Device Industry Research Articles

Cross-Sectional Study Gender Pay Gap in Industry General Payments to U.S. General and Fellowship-Trained Surgeons.

Gender disparities exist in nonresearch industry payments to U.S. physicians, but detailed analyses specific to surgeons are limited. This study aims to investigate the gender pay gap in industry general nonresearch payments made to U.S. general and fellowship-trained surgeons between 2016 and2022. Data on industry payments to U.S. surgeons were collected from the open payments database. General and fellowship-trained surgeons were included. Gender prediction was conducted using an artificial intelligence tool. Payment type, amount, and company were summarized. Gender differences were compared. Between 2016 and 2022, the medical and device industry made 1,998,110 payments totaling $739,264,940 to U.S. general and fellowship-trained surgeons. The median payment was $31, primarily for food and beverages. Surgeons receiving over $5000 annually accounted for $634,530,579 (86%). Most payments were device-related (92%). Intuitive ($199M), Medtronic ($57M), and Boston Scientific ($46M) were the top-paying companies. California received the highest payments ($90M). Payments peaked in 2019 before falling due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Men were paid significantly more than women, with an average $16,509 annual pay gap favoring men (P<0.001). In 2019, the industry paid men $44,025 on average, compared to $16,677 for women. Among U.S. general and fellowship-trained surgeons, there is a gender pay gap in industry general payments, where males receive higher compensation for nonresearch-related reasons. Understanding the factors contributing to this disparity, such as differential access to industry opportunities and potential biases in compensation negotiations, is crucial for promoting equity in industry relationships.

Gender disparities in industry payments to neurosurgeons: a comprehensive analysis of Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments data (2016-2022).

This study aimed to investigate the extent of gender disparities in financial interactions between neurosurgeons and the medical device industry, examining the differences in the number, amount, and types of payments made to male and female neurosurgeons. Utilizing data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments database covering 2016-2022, the authors conducted a comprehensive analysis of industry payments to neurosurgeons. This methodology included univariate and multivariate analyses to examine the disparities in payments, with a focus on identifying significant differences in compensation across genders. An analysis of 24,074 industry transactions totaling $388,916,456.88 underscored pronounced gender disparities, with female neurosurgeons involved in merely 2.47% of these transactions and receiving just 0.91% of the overall financial value. The data revealed significant discrepancies in compensation between genders across all contributing companies. Male neurosurgeons engaged in a higher average number of annual transactions compared with their female counterparts (4.60 vs 2.75, p < 0.001), across various financial interactions. This included a greater participation in royalties and licenses (1.49 vs 0.31, p < 0.001), consulting fees (2.16 vs 1.63, p = 0.024), and acquisitions (0.01 vs 0.00, p = 0.006). On average, female neurosurgeons were compensated $16,303.66, starkly lower than the $75,523.20 average received by their male counterparts (p < 0.005). This gap was especially significant in royalties and licenses, where females earned an average of $5168.57 compared with $61,898.47 for males (p = 0.004). Additionally, in acquisitions, female neurosurgeons received no payments at all, whereas males averaged $2153.43 (p = 0.042). Several of these disparities remained significant even after accounting for potential confounding factors, highlighting a systematic bias in compensation and industry engagement against female neurosurgeons. The study underscores a significant gender-based disparity in the financial interactions between neurosurgeons and the medical device industry. These disparities highlight the need for systemic changes to address the underlying factors contributing to inequity in compensation and industry collaboration opportunities. Implementing equitable compensation structures, mentorship programs, and inclusive policies is a crucial step toward achieving gender parity in neurosurgery and ensuring the field benefits from the diverse skills and perspectives of all its members.

Ten-year analysis of non-research industry payments to anesthesiologists in the United States between 2014 and 2023.

