Device Therapy In Heart Failure Research Articles

Going With the Flow: Device Therapy for Heart Failure Complicated by Cardiorenal Syndrome

Going With the Flow: Device Therapy for Heart Failure Complicated by Cardiorenal Syndrome

Shaping the Future of Cardiac Wellness: Exploring Revolutionary Approaches in Disease Management and Prevention

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Effective prevention and management strategies are essential to reduce the burden of CVDs. This review summarizes recent advances in the prevention and management of CVDs. In terms of prevention, lifestyle modifications, such as diet, exercise, and smoking cessation, remain important strategies. Pharmacological interventions, including statins, antiplatelet agents, and antihypertensive medications, have also shown benefits. Innovative approaches, such as genetic testing and risk stratification, targeted prevention strategies, and the use of mobile health technology, are being explored. In terms of management, acute management strategies, such as reperfusion therapy for myocardial infarction, acute heart failure management, and stroke management, have improved outcomes. Chronic management strategies, including medical therapy for heart failure, arrhythmia management, and device therapy for heart failure, have also shown benefits. Innovative approaches, such as precision medicine and personalized treatment, the use of artificial intelligence in diagnosis and treatment, and advances in traditional Chinese and regenerative medicine, are being investigated. While recent advances in the prevention and management of CVDs are promising, challenges remain in implementing these strategies, including cost-effectiveness, access to care, and resistance to change in clinical practice. Continued research and innovation are essential to reduce the burden of CVDs and improve patient outcomes.

Cost-utility of cardiac contractility modulation in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in Italy.

Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) is a device therapy for heart failure, based on the delivery of high-voltage biphasic impulses to the right ventricular septum during the myocardial absolute refractory period. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of CCM therapy plus optimal medical therapy (OMT) vs. OMT alone in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. A Markov model with a lifespan time horizon was developed to assess the cost-utility using the FIX trials as main data sources. A deterministic sensitivity analysis and a probabilistic sensitivity analysis were run to analyse the decision uncertainty in the model through cost-effectiveness acceptability curve (CEAC) and cost-effectiveness acceptability frontier (CEAF). Value of information analysis was also conducted computing the expected value of perfect information (EVPI) and the expected value of partial perfect information. The base case results showed that the CCM plus OMT option was highly cost-effective compared with OMT alone with an incremental cost-utility ratio of €7034/quality-adjusted life year (QALY). The CEAC and CEAF illustrated that for all willingness to pay levels above €5600/QALY, tested up to €50000/QALY, CCM plus OMT alternative had the highest probability of being cost-effective. The EVPI per patient was estimated to be €124412 on a willingness to pay threshold of €30000/QALY. For patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, CCM therapy could be cost-effective when taking a lifetime horizon. Further long-term, post-approval clinical studies are needed to verify these results in a real-world context, particularly concerning the effect of CCM therapy on mortality.

Established and Emerging Device Therapy in Heart Failure: Cardiac Contractility Modulation.

Established and Emerging Device Therapy in Heart Failure: Cardiac Contractility Modulation.

Electrical therapies in heart failure: Evolving technologies and indications

Device therapy for heart failure has rapidly evolved over 2 decades. The knowledge of indications, assessment lead and device technology has expanded to include CRT, leadless pacing and conduction system pacing such as His bundle and left bundle branch area pacing. But there is still a lack of evidence for these new technologies as well as for common indications such as atrial fibrillation and upgrading from a previous device. The role of personalized medicine will become increasingly important when selecting candidates for CRT, primary preventive ICD ablation procedures and emerging new devices such as cardiac contractility modulation (CCM). Rapidity of therapy is associated with outcome which will be a challenge. If properly implemented devices and drugs will have a large positive affect of HF outcomes.

Promises and challenges of machine learning for device therapy in heart failure.

Promises and challenges of machine learning for device therapy in heart failure.

