Visual Devices Research Articles

Functional Requirements in Designing Children’s Toy Stores

Objectives: This study aimed at revealing the functional requirements for designing the interior spaces of children’s toy stores. The research problem can be formulated with the following question: What are the design requirements to take into account when designing children’s toy stores from a functional standpoint? Methodology: The researcher used the descriptive method in analyzing the description and analysis of the research models, as the aforementioned method is characterized by optimal mechanisms to achieve the research objectives, relying thus on collecting information and data related to the research, as the research was determined by studying two samples that were chosen intentionally in the city of Baghdad for both sides of the river (Al-Karkh and Rusafa provinces) for the period limited to 2020-2023. Results: The study showed that the absence of modern and innovative display techniques made children’s toy stores lose their ability to keep pace with the development and technological progress of the era in making the act of shopping successful and looking at what is on display to promote it and saving space. Conclusion: The study concluded that non-employment of modern display techniques does not give shoppers the opportunity to be informed of the largest possible amount of what is on offer and learn more details about it in an interactive manner via (visual display devices) in order to market it without the need to display it inside the space and to save space).

An apple fruit localization system based on accurate and flexible hand-eye pose acquisition for robotic harvesting

The accurate localization of fruits and vegetables is crucial for robotic harvesting systems, depending not only on the localization accuracy within the vision device frame but also on the precision of the hand-eye pose. Despite considerable research focusing on localization accuracy within the vision device frame, limited attention has been directed toward improving the accuracy of the hand-eye pose. Furthermore, current methods for acquiring an accurate hand-eye pose are often inflexible and difficult to apply for the users. Therefore, we propose an accurate and flexible hand-eye pose acquisition method to enhance the performance of an apple fruit localization system. This method begins by attaching a datum block with three marked points to the camera, and the camera pose relative to the datum block is then determined using an iterative least-squares algorithm in the proposed calibration system. Once calibrated, the camera with the attached datum block can be mounted on a harvesting robot. In this manner, users can easily acquire the hand-eye pose by introducing the robotic arm of the harvesting robot along with a probe to contact the marked points on the datum block, making the process more flexible and accessible. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed hand-eye acquisition method, extensive experiments were conducted using a self-designed apple harvesting robot. Comparative experiments demonstrated that our method significantly improved the accuracy of the fruit localization system, reducing the mean positioning error by at least 33.3% compared to the selected state-of-the-art methods. Overall, the system achieved a mean localization accuracy of 14.0 mm under non-occluded conditions, with illuminance levels ranging from 8 to 20 kLux in a simulated orchard environment. Furthermore, field evaluation experiments in an apple orchard revealed that the localization success rate of the system exceeded 80.53%.

Retina-Inspired Flexible Visual Synaptic Device for Dynamic Image Processing.

Exploiting biomimetic perception of invisible spectra in flexible artificial human vision systems (HVSs) is crucial for real-time dynamic information processing. Nevertheless, the fast processing of motion objects in natural environments poses a challenge, necessitating that these artificial HVSs simultaneously have swift photoresponse and nonvolatile memory. Here, inspired by the human retina, we propose a flexible UV neuromorphic visual synaptic device (NeuVSD) based on GaOx@GaN-composited nanowires for dynamic visual perception. Benefiting from the combined action of oxygen adsorption kinetics on the GaOx shell and photoelectronic excitation in the GaN core, the NeuVSD can achieve rapid photoresponse and long-term plasticity simultaneously, a feature that surpasses traditional devices based on persistent photoconductivity mechanisms. Beyond the optoelectronic synaptic plasticity, the flexible NeuVSD on the PET/PI substrate exhibits good performance stability after 1000 bending cycles, profiting from the high adaptability of nanowires. Furthermore, target recognition and motion detection with weak light intensities are achieved through the establishment of neuromorphic visual neural networks, relying on dynamic exposures and edge information processing, respectively. Real-time edge detection can still be realized under a 40% noise factor and effectively remove the noise background. The flexible NeuVSD array-based artificial visual system can enhance the capability of dynamic visual information processing in low-light and high-noise conditions, thereby fostering the evolution of in-sensor computing and artificial intelligence.

Comparison of Kinetic, Automated, Tangent Screen, and Novel Disposable Perimetry for the Evaluation of Dermatochalasis and Blepharoptosis.