This study aimed to examine extent, fraction, and trends of general payments to anesthesiologists and non-physician anesthesia providers (NPAPs) in the United States. This is a cross-sectional analysis of general payments by pharmaceutical and medical device industry to all anesthesiologists (2014-2023) and NPAPs (2021-2023) for non-research purposes using the Open Payments Database, a federal transparency database under the Physician Payments Sunshine Act between 2014 and 2023. The United States. All active practicing anesthesiologists and NPAPs, including certified registered nurse anesthetists and anesthesiologist assistants, in the United States. Fraction of providers receiving non-research payments; total payment amounts; median payment amounts per provider; relative annual average percentage change from 2014 to 2023. A total of $297.8 million general payments were made by industry to 75.4% of all active anesthesiologists from 2014 to 2023, while $7.2 million was made to 46.8% of NPAPs from 2021 to 2023. Median annual payments ranged from $59-$120 for anesthesiologists and $37-$38 for NPAPs. The proportion of anesthesiologists receiving payments declined at a relative annual average percentage change (RAAPC) of -2.9% from 2014 to 2019, followed by a substantial decrease in 2020. Subsequently, the number of payment recipients increased at an RAAPC of 15.4% (2020-2023) for anesthesiologists and 9.0% (2021-2023) for NPAPs. Payment distribution was highly concentrated, with the top 1% of anesthesiologists and NPAPs receiving 78.2% and 52.5% of total payments in 2023, respectively. Among anesthesiology subspecialties, pain medicine physicians consistently received the highest median payments ($332-$767) throughout the study period. This study demonstrated large financial relationships between industry and anesthesia providers, with a disproportionate concentration of payments among a minority of providers.

Readiness for Industry 4.0 in a Medical Device Manufacturer as an Enabler for Sustainability, a Case Study

This research aims to determine the state of Industry 4.0 readiness and to identify the best practices, challenges, and barriers to implementing Industry 4.0 technology in a medical device manufacturer, thus aiding in improving sustainability. Semi-structured interviews were completed with 12 senior executives representing a wide array of functions in a single large medical device manufacturer. Convenience sampling was used to analyse the interview transcripts to draw out themes that were then discussed and analysed with findings from the literature review. This research determined the state of Industry 4.0 readiness in the case study of medical device manufacturers. This research identified several best practices, challenges, and barriers to implementing Industry 4.0 technology. Currently, there are few case studies in the literature that have a medical device manufacturer as the case study for Industry 4.0 readiness. There are even fewer articles that tackle Industry 4.0 implementation across the entire medical device industry. There is currently no published literature that analyses the best practices for implementing Industry 4.0 in a medical device manufacturer. The best practices for Industry 4.0 implementation identified in this study can be beneficial to stakeholders in the medical device industry and within the healthcare sector, help them plan current and future Industry 4.0 programmes, improve sustainability in their companies, as well as optimise patient treatment and approaches.

Inventory optimization model using Artificial Neural Network method and Continuous Review (s,Q)

The medical device industry company experienced the problem of prolonged accumulation of finished goods in the warehouse, causing one of the safety box items to be defective and damaged. Therefore, this study aims to plan demand forecasting and design inventory policies that consider repair items caused during the buildup of finished goods in the warehouse to minimize total inventory costs using ANN and Continuous Review (s,Q) methods. Demand forecasting is carried out for the next 20 months, from May 2023 to December 2024, using the ANN model with a total forecasting of 17936 units of inner items and 3370 units of outer items. After that, the inventory policy calculation uses the continuous review (s,Q) method. The calculation results show a decrease in the total inventory cost on inner items by 83% and outer items by 79%. After demand forecasting, there was also a decrease in the total initial inventory cost of inner items by 81% and outer items by 80%. This research develops an inventory optimization model that considers repair items due to the accumulation of goods in the warehouse by integrating holding cost, ordering cost, and repair cost variables to develop inventory policies to be more effective and efficient and to utilize damaged products for repair and resale. The limitation of this research is that it only gets demand forecasting results for the next 20 months because the company only started operating in September 2021 and limited data access. It is hoped that future researchers can plan and design an inventory policy strategy with demand forecasting for the next 10 years, focusing on repair items caused by the accumulation of finished goods in the warehouse.

Statistical Approaches to Post-Market Surveillance and Device Safety in Medical Device Industries&amp;nbsp;

Statistical Approaches to Post-Market Surveillance and Device Safety in Medical Device Industries&amp;nbsp;

Influence of silver nanoparticles on the surface characteristics and electrical properties of polypyrrole/PET polymeric composite films for electronic devices

