Dextran In Rats Research Articles

Rectal absorption of dextran in rats in the presence of salicylates.

Sodium or copper salicylate, administered rectally with clinical dextran, potentiated the anaphylactoid reaction produced in rats by intraperitoneal dextran. The rectal absorption of dextran in rats was facilitated by salicylate so that non-effective doses of dextran given intraperitoneally became effective in producing the anaphylactoid reaction, as measured by increases in hind paw volume.

Pharmacological studies on bamboo grass. IV. Toxicological and pharmacological effects of the extract (FIII) obtained from Sasa albomarginata Makino et Shibata (author's transl)

F I (precipitate), F II (sugar fraction, mol. wt.>10000) and F III (sugar fraction, mol. wt. 5000-10000) were obtained by further purification of a water-soluble fraction (crude Folin) extracted from Sasa albomarginata MAKINO et SHIBATA (Bambusaceae). Acute toxicity and pharmacological effects were examined mainly with F III in small animals. F III showed no apparent toxic effect in mice. It effected a significant decrease of rat dextran edema by topical administration. However, oral administration effected a decrease in the early and an increase in the later stage of rat dextran edema. Antagonistic effect was also observed against contraction induced by serotonin and nicotine in the isolated guinea-pig ileum. The therapeutic effect on rat stress ulcer was in the potency order of F III>F II>F I. F II and F III had no antibacterial effect. No remarkable effects were observed in surface anesthesia of guinea-pig carrageenin edema and urinary excretion of rats treated with F III. Furthermore, F II showed a slight antitumor effect against S180A in mice.

Glucans and dextrans in rats and man.

Intracutaneous injections of three glucan contaminants of invert sugar solutions and crude cane sugar into human skin produced localised wheals and erythema reactions. These glucans of molecular weight between 12,000 and 1,400,000 were also active on intradermal injection into both dextran-sensitive and dextran-resistant rats, and, like dextrans, were active on subcutaneous injection into dextran-sensitive animals.

STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS OF SUGARS AS ANTAGONISTS OF THE VASCULAR RESPONSE TO DEXTRAN IN RAT SKIN

British Journal of Pharmacology and ChemotherapyVolume 32, Issue 2 p. 219-226 Free Access STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS OF SUGARS AS ANTAGONISTS OF THE VASCULAR RESPONSE TO DEXTRAN IN RAT SKIN R. H. POYSER, R. H. POYSER Departments of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Brighton College of Technology, Moulsecoomb, Brighton, and the School of Pharmacy, University of London, Brunswick Square, London, W.C.1Search for more papers by this authorG. B. WEST, G. B. WEST Departments of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Brighton College of Technology, Moulsecoomb, Brighton, and the School of Pharmacy, University of London, Brunswick Square, London, W.C.1 British Industrial Biological Research Association, Woodmansterne Road, Carshalton, Surrey.Search for more papers by this author R. H. POYSER, R. H. POYSER Departments of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Brighton College of Technology, Moulsecoomb, Brighton, and the School of Pharmacy, University of London, Brunswick Square, London, W.C.1Search for more papers by this authorG. B. WEST, G. B. WEST Departments of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Brighton College of Technology, Moulsecoomb, Brighton, and the School of Pharmacy, University of London, Brunswick Square, London, W.C.1 British Industrial Biological Research Association, Woodmansterne Road, Carshalton, Surrey.Search for more papers by this author First published: February 1968 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1968.tb00966.xCitations: 7 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume32, Issue2February 1968Pages 219-226 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Peritoneal adhesions; prevention with povidone and dextran 75.

THE FECTIVENESS of intraperitoneal injection of povidone (Plasdone C) in prevention of reformation of peritoneal adhesions is presented in our preliminary report in 1964. 1 The excellent result in reduction of adhesions in two groups of rabbits from 75% to 88% in extent and 57% to 71% in density 1 was in favor of further investigation. It was suggested that procedure is practical and has two advantages: simplicity and transient presence of the introduced ascites. The prophylactic result in formation of adhesions which is presented by Choate et al 2 using dextran in rats, was initiative for investigation of the effect of dextran and comparison with povidone in prevention of reformation of peritoneal adhesions. There are few reports 1,3-5 in the literature in favor of our study. The results are indicative that further exploration of the subject is worthwhile and may contribute a solution for an unsolved problem in surgery.

Chloroquine in Dextran Oedema

EXPERIMENTS in our laboratory have shown that chloroquine blocks the actions of endogenous as well as exogenous histamine in guinea-pigs1. Chloroquine in these experiments was also found to block the action of exogenous 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT). Further experiments were undertaken to study the action of chloroquine on the endogenous 5HT, which has been shown by several workers to be released by dextran in rats and mainly accounts for the oedema2,3. The cholesterol content of the adrenal glands of these rats was also estimated to determine whether the adrenals were involved in the action of chloroquine on dextran oedema.

509 The action of dextran in rats

509 The action of dextran in rats

Toxicity of dextran in rats.

THE anaphylactoid reaction caused by dextran in rats has recently been studied by several investigators1–3. We have found that after intradermal injections of dextran dissolved in physiological saline (in rats), Menkin's intravenous dye test4 shows a seepage of dye into the wheals when the concentration of commercial dextran (Macrodex, Pharmacia Inc.) is at least 10 µgm/ml. Moreover, it has been found that dextran preparations with highly branched molecular chains are more toxic than those with relatively unbranched chains. Dextran fractions of an average molecular weight of 10,000 cause a positive dye test only in concentrations of about 10 mgm./ml. Sulphuric acid esters of dextran5 do not cause increased capillary permeability. We have confirmed the previously reported increase in hæmatocrit values after intravenous injection of dextran3, and found that it is more or less completely prevented by antihistaminics, local anæsthetics and pretreatment with cortisone in high doses. The most potent inhibitor, however, is alloxan intravenously in a subdiabetogenic dose. 2,3-Dimercaptopropanol injected 30 min. before dextran has an inhibitory effect only in some experimental series. The factors causing these variations in the ‘antiphlogistic’ effect of BAL are under study.