Device Therapy for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a heterogeneous syndrome with few options for effective pharmacologic therapies. Numerous device-based approaches to HFpEF therapy have emerged, which aim to treat the clinical and pathophysiologic features common to the varied causes of this syndrome. This review summarizes the current landscape of device therapy in HFpEF with a focus on structural interventions, such as left-to-right atrial shunts; cardiac contractility modulation; autonomic modulation, such as baroreflex activation therapy and splanchnic nerve modulation; and respiratory modulation, such as phrenic nerve stimulation.

Percutaneous Revascularization for Ischemic Left Ventricular Dysfunction

BackgroundWhether revascularization by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can improve event-free survival and left ventricular function in patients with severe ischemic left ventricular systolic dysfunction, as compared with optimal medical therapy (i.e., individually adjusted pharmacologic and device therapy for heart failure) alone, is unknown.MethodsWe randomly assigned patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction of 35% or less, extensive coronary artery disease amenable to PCI, and demonstrable myocardial viability to a strategy of either PCI plus optimal medical therapy (PCI group) or optimal medical therapy alone (optimal-medical-therapy group). The primary composite outcome was death from any cause or hospitalization for heart failure. Major secondary outcomes were left ventricular ejection fraction at 6 and 12 months and quality-of-life scores.ResultsA total of 700 patients underwent randomization — 347 were assigned to the PCI group and 353 to the optimal-medical-therapy group. Over a median of 41 months, a primary-outcome event occurred in 129 patients (37.2%) in the PCI group and in 134 patients (38.0%) in the optimal-medical-therapy group (hazard ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78 to 1.27; P=0.96). The left ventricular ejection fraction was similar in the two groups at 6 months (mean difference, −1.6 percentage points; 95% CI, −3.7 to 0.5) and at 12 months (mean difference, 0.9 percentage points; 95% CI, −1.7 to 3.4). Quality-of-life scores at 6 and 12 months appeared to favor the PCI group, but the difference had diminished at 24 months.ConclusionsAmong patients with severe ischemic left ventricular systolic dysfunction who received optimal medical therapy, revascularization by PCI did not result in a lower incidence of death from any cause or hospitalization for heart failure. (Funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Technology Assessment Program; REVIVED-BCIS2 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01920048.)

Application of recommended therapies among patients with heart failure during the Syrian conflict: reality and barriers.

Lower socio-economic status may delay and even prevent the application of guideline-directed heart failure (HF) therapy for most patients. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and possible difficulties facing the application of this treatment during the current Syrian conflict. A questionnaire on HF management and feasibility of recommended HF therapy was addressed to physicians practising cardiology in Syria. The questionnaire consisted of 30 questions and focused on the quality of HF management and awareness of recommended drug and device therapy for HF among physicians practising cardiology in Syria. A total of 228 physicians participated in the survey. Awareness of recommended medical and device therapy of HF was very high among participants (98% and 95%, respectively). The majority of participants (>75%) believe that more than half of HF patients do not receive optimal medical HF therapy. Ninety per cent of participants believe that <10% of patients with an appropriate indication for device therapy receive it. More than 75% of participants believe that the cost of medications, alone or in combination with other medical causes, represents the major problem facing the application of optimal HF medical therapy. More than 95% of participants reported that cost alone, or in combination with unavailability, is the primary reason why patients with appropriate indications are not offered device therapy. Despite the high level of awareness of recommended HF therapies among Syrian cardiologists, the majority of HF patients are still undertreated. Financial difficulties and lack of resources are the main causes of this problem.