The motivation behind this study is to fabricate novel nanocomposite materials with stronger dielectric characteristics to be applied in electronic devices. The chemical oxidative polymerization technique was employed to fabricate the PET/(PPy-Ag) polymer composite films. These films consist of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and polypyrrole (PPy), and the blend (PPy-Ag) is then deposited on the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The choice of method depends on the desired application, the properties of the polymer and the level of nanoparticle dispersion required. The characterization methods, Fourier-transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) were utilized in this study. The EDX data show that the PET/(PPy-Ag) is successfully fabricated with elements C, N, O and Ag, with weight ratios of 15.76%, 8.92%, 65.88% and 9.44%, respectively. The influence of (PPy-Ag) on the conductivity and surface wettability of PET was evaluated. The surface-free energy and adhesion work were determined using contact angle measurements. The surface-free energy increased from 41.64 to 60.24[Formula: see text]mJ/m2 and the water adhesion work increased from 98.78[Formula: see text]mJ/m2 for PET/(PPy-Ag)-1 to 121.01[Formula: see text]mJ/m2 for PET/(PPy-Ag). Moreover, the conductivity enhanced from [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]S.cm[Formula: see text] for PET to [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]S.cm[Formula: see text] for (PPy-Ag)/PET. By modifying the properties of the composite PET/(PPy-Ag), the results demonstrated that the fabricated composite can be used as an electronic and industrial device.

BASIC APPROACHES TO IMPROVING THE TACTICAL AND TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF OF LIGHTLY ARMORED VEHICLES BY SUBSTANTIATING THE STRUCTURE AND PARAMETERS OF ARMORED HULLS BY DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS

Domestic lightly armored vehicles and robotic combat platforms based on them, as the experience of combat operations against the aggressor country shows, are subjected to intense dynamic loads that tend to grow constantly. This makes it necessary to pay attention to ensuring more rigid dynamic characteristics of the armored hulls of these vehicles as their main power and protective elements. In turn, this ensures the durability, protection, and accuracy of fire from their own weapons. To this end, parametric models and methods are being developed, and research is being conducted to substantiate the structure and parameters of the armor hulls of lightly armored vehicles and robotic combat platforms based on them, which ensure their strength, protection, and accuracy of fire. To this end, fundamentally new approaches to the analysis and synthesis of eigenfrequency spectra and waveforms of complex mechanical systems are being developed based on the improvement of the Rayleigh's variational principle. The substantiated technical solutions are implemented in the modernization of armored hulls of domestic vehicles and robotic combat platforms based on them, etc. Such knowledge and methods have, on the one hand, a fundamental nature, and, on the other hand, direct application in the field of armaments and military equipment. In addition, such knowledge is applicable to the development of new machines, equipment and devices for the energy industry, transport, technological equipment, etc. At the same time, new non-traditional materials, strengthening technologies and composite structures are naturally taken into account, used and substantiated. Accordingly, these knowledge, methods, and technologies are the basis for substantiating progressive scientific and technical solutions.

A Comparative Perspective of the Regulatory Review Process in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries

The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have significant growth in the pharmaceutical and medical device industries. This review aims to provide an overview of the current regulatory landscape in GCC countries, highlighting challenges, opportunities, and best practices. This study evaluates the regulatory submission review timeline in GCC countries. Although their structures, approaches, and procedures differ significantly, regulatory bodies in industrialized and developing nations ensure patients have access to safe and effective medications. To provide a unified approach, the study's objective was to assess the regulatory frameworks of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), which includes Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, and Yemen. The analysis encompasses the three regulatory review phases: submission, evaluation, and authorization. This review explores each GCC country's regulatory frameworks and processes, highlighting regulatory submission requirements, timelines, and authorization processes. The analysis also includes critical tasks and requirements like good manufacturing practices (GMP) status verification, analysis of samples, validation procedures, patent protection considerations, applicant response time, regulatory fees, and pricing procedures. This review also examines the interactions between sponsors and regulatory authorities. To enable more effective and efficient navigation of these intricate systems, this thorough research attempts to offer a deeper understanding of the regulatory review procedures in the GCC nations.