To compare a novel disposable ptosis visual field device to conventional perimetry devices for the evaluation of dermatochalasis and/or blepharoptosis. Forty patients from a single academic center participated in this prospective, observational study. Patients with dermatochalasis (skin resting on the eyelashes) and/or blepharoptosis (marginal reflex distance 1 ≤2 mm) were included. Each subject underwent untaped and taped perimetry using 4 visual field devices in random order: Goldmann visual field (GVF), automated Humphrey visual field (HVF), tangent screen (TS), and the novel visual field device (NVF). One eye was randomly selected, and McNemar tests and paired t tests were used to establish comparisons between devices. The mean difference between untaped and taped central perimetry (in °) in the GVF, NVF, HVF, and TS was 26.5° ± 14.0°, 12.4° ± 8.5°, 9.6° ± 6.5°, and 9.6° ± 5.8°. The novel device detected a mean 2.9° greater difference than both the HVF (p = 0.083) and the TS (p = 0.062). The GVF, NVF, HVF, and TS detected a ≥12° difference in 90%, 50%, 39%, and 32.5% of eyes, respectively. The GVF detected a mean 14.1° greater difference than the novel device (p < 0.001). The GVF, NVF, HVF, and TS detected a ≥30% superior field occlusion in 98%, 73%, 55%, and 50% of eyes, respectively. There was no statistical difference in the ability of the NVF to detect a >12° difference or ≥30% superior field restriction compared with HVF or TS. The NVF is as reliable as the commonly used HVF and TS for the evaluation of visual obstruction due to blepharoptosis and dermatochalasis. The GVF is more sensitive than the other 3 devices. The novel disposable visual field device could allow for virtual visual field testing.

Introibo Ad Altare Dei—Visual Displaying and Liturgical Ornamentation of Christian Altars in the Late Medieval Illustrations of the Roman Rite

This study offers an in-depth exploration of the visual representation of Roman Rite liturgical altars in medieval images from the 13th to the 15th centuries, presenting a fresh perspective on the altar as a central and complex element of medieval liturgical furnishings. It examines key iconographic themes, such as the introit Ad te levavi animam meam and masses celebrated by saints, often depicting divine interventions during the Eucharist. Additionally, the research investigates the role of performative visual elements, such as curtains, which contributed to the depiction of sacred space within altar scenes. These visual devices help convey the altar as a space imbued with spiritual significance. Drawing on a wide range of contemporary visual and documentary sources, the study traces the continuity and variation in the altar’s iconography, offering a nuanced understanding of its role in medieval Christian worship. By examining how artists employed visual symbolism to emphasize the sanctity of the altar, this research sheds new light on the ways medieval altars were imagined and represented in the broader context of medieval art.

Diagnostic Comparison of Different Methods for Detection of Occlusal Caries Lesions In New Erupted Permanent Teeth

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the alternating current impedance spectroscopy device in the diagnosis of occlusal caries using visual and radiovisiography and determining the inter-researcher reliability of the device by repeating it with two different researchers. Materials and Methods: From thirty-five patients, a total of thirty-five new eruptive occlusal first molar teeth with intact or early decay were included. It was examined by visual, radiovisiography and CarieScan Pro (CP) device by two researchers with independent clinical experience. Results: With regard to intra-observer agreement for examiner 1 and 2, while there was only statistically significant difference between CP and ICDAS-II (P&amp;lt;.005), no significant difference was found among other groups. A high inter observer agreement and moderately good kappa value were seen. Conclusion: The ICDAS-II method alone appears to be sufficient for the diagnosis of occlusal caries. It was concluded that the CP technique showed a low ability to reveal occlusal carious lesions on enamel and/or dentin in newly erupted permanent molars. Keywords: Caries Diagnosis, CarieScan Pro, ICDAS-II

See-through characteristics of a holographic contact lens display and design consideration for a spatial light modulator

The holographic contact lens display offers an ultra-thin and compact form factor as a visual interface device for augmented reality. It uses a transmission-type spatial light modulator (SLM) and a polarizer to overlay three-dimensional images onto real scenes, affecting the display’s see-through capability. This study explores theoretical and experimental aspects of light efficiency, higher-order diffraction light generation, and see-through image resolution. Increasing the SLM’s fill factor improved the light efficiency and reduced the higher-order diffraction light generation, without impacting the image resolution. Additionally, we investigated removing the polarizer to further enhance light efficiency and demonstrated its effects.