The Enabling Potential of Device Therapy for Heart Failure

Patients with heart failure (HF) have poor prognoses despite substantial advances in therapeutic development. Comprehensive guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) is infrequently achieved in practice, especially at target doses. 1 Greene SJ Fonarow GC DeVore AD Sharma PP Vaduganathan M Albert NM et al. Titration of medical therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019; (21): 2365-2383 Google Scholar The effects of GDMT on hemodynamic, electrolyte and renal parameters limit clinicians’ eagerness to initiate and titrate these drugs. Indeed, the most common reason for the inability to achieve target GDMT is that a patient is on “maximally tolerated” therapy. 2 Fiuzat M Ezekowitz J Alemayehu W Westerhout CM Sbolli M Cani D et al. Assessment of limitations to optimization of guideline-directed medical therapy in heart failure from the GUIDE-IT Trial: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Cardiol. 2020; 5: 757-764 Google Scholar GDMT intolerance is associated with particularly unfavorable outcomes. 3 Morris AA Khazanie P Drazner MH Albert NM Breathett K Cooper LB et al. Guidance for timely and appropriate referral of patients with advanced heart failure: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021; 144: e238-e250 Google Scholar Whether this is related to fragile hemodynamic status, lack of exposure to beneficial therapies, or some combination of the 2 has not been fully elucidated. Some patients who have this clinical profile are eligible for advanced therapies, but the vast majority will not undergo cardiac replacement. 4 Truby LK Rogers JG. Advanced heart failure: epidemiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches. JACC Heart Fail. 2020; 8: 523-536 Google Scholar ,5 Birks EJ Drakos SG Patel SR Lowes BD Selzman CH Starling RC et al. Prospective multicenter study of myocardial recovery using left ventricular assist devices (RESTAGE-HF [Remission from Stage D Heart Failure]): medium-term and primary end point results. Circulation. 2020; 142: 2016-2028 Google Scholar Thus, there is an ongoing need for strategies that can facilitate GDMT tolerance. Drug therapies have long been used to facilitate tolerance of beneficial devices (eg, dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention) and other drugs (eg, potassium binders to facilitate renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor use), but most cardiac devices have not been intentionally applied to facilitate tolerance of beneficial drugs (Fig. 1), some notable exceptions being myocardial recovery in patients with durable mechanical circulatory support (MCS)5 and pacemaker implantation to facilitate beta-blocker tolerance for arrhythmia management.

Atrial fibrillation and heart failure: A contemporary review of current management approaches

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) frequently coexist and complicate the course of treatment of each other. AF with rapid ventricular conduction can lead to tachycardia-mediated cardiomyopathy, which is a reversible cause of cardiomyopathy. However, in most cases, AF is the manifestation of various underlying cardiomyopathies. Guideline-directed pharmacological and device therapy for HF is essential. The management options for AF and HF include pharmacological rhythm control, pharmacological rate control, and interventional approaches, which include catheter ablation for AF via pulmonary vein isolation and atrioventricular node ablation. This is a contemporary review to discuss the available evidence regarding the various management approaches in this specific patient group.

Abstract 12414: 3D Fusion of MRI Mechanical Activation, Cardioinsight Electrical Activation, and Fluoroscopic Lead Location for CRT

Introduction: 3D image integration can help achieve personalized medicine for patients undergoing device therapy for heart failure, such as cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Hypothesis: Electrical mapping data and mechanical activation from cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) integrated with live fluoroscopic data will provide complementary information to optimize CRT procedures. Methods: Ten patients underwent cardiac CT and electrical mapping with the CardioInsight 252-electrode vest (Medtronic) during CRT implantation using a 3D-capable fluoroscopy system (Artis zeego, Siemens) and a 3D image integration software prototype (Guide-CRT, Siemens). A myocardial mechanical activation map based on strain from CMR Displacement Encoding with Stimulated Echoes (DENSE) and an electrical activation map from CardioInsight were fused with fluoroscopic images using Guide-CRT. Results: In a representative patient with LBBB and QRS duration 140 ms, integrated 3D maps of electrical and mechanical activation with the fluoroscopic lead location are shown for right/left anterior oblique (RAO/LAO) and anterior-posterior (AP) views (Figure). While the area of late mechanical activation is centered at about 3 o’clock on the mitral annulus, a slightly more anterolateral and smaller focus of late electrical activation is noted on the CardioInsight maps (Figure). Furthermore, more basal activation data is possible with the electrical maps, as strain imaging typically starts below the mitral valve. While a middle LV electrode (LV2-4) was chosen for CRT pacing based on the CMR map, the more proximal and anterolateral LV electrode could have been chosen based on the electrical map. Conclusions: Multimodality mapping and 3D fusion of mechanical activation, electrical activation, and lead position provide important information regarding electromechanical coupling and the choice of the optimal pacing location.