Practical use of Seebeck and Pelter effects (Review)

The subject of research is industrial and household equipment and devices, the principle of operation of which is based on such thermoelectric phenomena as the Seebeck and Peltier effects. The purpose of the research is a critical analysis of the fields of practical application of the Peltier and Seebeck effects, as well as the constructive and technological design of the processes in which the specified effects are implemented to ensure a certain thermal regime, as well as the generation of electrical energy from waste heat. One of the main problems of today is global warming, environmental pollution and the increase in the cost of electricity. These problems can be partially solved with the help of thermoelectric phenomena, that is, physical phenomena caused by the relationship between electric current and heat flows in substances and contacts between them, which primarily include the Peltier and Seebeck effects. The indisputable advantages of thermoelectric means are their environmental safety, quiet operation and long service life. Seebeck and Peltier effects are used in chemical technology and related industries, renewable energy, construction, machine and instrument engineering, aerospace and military engineering, microelectronics, computer technology, medicine, personal hygiene devices, household appliances, and transportation. However, the low efficiency and the high cost of materials prevent the wide spread of thermoelectric technology. Wider application of thermoelectric technologies can be expected in case of development of new conductive materials with different energy levels of electrons in the conduction zone, as well as optimization of the geometry and structure of thermoelectric devices. Recently, intensive research has also been carried out on the so-called ionic Seebeck effect, which opens up new perspectives in thermoelectric phenomena, as well as the use of "magnetic thermoelectrics", or the spin Seebeck effect. This review can be useful to creators of new equipment and technology, because the fund of technical effects is widely used during the creation of innovative samples, which is an integral part of the information fund of inventors and helps them create simple, effective and bright solutions to technical problems.

Toward Robust Lung Cancer Diagnosis: Integrating Multiple CT Datasets, Curriculum Learning, and Explainable AI.

Background and Objectives: Computer-aided diagnostic systems have achieved remarkable success in the medical field, particularly in diagnosing malignant tumors, and have done so at a rapid pace. However, the generalizability of the results remains a challenge for researchers and decreases the credibility of these models, which represents a point of criticism by physicians and specialists, especially given the sensitivity of the field. This study proposes a novel model based on deep learning to enhance lung cancer diagnosis quality, understandability, and generalizability. Methods: The proposed approach uses five computed tomography (CT) datasets to assess diversity and heterogeneity. Moreover, the mixup augmentation technique was adopted to facilitate the reliance on salient characteristics by combining features and CT scan labels from datasets to reduce their biases and subjectivity, thus improving the model's generalization ability and enhancing its robustness. Curriculum learning was used to train the model, starting with simple sets to learn complicated ones quickly. Results: The proposed approach achieved promising results, with an accuracy of 99.38%; precision, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of 100%; sensitivity of 98.76%; and F1-score of 99.37%. Additionally, it scored a 00% false positive rate and only a 1.23% false negative rate. An external dataset was used to further validate the proposed method's effectiveness. The proposed approach achieved optimal results of 100% in all metrics, with 00% false positive and false negative rates. Finally, explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) using Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) was employed to better understand the model. Conclusions: This research proposes a robust and interpretable model for lung cancer diagnostics with improved generalizability and validity. Incorporating mixup and curriculum training supported by several datasets underlines its promise for employment as a diagnostic device in the medical industry.

CALCULATION PROGRAM OF THE ABSORPTION PROCESS IN NITRIC ACID PRODUCTION

The modern technological process is a product of design and modeling. Verification of theories and technical solutions can be carried out not on existing equipment but on mathematical models, by means of calculations. This increases the safety of research activities and speeds up the design process. For large research institutions and manufacturers, it is advisable to use specialized software such as MatLab, ASPEN or SimSci. Such environments have a large number of libraries and applications, which make them multifunctional. At the same time, the vast majority of users use only a small number of narrowly specialized functions that correspond to the direction of their activity. Mastering programming skills has become an integral part of modern education. Creating calculation programs based on mathematical models is not a difficult task for scientists. The rapid development of programming languages and technologies allows choosing the most appropriate ways of creating programs. According to experts, C# has been in the top 5 popular programming languages for many years. The use of this language is closely related to the .NET technology, which is intended for creating cross-platform applications. Microsoft Corporation provides the possibility of free use of its product MS Visual Studio, which also includes C#. The article describes a program created for use in researching the operation of an absorption column for the absorption of nitrogen oxides in the production of nitric acid. When developing the program, a standard calculation algorithm was used, according to which industrial devices operating in Ukraine were calculated. The algorithm also takes into account the latest information on the influence of technological parameters and physico-chemical processes. The program is created with a minimalistic interface and data entry options both from the program window and from a text file. The results of calculating the influence of oxygen addition on the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the discharge gas are given. The main purpose of the program is to study the operation of the column as an object of automation. The proposed program can be supplemented with new options, such as automatic calculation of gain coefficients for specified channels, batch processing based on data from a file, and others. Also, the program can be used for teaching students and performing research.

