Dharma Research Articles

Book review: Wendy Doniger, Beyond Dharma, Dissent in the Ancient Indian Sciences of Sex and Politics

Wendy Doniger, Beyond Dharma, Dissent in the Ancient Indian Sciences of Sex and Politics. New Delhi: Speaking Tiger, 2018, 226 pp. + xiv., ₹599. ISBN 978-93-87693-21-0 (Paperback).

The Formation and Change of Dharma Meeting in Won-Buddhism

The Formation and Change of Dharma Meeting in Won-Buddhism

Pembelajaran Water Rescue sebagai Tanggap Awal Keselamatan Menghadapi Banjir bagi Karang Taruna Kecamatan Benjeng, Kabupaten Gresik

WATER RESCUE LEARNING AS AN INITIAL RESPONSE TO SAFETY AGAINST FLOODS FOR YOUTH ORGANIZATION IN BENJENG DISTRICT, GRESIK REGENCY. Disasters are events that are not expected by many people, need special anticipations in overcoming this. Not only is the SAR team needed as a response team from the start but the community participation is also needed to take part in it. Benjeng District, which is a subscribed area for floods, naturally initiates knowledge and skills regarding disaster response. Based on this, the Physical Education Lecturer team of the University of PGRI Adibuana Surabaya carried out the activity as a lecturer task in the field of Higher Education Tri Dharma, namely Community Service. The purpose of this activity is to increase knowledge and ways to save water by members of the Youth Organization. There were 36 participants in the workshop. The results that can be obtained from the workshop are 1). The high level of enthusiasm of the participants gave a positive impact so that the achievements designed by the team were successfully completed well; 2). The implementation of the workshop activities resulted in a pioneer team of emergency response that would be destroyed at the village level so that it became the vanguard of the rescue team in the event of a flood.

Dharma as God in the <i>Mahābhārata</i>: The Trials of Yudhiṣṭhira

Dharma as God in the <i>Mahābhārata</i>: The Trials of Yudhiṣṭhira

Bhakti, dharma e vairāgya nell’agiografia di Pīpā

Pīpā was the rājā of Gagraun in Rājashān in XV century. According to his hagiography, he went to Banāras, following a divine inspiration, and became disciple of Rāmānanda. He left his kingdom together with his youngest wife, the beautiful Sītā, for living the poor and ascetic life of a sādhu . His sādhanā consisted mainly in humble service of bhakta -s, sādhu -s and poor. Although the figure of Pīpā does not have a great relevance in the history of Indian religions, nor in Hindī literature as a sant -poet, his very adventurous life inspired the hagiographers, so that his legend is one of the more extended and widespread of North Indian hagiography. This article focuses mainly on Bhaktamāl and its two main commentaries. The critical analysis of Pīpā and Sītā’s hagiography reveals how in “ bhakti religion” the concepts of dharma and vairāgya were reformulated and entirely subordinated to bhakti . Moreover, the doctrine of the identity of bhakta and Bhagavān is a fundamental key for understanding how, in bhakti movements and, consequently, in hagiography, bhakta-sevā becomes the meeting point of bhakti , dharma and vairāgya , as in the story of Pīpā and Sītā Sahcarī.

Preserving hip treatment of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head

Objective To investigate the early diagnosis and treatment options for steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH). Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted in 73 patients with unilateral SONFH from January 2010 to June 2017. There were 27 males and 46 females, aged 34.26±10.35 years (range, 20-45 years). The following type of cases were included, 21 cases of ARCO I, 24 cases of IIa, 8 cases of IIb, 18 cases of IIc and 2 cases of IIIa. Patients with ARCO I were limited in weight and were treated with low molecular weight heparin sodium and ginkgo dharma drugs after excluding bleeding risk. Core decompression was performed in patients with ARCO IIa and IIb vascularized greater trochanter bone transfer was conducted in patients with IIc and IIIa. During the follow-up duration, when the ARCO I progressed to ARCO IIa and IIb, the core decompression was performed. When the ARCO IIa and IIb progressed to the ARCO IIc or IIIa, the vascularized greater trochanter bone transfer was conducted. Vascularized greater trochanter bone combined with the tantalum rod was implanted in ARCO IIIb. The femoral head reconstruction with the larger trochanter bone flap or joint replacement was performed in ARCO IIIc and above. The Harris hip score was used to evaluate the clinical outcomes. The femoral head survival curve of SONFH was drawn with the end of joint replacement. Results All 73 patients were followed up for an average of 29 months (range, 18 to 48 months). After treatment of 21 patients with ARCO I, a total of 14 (67%) patients had no ARCO staging progress. After 6 months, three patients progressed to ARCO IIb and 4 patients progressed to ARCO IIc. All 32 patients with ARCO IIa and IIb were treated, of which 25 (78%) did not progress but 4 patients progressed to ARCO IIIa at 6 months. Only one patient progressed to ARCO IIIb at 6 months, and 2 patient progressed to ARCO IIIc at 12 months. There were 18 patients with ARCO IIc underwent treatment, of which 14 patients (78%) did not progress but 2 patients progressed to ARCO IIIa at 6 months and 2 patients progressed to ARCO IIIc at 24 months and to ARCO IV at 42 months, respectively. Two patients of ARCO IIIa, 1 patient did not progress and the other one progressed to ARCO IV at 36 months. The Harris hip score was 90.48±5.36 before treatment and 91.76±8.19 at the last follow-up. The difference was not statistically significant (t=1.231, P=0.402). The Harris hip score of patients with ARCO IIa and IIb in creased from 75.22±8.30 to 84.47±16.77 with statistically significant difference (t=5.624, P<0.001). The Harris hip score of patients with ARCO IIc and IIIa increased from 59.80±9.24 to 77.75±20.75 with statistically significant difference (t=12.033, P<0.001). Four patients eventually underwent arthroplasty. The femoral head survival rate was 98.6% at 2 years and 94.5% at 4 years. Conclusion The SONFH can be diagnosed early by screening, and is treated by different reserving hip methods according to severe stages. The short-term clinical effects are satisfied. Key words: Glucocorticoids; Femur head necrosis; Free tissue flaps; Decompression, surgical