State-of-the-Art Review of Current Therapies for HFpEF: An Overview of Interatrial Septal Device Therapy in Heart Failure.

Heart failure (HF) affects an increasing number of geriatric patients. The condition is classified according to whether the left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) is reduced or preserved. Many patients have heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and face a shortage of effective therapeutic strategies. However, an emerging mechanical strategy for treatment is gaining momentum. Interatrial septal connection devices, i.e. V-wave device and Interatrial septal device, are new devices for patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. We review the function of these systems and the data from the recent clinical trials.Interatrial septal connection device therapy provided favorable efficacy and safety profile applicable to a wide range of patients with HFpEF. However, the long-term effects of these devices on morbidity and mortality merits longitudinal studies and large multicenter randomized controlled trials.

Optimizer Smart System for the treatment of chronic heart failure: Overview of its safety and efficacy

ABSTRACT Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Despite the significant progress in the prevention and treatment of HF, mortality rates still remain high. Device therapy for HF includes cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and the use of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). Recently, a new device therapy for the treatment of HF became available, called cardiac contractility modulation (CCM). CCM is a new device therapy for patients with HF who do not qualify for CRT. It is implanted in a minimally invasive manner to improve the patient’s morbidity. Optimizer Smart System is a new device that delivers CCM therapy. Areas covered: We review the function of the Optimizer Smart System, the data from the recent clinical trials, and discuss its efficacy and future projections in the treatment for HF. Expert opinion: CCM therapy provided with the Optimizer® Smart System is safe, feasible, and applicable to a wide range of patients with HF. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the Optimizer Smart System’s use merits further large multicenter randomized controlled trials.

Cardiac Device Therapy in Heart Failure: Between Guidelines and Current Practice. Where Are We?

Kontext: V posledních několika desetiletích prodělala léčba srdečního selhání skok dopředu, zvláště v oblasti přístrojové léčby; výsledkem bylo snížení zátěže srdečním selháním a úmrtnosti na toto onemocnění. Nicméně u srdečního selhání se sníženou ejekční frakcí lze o zahájení přístrojové léčby uvažovat až po selhání maximální farmakoterapie podle doporučených postupů (guidelines). Z rozvíjejících se zemí je k dispozici omezené množství údajů o adherenci k doporučeným postupům pro diagnostiku a léčbu srdečního selhání. Cílem této studie bylo proto zjistit adherenci kardiologů k optimalizaci farmakoterapie podle doporučených postupů ještě před implantací přístrojů pacientům se srdečním selháním a sníženou ejekční frakcí. Pacienti a metody: Do studie byli zařazeni pacienti se srdečním selháním a sníženou ejekční frakcí, přijatí pro implantaci příslušného přístroje (implantabilní kardioverter-defibrilátor) nebo zahájení srdeční resynchronizační léčby; byly shromažďovány údaje pacientů včetně demografických charakteristik, léků a jejich dávek užívaných při vstupu do studie stejně jako typ implantovaného přístroje a indikace k implantaci. Výsledky: Z 31 pacientů zařazených do studie bylo 25,8 % žen. Průměrný věk byl 57,1 &#177; 11,6 roku. Beta-blokátory užívalo 83,9 % pacientů, inhibitory angiotenzin konvertujícího enzymu / blokátory receptoru AT1 pro angiotenzin II 38,7 % a antagonisty mineralokortikoidních receptorů 67,74 % pacientů. Léčba byla zahájena nebo dávky titrovány směrem vzhůru méně než dva měsíce před implantací příslušného přístroje v 73,68 % primárně indikovaných případů. Třem pacientům (9,67 %) byl přes splnění indikací pro srdeční resynchronizační terapii (blokáda levého Tawarova raménka nebo kompletní blokáda) implantován kardioverter-defibrilátor. U pacientů s primárními indikacemi se rozhodnutí o implantaci opíralo o doporučení guidelines v 9,67 % případů, kdy byla podávána medikamentózní léčba podle doporučených postupů s titrací dávek směrem vzhůru až do dosažení maximálních, na důkazech založených dávek ještě před implantací příslušného přístroje. Závěry: Naše studie prokázala špatnou adherenci k farmakoterapii podle doporučených postupů u pacientů se srdečním selháním a sníženou ejekční frakcí před implantací přístroje. Je třeba vyvinout maximální úsilí pro překonání tohoto nedostatku v praxi a dosáhnout u pacientů lepších výsledků nemluvě o nákladové účinnosti jako dosud přehlíženém ekonomickém faktoru zdravotní politiky. &#169; 2021, ČKS.