Pioneer Learning From Failure: How Competitor Entry and Consumer Reports Improve Learning From Failure Repositories

While learning is key for pioneers—firms introducing new products without existing competitors—a lack of competitors limits learning opportunities. To compensate, pioneers in safety-critical industries frequently resort to failure repositories—databases that track failure reports in an industry. However, the sheer volume, inconsistency, and unstructured nature of such failure reports make them difficult to use without clear referents that provide a benchmark and context for interpretation. We investigate how the entry of a competitor enhances pioneers’ learning effectiveness by offering such a stable basis for comparison and analysis. Specifically, we observe changes in failure reports that support our theory that pioneers adjust their learning processes in response to the altered availability and nature of failure information in a repository after competitor entry. Consumer failure reports, which provide unfiltered and unique information, are crucial for understanding and addressing problems that may result in failure. Our analysis of the medical device industry shows that pioneers learn more effectively after a competitor enters the market. Pioneers learn more effectively from consumer reports, especially when not interspersed with less valuable sources, such as expert and internal firm reports. Notably, pioneer learning after competitor entry leads to lower reported alleged future injuries and product malfunctions. These findings contribute to repository-based learning by showing how competition can improve effectiveness and suggesting that distinct consumer feedback is particularly valuable for pioneering firms. Besides adding to the literature on organizational learning, this study also highlights the role of competition in fostering innovation and improving safety.

Quality Audits in Medical Device manufacturing: Best Practices and Challenges

Quality management system audits are an essential component of maintaining regulatory compliance, ensuring product safety, and continuously improving the performance of medical devices. As the medical device industry grows rapidly complex due to global regulations, technological advancements, and patient safety requirements, these management system audits play a critical role in ensuring that manufacturers meet standards such as ISO 13485: 2016, and CDSCO regulations, FDA regulations (21 CFR 820), and EU Medical Device Regulation (MDR). This article explores best practices for conducting quality audits in medical device manufacturing, identifies common challenges, and offers solutions for overcoming the challenges. The paper also examines how effective audits contribute to enhancing product quality, ensuring regulatory compliance, and fostering a culture of continuous improvement in medical device companies based on the survey results from ISO CASCO Committee.

Impact of Contract Research Organizations on Pharmaceutical Industries: A Review

Abstract: Contract Research Organizations are bodies that offer research and development services on a contract basis to the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, medical device, and other industries. These organizations offer a wide range of services to support the drug discovery, development, and commercialization process. Initially, CROs begin with clinical trial management facilities and assisting sponsors with clinical study design, whereas laboratory CROs provide drug discovery, manufacturing, and bioanalytical services, including site feasibility. Their services mainly cover pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry based work such as drug development, pharmaceutical product development, clinical and preclinical trials, analytical method developments, pharmacovigilance, medical writing, etc. India presents itself as a wonderful platform for CROs attributing to its huge population, varied disease conditions, accessible human resources, large number of hospitals and low treatment cost. In the clinical trial process, CROs are engaged by the sponsor to accomplish a number of duties, taking into account various administrative and technical responsibilities on behalf of the sponsor. The current manuscript highlights the globalization of clinical trials, the concept of CRO, roles and responsibilities, functions of CROs, regulatory infrastructure of CRO, criteria for selection of suitable CRO, Indian CRO market and impact of Covid-19 pandemic on it.

Adoption challenges of sensing technologies in construction project management in sub-Saharan African countries

PurposeThe use of technology has increased in the industrial sector over the years. This has propelled the construction industry to follow suit by enhancing construction technology to experience the associated benefits. However, technology adoption in the construction environment has not been smoothly implemented. This article aimed to determine the obstacles to adopting sensing technology in managing construction projects in three major sub-Saharan African nations.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted a quantitative approach using structured questionnaires. The questionnaire link was sent to construction professionals in Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa, of which 120 were responded. Data received were analysed using the Statistical Package for Special Science (SPSS) to generate mean scores and the Kruskal–Wallis test and component analysis.FindingsThe results show that construction professionals face herculean tasks when adopting sensing technology in construction project management. Some prominent challenges are initial cost, lack of proper information technology (IT) infrastructure, power supply, lack of well-trained staff, maintenance cost, operating cost, cost of training, technology immaturity and resistance to change. The results also revealed that adoption challenges differ in these three countries, which may be attributable to the economic development level.Practical implicationsDespite the importance of sensing devices in construction industries, the study has revealed that Sub-Saharan African countries face enormous challenges in adopting them in project management and execution. This situation may hinder the industry’s ability to benefit from this technology in terms of efficiency, effectiveness and safety management, which may ultimately affect their cash flows.Originality/valueThe study provides a valuable understanding of the challenges encountered in implementing sensing technology in the construction sector in major countries within sub-Saharan Africa. These findings will enable the countries examined and other African countries to become cognizant of the challenges and implement strategies to overcome them, thereby enhancing performance in the construction industry.