Data Acquisition and Management in Industrial Businesses Fundamentals and Methodologies

In industrial enterprises, data acquisition is an essential procedure, basically in the industry 4.0 context. It entails taking signals and converting them into digital values that a computer can manipulate. In order to transform analog waveforms into modern values for further processing, information gathering systems are essential. This article focuses on the process of acquiring data in industrial enterprises throughout the age of Industry 4.0 reviewing the constituents of data gathering systems and the significance of accurate and dependable data in portraying industrial processes. In addition, the study examines the classification of production systems according to criteria that influence data accessibility, as well as the various techniques and approaches used for data acquisition. The limitations of human data collection are highlighted, along with the benefits of automated and semi-automated data capturing technologies. Management support systems may get data from industrial automation systems, which are also investigated in the research. Using dedicated servers and communications protocols to consolidate data, it investigates the issues with industry-wide fragmentation in automation systems. The research goes deeper into how machine vision, barcodes, and RFID devices are used to gather data. Finally, the paper emphasizes the need of analyzing the company's organizational and technical environment and proposes a strategy for building a Manufacturing Information Acquisition System (MIAS).

Exploring Percentages of Elementary School Students Utilizing Visual Electronic Devices for Learning and Homework Assistance.

Exploring Percentages of Elementary School Students Utilizing Visual Electronic Devices for Learning and Homework Assistance.

Enhancing Vision: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Telescopic Devices in Individuals with Retinitis Pigmentosa

Introduction: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) comprises inherited retinal disorders leading to vision loss. LVDs aid individuals with RP by enhancing visual acuity (VA). Low Vision Devices (LVDs) offer the potential to enhance the independence and function of visually impaired individuals. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of telescopic LVDs in individuals with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Methods: A retrospective, interventional study was conducted at the Khyber Teaching Hospital, Pakistan, Records of 56 non-syndromic RP patients, examined between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2022, having best corrected VA between 0.30 and 1.30 logMAR were reviewed. Descriptive statistics and paired sample t-tests were employed to analyse changes in VA. Results: Most RP patients were male (39; 69.7%), with a high consanguinity rate (43; 76.8%). Of the 56 subjects, 45(80.35%) showed an improvement in distance VA with the telescope, while 11(19.64%) had constricted visual fields and showed no improvement in VA. The mean distance best corrected VA improved from 0.90logMAR (without LVDs) to 0.58 logMAR with a LVD (p&lt;0.001). Binocular telescopes were preferred by 51.8% of adults and children. Conclusion: LVDs significantly enhanced VA for individuals with RP, emphasising the importance of early device availability. It is important to note that not all patients may show the same pattern of improvement. A personalised rehabilitation plan may be necessary for each individual.

고령 운전자의 페달 혼동 예방을 위한 시각적 보조장치 개발 및 효과성 분석

Objective: This study aimed to develop a visual assistive device to prevent pedal confusion accidents and analyze its effectiveness and necessity. Methods : The study participants consisted of five elderly drivers who had experienced pedal confusion, and the analysis was conducted using the self-report driving assessment tool, SAFE-DR (Self-report Assessment Forecasting Elderly Driving Risk), as well as a survey on willingness to use the device and interviews regarding their experiences with pedal confusion. Results : The self-reported assessments of the drivers who had experienced pedal confusion revealed that all participants were taking medications daily. Additionally, they reported difficulties with reading small print, reversing, navigating through complex intersections, and quickly pressing the brake pedal. In the survey on the visual assistive device, all respondents expressed a willingness to use the device and indicated that they believed it would help prevent pedal confusion. Conclusion : This study developed a visual aid device to prevent pedal confusion among elderly drivers and analyzed its effectiveness and necessity based on feedback from drivers who had experienced pedal confusion. The findings suggest that the visual aid device can contribute to reducing the likelihood of pedal confusion in elderly drivers, thereby positively impacting traffic accident prevention and driver safety.

Development of a responsive web-based digital library for geography education students

A responsive web-based digital library is an application built with web technology to allow users to access digital collections via the Internet. Most digital libraries have not adequately addressed the need for self-directed learning for students, so students' access to educational resources is still limited. This study aimed to determine the development of a responsive web-based digital library for geography education students through an analysis of the identification of the planning process for a responsive web-based digital library, a feasibility evaluation by experts, and an assessment of geography education students’ responses. The research method used a Research and Development strategy through the 4D model (define, design, develop, and disseminate). The result was that the research plan involved needs analysis for students. The system design used case and activity diagrams and prototype development validated by experts. Expert evaluation on usability, navigation, graphic design, content, and compatibility falls in the 62.50% &lt; score ≤ 81.25% range, indicating feasibility. The study result was a research plan involving needs analysis for geography education students. The system design used case and activity diagrams and the development of a prototype validated by experts. Expert evaluations on usability, navigation, graphic design, content, and compatibility were in the range of 62.50% &lt; score ≤ 81.25%, indicating feasibility. Students' responses showed that the highest percentages were visual communication (80.73%, very good), usability (76.03%, good), and device compatibility (78.18%, good). In conclusion, this study provides significant contributions to supporting self-directed learning by providing easier access to academic resources for geography education students.