A review of the management of patients with advanced heart failure in the intensive care unit.

Despite progress in the medical and device therapy for heart failure (HF), the prognosis for those with advanced HF remains poor. Acute heart failure (AcHF) is the rapid development of, or worsening of symptoms and signs of HF typically leading to hospitalization. Whilst many HF decompensations are managed at a ward-based level, a proportion of patients require higher acuity care in the intensive care unit (ICU). Admission to ICU is associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality, and in those who fail to respond to standard supportive and medical therapy, a proportion maybe suitable for mechanical circulatory support (MCS). The optimal pre-operative management of advanced HF patients awaiting durable MCS or cardiac transplantation (CTx) is vital in improving both short and longer-term outcomes. This review will summarize the clinical assessment, hemodynamic profiling and management of the patient with AcHF in the ICU. The general principles of pre-surgical optimization encompassing individual systems (the kidneys, the liver, blood and glycemic control) will be discussed. Other factors impacting upon post-operative outcomes including nutrition and sarcopenia and pre-surgical skin decolonization have been included. Issues specific to durable MCS including the assessment of the right ventricle and strategies for optimization will also be discussed.

Preliminary results of the acute Heart Failure registry in the DELTA region of Egypt (DELTA-HF): a database and a quality initiative project

BackgroundData about heart failure in Egypt is scarce. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and diagnostic and treatment options in patients with acute heart failure in the Delta region of Egypt and to explore the gap in the management in comparison to the international guidelines.ResultsDELTA-HF is a prospective observational cohort registry for all consecutive patients with acute heart failure (AHF) who were admitted to three tertiary care cardiac centers distributed in the Delta region of Egypt. All patients were recruited in the period from April 2017 to May 2018, during which, data were collected and short-term follow-up was done.A total of 220 patients (65.5% were males with a median age of 61.5 years and 50.9% had acute decompensation on top of chronic heart failure) was enrolled in our registry. The risk factors for heart failure included rheumatic valvular heart disease (10.9%), smoking (65.3%), hypertension (48.2%), diabetes mellitus (42.7%), and coronary artery disease (28.2%). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was less than 40% in 62.6%. Etiologies of heart failure included ischemic heart disease (58.1%), valvular heart disease (16.3%), systemic hypertension (9.1%), and dilated non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (15.5%). Exacerbating factors included infections (28.1%), acute coronary syndromes (25.5%), non-compliance to HF medications (19.6%), and non-compliance to diet (23.2%) in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) patients. None of our patients had been offered heart failure device therapy and only 50% were put on beta-blockers upon discharge. In-hospital, 30 days and 90 days all-cause mortality were 18.2%, 20.7%, and 26% respectively.ConclusionsThere is a clear gap in the management of patients with acute heart failure in the Delta region of Egypt with confirmed under-utilization of heart failure device therapy and under-prescription of guideline-directed medical therapies particularly beta-blockers. The short-term mortality is high if compared with Western and other local registries. This could be attributed mainly to the low-resource health care system in this region and the lack of formal heart failure management programs.

