeding practices in Dharwad district of Karnataka

WHO recommends mothers worldwide to exclusively breastfeed infants for the child's first six months to achieve optimal growth, development and health. The infant mortality rate in India is 40/1000 live births and 31/1000 live births in Karnataka according to NFHS-4 report released in 2013. In India, breastfeeding is culturally well accepted but inadequately practiced, partly due to ignorance. Lack of knowledge, prevailing misconceptions and cultural taboos significantly contribute to undesirable breastfeeding practices such as delayed initiation and discarding of colostrum. In this context the present study was conducted to study the knowledge, attitude and breast feeding practices among the lactating mothers in Dharwad district of Northern Karnataka. A cross-sectional study was conducted in rural and urban areas of Dharwad district, Karnataka. The population of the study consisted of mother -infant dyads, where the infants were in the age group of 3 months to 24 months and their mothers from rural as well as urban area of the district. The sample comprised of 300 women of whom 200 were from rural area and 100 from urban area in the age range of 17-45 years. The tools used for the study were Socio - economic status scale developed by Aggarwal et al. (2005) and a self structured questionnaire to document the mother and child health characters, demographic profile, feeding practices, patterns and knowledge of mothers towards breast feeding. Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (1999) was used to assess maternal attitude towards infant feeding and information regarding feeding choice. The results indicated that 56.33 per cent breastfed the baby within 1hr and 26 per cent fed after 3 days. Majority of the mothers fed colostrum (71.67%) and 28.33 per cent discarded the colostrum. 51.33 per cent mothers gave prelacteal feeds. 48.7 per cent mothers practiced exclusive breast feeding. Majority of mothers both in urban and rural area had medium level knowledge and attitude towards breast feeding. Breast feeding knowledge had significant association with feeding practices while SES had no impact.

Association of cropping system over the period in Dharwad district of Karnataka

Global warming is projected to have significant impacts on conditions affecting agriculture, including temperature, carbon dioxide, glacial run-off, precipitation and the interaction of these elements. Assessment of the effects of global climate changes on agriculture might help to properly anticipate and adapt suitable farming practices to maximize agricultural production. Hence, present study were conducted with the objective to know association of cropping system over the period in Dharwad district of Karnataka. Data used for the study were collected from Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Karnataka, Bangalore for the crops like chilli, maize, groundnut, sorghum, cotton and soybean. Only two parameters considered namely area and price and the method used is co-efficient of concordance/Kendall w-co-efficient. Both area and price study revealed the association in cropping system over the years.

Knowledge and adoption of SRI method paddy growers

The present study was undertaken in Dharwad and Kalaghatgi talukas of Dharwad district of Karnataka state having large area under cultivation of paddy, from selected talukas the list of villages was prepared and five villages from each taluka were selected on the basis of highest area under paddy crop. From selected villages, the list of farmers was prepared village wise and 15 farmers from each villages were selected by random sampling technique. Total 150 respondents were selected for the study. The data were collected by personal interview. Based on the finding of the study majority of the respondents were having medium level of knowledge, followed by high level and low level of knowledge. While in case of adoption, that majority of the respondents had medium level of adoption, followed by high and low level of adoption. Among various personal, socio-economic profile characteristics of the respondents, education, land holding, area under SRI method, family income, social participation, mass participation, had highly significant relationship with at 5 per cent level of adoption whereas experience in SRI method, innovative proneness, risk orientation, extension contact, participation in training, cosmopoliteness, farmers field school, had highly and positively significant relationship with at 1 per cent level of adoption whereas only age had non-significant relationship with the knowledge and adoption of SRI method paddy growers.

ANALYSES OF STANDARD PRECIPTATION INDEX FOR DROUGHTINTENSITY DROUGTH - SEVERITY ASSESMENT OF DHARWAD DISTRICT, KARNATAKA

The Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) is employed to predict, track the upcoming, recurring drought intensity and magnitude. The standard precipitation index has several characteristics that are an improvement over previous indices, including its simplicity and temporal flexibility, that allow its application for water resources an all times cables. In this work regarding analysis of drought severity of Dharwad District, Karnataka by taking 30years of rainfall data .By use of standard precipitation index finding the future drought prone area in and most rainfall receiving are in that district. As Dharwad contains very few rivers and water bodies the water source is majorly dependent on rainfall, hence this study places an important role in predicting and getting of upcoming drought in Dharwad district.