Head-mounted Devices for Low Vision: A Review.

Head-mounted devices (HMDs) are wearable electronic tools designed to augment the visual experience of low-vision patients who have a decrease in vision not improved by refractive correction. They do so by addressing various principles of visual enhancement, including magnification, illumination, increased field of view, and contrast sensitivity enhancement, among others. Since the introduction of the first HMD 3 decades ago, advancements in technology have made these devices more lightweight and practical for everyday use. More sophisticated features have been developed, including augmented reality, virtual reality, text-to-speech, and blind spot remapping. However, despite these advancements, HMDs still face a host of challenges, including cost, customizability to specific patient factors, and social stigma. In this paper, we present a broad overview of HMDs, review major products available commercially, and discuss the challenges and future directions for this rapidly growing field.

PROSTATE CANCER DIAGNOSTICS MODELING USING THE INFRARED IMAGING METHOD.

Imaging plays an important role in the identification of prostate cancer (PCa). However, a shortcoming of the current imaging techniques is their inability to detect PCa at an early stage of development when tumor volume is small. This led us to explore new and improved imaging methods. The phenomenon that infrared (IR) light penetrates biological tissues caused our efforts to utilize IR rays for PCa visualization. The aim of this study was to conduct model experiments to demonstrate how IR light could be used in the future to detect PCa in vivo. Experiments were carried out on prostates obtained after radical prostatectomy. The study was approved by the ethical commission of the Georgia-Israel Joint Clinic "Gidmedi". We developed a device that uses IR light to illuminate a prostate from the inside. In order to get IR images of the prostate, we developed a device with an IR-sensitive charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. The model experiments showed that the intensity of IR light passing through noncancerous and malignant prostate tissues is significantly different allowing their distinguishment. The visualization device can detect PCa lesions as small as several millimeters. These results suggest that our device could be useful for the detection of small PCa lesions.

Research on Multimodal Control Method for Prosthetic Hands Based on Visuo-Tactile and Arm Motion Measurement.

The realization of hand function reengineering using a manipulator is a research hotspot in the field of robotics. In this paper, we propose a multimodal perception and control method for a robotic hand to assist the disabled. The movement of the human hand can be divided into two parts: the coordination of the posture of the fingers, and the coordination of the timing of grasping and releasing objects. Therefore, we first used a pinhole camera to construct a visual device suitable for finger mounting, and preclassified the shape of the object based on YOLOv8; then, a filtering process using multi-frame synthesized point cloud data from miniature 2D Lidar, and DBSCAN algorithm clustering objects and the DTW algorithm, was proposed to further identify the cross-sectional shape and size of the grasped part of the object and realize control of the robot's grasping gesture; finally, a multimodal perception and control method for prosthetic hands was proposed. To control the grasping attitude, a fusion algorithm based on information of upper limb motion state, hand position, and lesser toe haptics was proposed to realize control of the robotic grasping process with a human in the ring. The device designed in this paper does not contact the human skin, does not produce discomfort, and the completion rate of the grasping process experiment reached 91.63%, which indicates that the proposed control method has feasibility and applicability.

Формально-содержательные характеристики социальной рекламы по формированию настороженного поведения в интернет-коммуникации

As teenagers and young people grow more and more dependent on online communication, they become more psychologically vulnerable to numerous potential threats that thrive on the Internet. Social advertising may help to develop the necessary risk awareness and alert behavior patterns. The article describes six Safe Internet Advertising Campaigns that popularize risk awareness in online communication. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the verbal and visual elements to identify the target audiences. The review covered publications connected with online communication risks, safe behavior, and social advertising campaigns. In terms of structure, the advertising messages included verbal and visual components with a dominant visual element. The title set consisted of a slogan and a headline, with no advertising text. Unsafe contact prevention proved to be the main topic while parents were the main target audience. The metaphor appeared to be the most popular visual stylistic device. The ads appealed to the emotions and motivation of the target audience, i.e., fear, anxiety, failure avoidance, etc. The authors also classified the advertisers, advertising statistics, RAM conductors, and strategies, as well as assessed the potential effectiveness of social advertising campaigns. The article is a summary of experience in using social advertising for developing risk awareness and alert behavior in online environment. It proves that social advertising could be an effective tool in preventing negative consequences of online communication.