Efficacy of Pharmacologic and Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Therapies in Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Background The treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction has been the subject of numerous randomized controlled trials involving medications and cardiac implantable electronic device therapies. As newer effective pharmacological therapies suggest significant reductions in all-cause mortality, the role of additional device therapy in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction deserves further scrutiny. Methods A systematic review and network meta-analysis on the effect of medication and device therapies in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction on all-cause mortality was performed. Randomized controlled trials published between January 1980 and July 2017 were identified using Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials databases. Pcnetmeta package in R was used to calculate treatment arm-based estimated rates, rate ratios, and probability ranks with 95% credible intervals. Results Combination therapy of ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors or ARBs (angiotensin receptor blockers) with β-blockers (BBs) alone or in addition to implantable cardiac defibrillators or cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillators demonstrated a significant reduction of all-cause mortality when compared with placebo. By probability rank, implantable cardiac defibrillator+ACE inhibitor or ARB+BB+mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, implantable cardiac defibrillator+ACE inhibitor or ARB+BB, and angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor+BB+mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist combination therapies have the highest probability of being ranked the best treatment. There was no significant difference in the rate of mortality when comparing angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor+BB+mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist to implantable cardiac defibrillator+optimal pharmacological combination therapy. Conclusions BB and renin-angiotensin system blockers alone or in combination with defibrillator device therapy have robust evidence for a reduction in mortality compared with placebo. The comparative efficacy of pharmacological therapy with angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors and device therapy deserves further investigation.

New Generation Cardiac Contractility Modulation Device-Filling the Gap in Heart Failure Treatment.

(1) Background: Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Despite substantial progress in its prevention and treatment, mortality rates remain high. Device therapy for HF mainly includes cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and the use of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). Recently, however, a new device therapy—cardiac contractility modulation (CCM)—became available. (2) Aim: The purpose of this study is to present a first case-series of patients with different clinical patterns of HF with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), supported with the newest generation of CCM devices. (3) Methods and results: Five patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 35% and a New York Heart Association (NYHA) class ≥ III were supported with CCM OPTIMIZER® SMART IPGCCMX10 at our clinic. The patients had a median age of 67 ± 8.03 years (47–80) and were all males—four with ischemic etiology dilated cardiomyopathy. In two cases, CCM was added on top of CRT (non-responders), and, in one patient, CCM was delivered during persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). After 6 months of follow-up, the LVEF increased from 25.4 ± 6.8% to 27 ± 9%, and the six-minute walk distance increased from 310 ± 65.1 m to 466 ± 23.6 m. One patient died 47 days after device implantation. (4) Conclusion: CCM therapy provided with the new model OPTIMIZER® SMART IPG CCMX10 is safe, feasible, and applicable to a wide range of patients with HF.

Autonomic regulation device therapy in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) represents a significant public health burden associated with incremental health care costs. Given the limitations associated with pharmacological autonomic regulation therapy (ART), device-based autonomic neuromodulation is on the horizon now for ART in those patients. This systematic review aimed primarily to determine the effect of ART by devices on functional status and quality of life (QOL) in patients with HFrEF. We performed a meta-analysis of five randomized controlled trials (1074 patients) comparing ART by devices versus optimal medical therapy (OMT) in HFrEF. We assessed pooled estimates of odds ratio (OR) for improvement in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class and mean differences (MD) in 6-minute hall walk distance (6-MHWD), Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) score, N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, and left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVi) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) at 6-month follow-up. Compared to OMT alone, ART by devices in HFrEF significantly improves NYHA class (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.33 to 3.83, P = 0.003), increases 6-MHWD (MD 45.53m, 95% CI 30.61 to 60.45, P < 0.00001), improves MLHFQ score (MD - 10.59, 95% CI - 20.62 to - 0.57, P = 0.04) with neutral effect on NT-proBNP levels (MD - 236.5pg/ml, 95% CI - 523.86 to 50.87, P = 0.11) and LVESVi (MD - 1.01ml/m2, 95% CI - 4.49 to 2.47, P = 0.57). We concluded that device-based neuromodulation therapy significantly improves functional status and quality of life in patients with HFrEF.