&lt;i&gt;A Dharma Reader: Classical Indian Law&lt;/i&gt;, translated and edited by Patrick Olivelle

A Dharma Reader: Classical Indian Law, translated and edited by Patrick Olivelle. New York: Columbia University Press, 2017. xii + 410 pp., $80.00. ISBN 978-0-23117-956-0.

Il re nella "Kādambarī". Regalità, Fato e Fortuna nella "Kādambarī" di Bāṇa

After some observations about the importance attributed to the king in the most authoritative texts of Brahmanic tradition, this essay illustrates the role of the sovereign in Kādambarī , the famous novel by Bā ṇ a. The king embodies the force that permeates and sustains the whole world. He is the first principle of the universe and thus the axis mundi. Extremely problematic is the relationship betweenindividual value and “fate” (karman), to which the very sovereign is subject, although he himself is defined as the “source of fortune”. The king’s value depends on his firm dedication to Dharma and on his ability to lead all creatures to consciousness of their own sacredness. The protagonists of this novel are linked by religious merit, the only element that can change fate.

Shōkū’s Thinking about the Degenerate Dharma: Focusing on the difference between the &lt;i&gt;Jihitsushō&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Tahitsushō&lt;/i&gt;

Shōkū’s Thinking about the Degenerate Dharma: Focusing on the difference between the &lt;i&gt;Jihitsushō&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Tahitsushō&lt;/i&gt;

Book review: Wendy Doniger, Beyond Dharma: Dissent in the Ancient Indian Sciences of Sex and Politics

Wendy Doniger, Beyond Dharma: Dissent in the Ancient Indian Sciences of Sex and Politics (New Delhi: Speaking Tiger Publishing Pvt. Ltd), 2018, XIV + 226 pp., ₹599 (Hb).

Reflection of Aśoka: His Idea of Dhamma in Pillar Edict Seven

Reflection of Aśoka: His Idea of Dhamma in Pillar Edict Seven

Place as Refuge: Exploring the Poetical Legacy of Matsuo Bashō

By drawing on phenomenological notions, this paper offers a “middle way” reading of Bashō’s travelogues that accentuates their religious, rather than merely aesthetical purpose, which is to transmit the Buddha Dharma. Two distinctive poetic traditions of Bashō interpretation exist: the Zen-inflected, monologic, and individualist tradition and the intertextual or dialogical interpretation . One way to reconcile these two strains in Bashō’s poetics is to see his haikai through the lens of mind-to-mind transmission of light. This “middle way” interpretation traces a double movement of phenomenological reduction through two travelogues: first, by showing how home departure entails freeing the mind of fixity and, second, by suggesting that mind-to-mind transmission removes the ambition to find refuge in peak experiences, just as it resists being reduced to parodic subversion of reigning cultural values. In the Buddhist lineage, the heart of transmission rests neither upon conservation nor upon rejection of poetic essences but, rather, lies in transforming haikai into medicine, which is efficacious for the process of awakening.

Li Tongxuan’s View of the Dharma Realm as Seen in His Annotation of the Flower Garland Sutra

이통현(635~730) 은 화엄종 조사들과는 달리 ‘ 법계 ’ 라는 개념을 교학적으로 부연하거나 ‘ 법계연기 ’ 또는 ‘ 성기 ’ 와 같은 형이상학적 이론을 전개하지 않는다. 그에게 있어서 진리의 영역이자 중생이 마주하는 존재의 영역인 ‘ 법계 ’ 는 의지함이 없는 지혜에 의 하여 포착되는 대상 세계를 의미한다. 또한 그에 따르면, 화엄경의 마지막 품의...