Evaluation of the Financial Performances of the Medical Device Companies among Fortune 500 Companies before, during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the financial performances of the six medical device companies among Fortune 500 companies before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: We first conducted ratio analysis by using liquidity, turnover, leverage and profitability ratios; then we conducted Wilcoxon signed-rank tests by using the calculated values of the financial ratios. We obtained the required data from the annual financial statements of the medical device companies among Fortune 500 companies. In the analyses, we took 2019 as the year before the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020 and 2021 as the year of the COVID-19 pandemic and 2022 as the year after the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The results of the study showed that the medical device companies among Fortune 500 companies were able to keep their financial performances steady when the COVID-19 pandemic began; they were able to increase their profits in the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic; and they were able to start using their assets more efficiently after the COVID-19 pandemic. Discussion: The findings of the study suggests that the overall financial performances of the medical device companies among Fortune 500 companies were strong before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The evaluation of the financial performances of the medical device companies among Fortune 500 companies before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic may be beneficial for managers and policy makers in the medical device industry to determine the areas that requires to be strengthened in order to be better prepared for possible future pandemics and crisis periods.

Emerging Educational and Networking Platforms in Interventional Cardiology: Expanding Beyond Traditional Social Media.

With ubiquitous use of smartphones and other Internet-enabled devices, clinicians have access to a plethora of multimedia platforms that enable them to network, share educational content, and learn. Several platforms also enable resources that support clinical decision making. Traditional social media has been used extensively by cardiologists for several years and now extends to the entire care team including trainees, advanced practitioners, nurses and technologists. Numerous challenges include concerns about patient privacy and security, lack of peer-review and organization, and chances of propagating misinformation. More recently, newer networking platforms have emerged within cardiology to overcome several of the limitations of traditional social media. Additionally, mobile applications have emerged as an educational tool that provides clinicians with easy access to the latest information including guidelines, consensus documents, risk estimators and treatment algorithms. These point-of-care learning and decision-making tools are especially relevant and impactful in a procedural field like interventional cardiology. While professional societies are major drivers of these emerging platforms, there are also other stakeholders including educational institutions and the medical device industry. In this review article, we examine the role of traditional social media and describe newer networking platforms as well as mobile applications applicable to interventional cardiology with a discussion about their relative advantages and disadvantages.

High-Availability Authentication and Key Agreement for Internet of Things-Based Devices in Industry 5.0

High-Availability Authentication and Key Agreement for Internet of Things-Based Devices in Industry 5.0

Role of samarium doping in ZnSe electrode material with increased electrocapacitive properties for supercapacitor energy storage applications

Researchers have recently paid great attention to different transition metals-basedsupercapacitor electrode materials, which haveincreased interest due to their excellent energy storage applications. In this regard, electrodes based on samarium-doped materials have shown impressive promise for higher-performingsupercapacitors and energy-storing devices in many industries. In the present work, Sm-doped ZnSe electrode material was fabricated by using a simple hydrothermal method and then characterized structurally and morphologically by various physical characterizations. When prepared Sm-doped ZnSewasevaluated in three electrode configurations,then displayedan impressive specific capacitance(923.43F/g), high energy density (45.43 Wh/kg) along with power density (297.6 W/kg)at 1 A/g,higher as compared with ZnSe. According to EIS characterization small charge transfer resistance (0.10 Ω) of the doping material was calculated while chronoamperometry data showed that the fabricated electrode exhibited higher stability of 30 h. This work shows that doping of Smto ZnSeenhances energy storage efficiency and suggests great energy storage abilities in supercapacitors and other energy storage devices.