Successful dental treatment using case for carpule as a distraction technique during local anesthesia: a case report

Dental anxiety is described as a feeling of apprehension followed by some fear that something might happen during dental treatment, and most of the time it is also accompanied by fear. During pediatric dental care, dental anxiety is common and can be controlled through behavioral management of the child, using traditional techniques such as “tell-show-do”, cards, videos, music, imitation, voice control and distraction. Objective: To report a clinical case of a child with Down’s Syndrome and a negative history of previous dental treatment, in which behavioral management was successfuly carried out with the distraction technique, using a case in the carpule syringe. Case report: The guardian of a child 7-year[1]old male patient with Down’s Syndrome and a negative history of previous dental treatment sought for dental treatmant. During the interview, the guardian reported the child’s negative experience due to the drastic use of restraint measures. The clinical examination revealed the presence of biofilm, active caries and an indication for extractions. As the child was resistant to treatment, behavioral management sessions were carried out. Due to the various needs for more invasive procedures, preparation for anesthesia was carried out. For this stage, an alligator-type visual distraction device was used, which acts as a cover for the carpule syringe. After correct management, the child was more receptive to treatment, which was carried out without the need for drastic physical restraint measures. Conclusion: The use of the case to camouflage the carpule proved to be effective as a behavioral management technique in improving the child’s behavior, reducing fear and decreasing anxiety.

Diffusion limited synthesis of wafer-scale covalent organic framework films for adaptative visual device

Synthesizing high-crystalline covalent organic framework films is highly desired to advance their applications in two-dimensional optoelectronics, but it remains a great challenge. Here, we report a diffusion-limited synthesis strategy for wafer-scale uniform covalent organic framework films, in which pre-deposited 4,4′,4″,4‴-(1,3,6,8-Tetrakis(4-aminophenyl) pyrene is encapsulated on substrate surface with a layer of covalent organic framework prepolymer. The polymer not only prevents the dissolution of precursor, but limits the reaction with terephthalaldehyde dissolved in solution, thereby regulating the polymerization process. The size depends on growth substrates, and 4-inch films have been synthesized on silicon chips. Their structure, thickness, patterning and crystallization degree can be controlled by adjusting building blocks and polymerization chemistries, and molybdenum disulfide have been used as substrates to construct vertical heterostructure. The measurements reveal that using covalent organic framework as a photosensitive layer, the heterojunction displays enhanced photoelectric performance, which can be used to simulate the adaptative function of visual system.

Оценка подвижности зарядов в матрицах излучающих слоев органических светодиодов на основе антрацена с помощью многомасштабного моделирования

Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are actively used in contemporary displays, microdisplays and other devices for information visualization. The probability of variation of organic semiconductors molecular structures allows to tune and improve the characteristics of these devices, which is particularly important for blue OLEDs. For rational molecular design of materials for OLEDs, prediction of their properties using multiscale computer modelling is highly actual. In this study, this method is applied to address charge-transport properties of the films of four carbazole- and anthracene-based hosts, which are used in light-emitting layers of OLEDs. Reorganization energies, standard deviation of frontier orbital energy levels, and charge transfer integrals were calculated and compared. Finally, charge mobilities were calculated from these parameters, and the former were found to differ in four orders of magnitude. It was found that carbazole-based host mCP.

COMPARISON BETWEEN THE FAST STRATEGIES OF A VIRTUAL REALITY PERIMETRY AND THE HUMPHREY FIELD ANALYZER IN PATIENTS WITH GLAUCOMA.

This study compared the agreement between the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) SITA Fast strategy and a novel virtual reality head-mounted visual perimetry device (VisuALL) in glaucoma patients. This is prospective observational study. This study was conducted on 62 eyes of 39 glaucoma subjects. All participants had visual field testing with the VisuALL AVAFAST strategy and the HFA (24-2, Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm FAST). The mean sensitivity of the whole visual field (VF) and each quadrant was compared between both machines. Additionally, the pattern deviation (PD) plot was analyzed to compare the agreement of both devices to detect localized VF defects. Correlation and agreement between the mean sensitivity of the fast strategies from VisuALL and HFA. The global mean sensitivity of the VisuALL and the HFA correlated significantly (r = 0.60, P < 0.001) and was in agreement (r= 0.73, P < 0.001). The detection of visual field defects in all quadrants was also moderately correlated and in agreement. Participants overwhelmingly preferred the VisuALL over the conventional SAP (80%). Although the mean sensitivity and ability to detect localized visual field defects of the VisuALL were correlated and in agreement with the HFA, this was only moderate. This indicates that the VisuALL AVAFast strategy must be used with caution.