The Dharma Linage of Jìngzhòng Order(淨衆宗) and its Chán Thought

본고에서는 무상의 정중종에 대한 법계와 그 선사상에 대하여 고찰하였다. 무상은 신라출신으로 입당구법하여 사천(四川)지역의 성도(成都)에서 선법을 펼쳐 ‘정중종’을 개창하였다. 무상의 법계는 관련된 지료로부터 명확하게 동산법문의 ‘홍인→지선계’를 계승하고 있음을 알 수 있으며, 이는 그 선사상을 통하여 확인할 수 있다.BR 무상은 자주 ‘수계의식(授戒儀式)’을 통하여 교화했으며, 종밀의 『원각경대소석의초(圓覺經大疏釋義鈔)』 등에는 이러한 의식에 대하여 비교적 상세히 설명하고 있다. 이러한 수계의식은 동산법문으로 비롯된 것이라는 추정이 가능하다. 동산법문의 수계의식과 관련된 기록이 전혀 없는 상황에서 이러한 무상의 수계의식과 관련된 기록들로부터 동산법문의 수계의식을 역으로 추정할 수 있는 가능성이 있다고 하겠다. 무상의 핵심적인 선법인 ‘무억(無憶)·무념(無念)·막망(莫妄)’의 삼구는 ‘계 · 정 · 혜’ 삼학에 대한 새로운 해석이라고 할 수 있으며, 이를 모두 ‘염불기(念不起)’와 ‘무념(無念)’으로 귀결시키는데, 이러한 연원은 바로 홍인의 선법에 있음을 고찰하였다.BR 종밀(宗密)은 무상의 정중종의 선사상을 북종(北宗) · 보당종(保唐宗)과 함께 ‘식망수심종(息妄修心宗)’으로 평가하고 있으며, 특히 보당종에 대해서는 ‘교행에 구애받지 않으면서 멸식함[敎行不拘而滅識]’으로 비판하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이러한 종밀의 평가는 자신의 ‘공적영지(空寂靈知)’를 중심으로 하는 ‘법성교학(法性敎學)’의 기준에서 나타난 것이라고 하겠다.

Dharma

Dharma

PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SIMPLE BASKETBALL PADA SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS LUAR BIASA TUNAGRAHITA DHARMA MULIA SEMARANG TAHUN 2015

The purpose of the study is to find out the product of learning model development of semple basketball for eleventh grade students in Mentally Disabled-Extraordinary Senior High School Dharma Mulia Semarang.Based on the study of the first try out, it was obtained 84% (good), from the expert’s evaluation it was obtained 87.5% (good). The result of the second try out was 87.43% (good). From the first and the second try out there is significantly increase 3.43%. Based on the product study, it can be concluded that the learning model development of simple basketball can be used as an alternative model in learning health, physical, and recreation education for eleventh grade students in Mentally Disabled-Extraordinary Senior High School Dharma Mulia Semarang. The suggestion for the health, physical, and recreation education teacher in Mentally Disabled-Extraordinary Senior High School Dharma Mulia Semarang is to make interactive learning model by using simple basketball game in learning basketball.

Review of Dharma: The Categorial Imperative, edited by Ashok Vohra, Arvind Sharma and Mrinal Miri

Review of Dharma: The Categorial Imperative, edited by Ashok Vohra, Arvind Sharma and Mrinal Miri

Dharma and ecology of Hindu communities: sustenance and sustainability. By Pankaj Jain. Farnham, Surrey, U.K.: Ashgate, 2011. 213 pages

Jain, P Dharma and Ecology of Hindu Communities: Sustenance and Sustainability. Ashgate Farnham, Surrey, U.K.; 2011.213 pages, ISBN 978-1-4094-0591-7

Factors Contributing to the Implementation of a Web-based Paragraph Writing Class

This study aims to see factors contributing to the implementation of a web-based Paragraph Writing class. The survey research design using open-ended questionnaire was implemented to find out the aspects, and based on the factors found from the questionnaire, an interview was developed to clarify how the factors really contributed to the students’ writing skills. The subjects were the English Letters Department students of Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta who were taking Paragraph Writing classes during the even semester academic year 2010/2011. The results show that there are twelve high factors and also one other factor contributing to the implementation of the web-based Paragraph Writing class. Keywords: paragraph writing, web-based learning

Gurcharan Das: The Difficulty of Being Good: On the Subtle Art of Dharma

Gurcharan Das: The Difficulty of Being Good: On the Subtle Art of Dharma