Communication Devices Research Articles

Effective research communication in education: Early years practitioners' views of research summaries

AbstractFor educational research findings to impact educational practice, effective communication is essential. One communication device is a summary that consolidates research literature and presents it in a practitioner‐friendly format. There has been little research on how to design educational research summaries effectively, especially not for early years practitioners. In this study, I interviewed eight early years practitioners aiming to understand how they engage with research summaries. I collated a booklet of five research summaries to stimulate discussion during semi‐structured interviews. I identified five overarching themes across the interviews using reflexive thematic analysis, most of which reflected and enhanced findings from the existing research‐practice literature. For example, writing style and aesthetic design affected practitioners' engagement and reading strategies, where practitioners reported issues with excessively ‘wordy’ summaries and summaries written by authors without teaching experience. Practitioners reported lack of time to engage with research, which particularly influenced their preference for explicit practical implications over theoretical knowledge, despite showing that they were capable of critically reflecting on the research given the opportunity. These insights suggest that time—rather than ability—may be particularly problematic for recent attempts encouraging practitioners to actively engage with research. There were also some early years specific barriers, including that most summaries relate to older children who can read or write and therefore have limited relevance for early years. These findings deepen our current understanding of how education practitioners engage with research, providing specific direction for future research which meets practitioners' needs and contributes towards narrowing the research‐practice gap.

Research and Development of an Experimental Device for Military Communication Using Multi-level Amplitude Shift Keying

Ensuring "timely, accurate, confidential, and secure" communication is a core requirement for military communication systems. Traditional communication systems often use amplitude modulation (AM) due to its simple design and ease of implementation. However, the major drawback of AM is its high sensitivity to noise, making it suitable only for long-wave transmissions, such as AM radio, and challenging to integrate modern technologies like 4G and 5G into military communication systems. This paper presents the research and development of an experimental military communication device using multi-level shift keying (MASK) modulation. The study explores the mathematical foundation, design, and construction of the MASK modulation and demodulation system. The experimental device was tested under varying noise levels and transmission conditions to evaluate its performance. Results indicate that the MASK-based system significantly improves noise resistance compared to AM systems, ensuring reliable communication even in high-interference environments. These findings demonstrate the potential of MASK for integration into next-generation military communication systems, addressing the stringent demands of modern combat and adverse conditions.

Construction of an Experimental Device for Military Communication Using Binary Amplitude Shift Keying

Aims: To address the core requirement for military communication systems—ensuring "timely, accurate, confidential, and secure" communication—this study aims to overcome the limitations of traditional amplitude modulation (AM) methods by developing a modern experimental device using Binary Amplitude Shift Keying (BASK) modulation. Study Design: Traditional military communication systems rely on AM modulation due to its simplicity and ease of implementation. However, AM is susceptible to noise, suitable only for long-wave transmissions (e.g., AM radio), and struggles to integrate with modern technologies like 4G and 5G. To address these challenges, this study explores the mathematical foundation and system design of BASK modulation and demodulation. Methodology: The research investigates the mathematical principles of BASK, designs the system architecture for BASK modulation and demodulation, and develops an experimental device to validate the performance of the BASK-based communication model. Results: The study successfully developed an experimental device that demonstrates the feasibility of using BASK modulation for military communication. The device provides a platform for practical testing and verification of the BASK model, laying the groundwork for further advancements. Conclusion: This research provides a foundation for modernizing military communication devices. By overcoming the limitations of traditional methods and facilitating the integration of advanced technologies, the proposed device meets the stringent requirements of military environments.

The Road to Commercializing Optical Metasurfaces: Current Challenges and Future Directions.

Optical metasurfaces, components composed of artificial nanostructures, are recognized for pushing boundaries of wavefront manipulation while maintaining a lightweight, compact design that surpasses conventional optics. Such advantages align with the current trends in optical systems, which demand compact communication devices and immersive holographic projectors, driving significant investment from the industry. Although interest in commercialization of optical metasurfaces has steadily grown since the initial breakthrough with diffraction-limited focusing, their practical applications have remained limited by challenges such as, massive-production yield, absence of standardized evaluation methods, and constrained design methodology. Here, this Perspective addresses the challenges in commercialization of optical metasurfaces, particularly focused on mass production, fabrication tolerance, performance evaluation, and integration into commercial systems. Additionally, we select the fields where metasurfaces may soon play significant roles and provide a perspective on their potentials. By addressing the challenges and exploring the solutions, this Perspective aims to foster discussions that will accelerate the utilization of optical metasurfaces and further build near-future metaphotonics platforms.

Printed textile metasurfaces for gain and directivity enhancement

Abstract Wearable printed electronics are of significant recent interest for use in on-body communication devices, including antennas that are readily integrated into textiles using additive manufacturing. Directly printing the device onto textile reduces the need for costly, time-intensive processing steps; however, textile substrates impose design and performance limitations given that the design must be compatible with on-body usage and must also remain below maximum safe radiation levels. Herein, we present a passive solution for improving the performance of a commercial off the shelf omnidirectional antenna using textile metasurfaces. A modular system was developed for gain enhancement and pattern shaping using three metasurface elements with a band stop resonance at 6 GHz, where reflection is used to enhance gain. The versatility of a wearable metasurface is demonstrated for two of the designs which also offer a band pass at 2.4 GHz. Radiation pattern measurements conducted in an anechoic chamber showed that the metasurface achieved a gain improvement of up to 7.2 dB. This methodology enables a wearable, low-profile, passive, and non-destructive system for the improvement of existing wearable communication devices.

Analysis and Design of a Six-Port Network Based on a Modified Schiffman Phase Shifter

Purpose: This study presents a novel design of a six-port network based on a modified Schiffman phase shifter operating at a 90±2° phase shift. Design/ Methodology/ Approach: The research methodology encompasses a comprehensive literature review, the analysis, design and simulation of the novel phase shifter, its integration into a six-port network, layout design and subsequent post-layout simulation, and comparative analysis to evaluate the new design's performance. Findings: The schematic results showed an operational bandwidth from 5.52 GHz to 12.21 GHz, translating to a fractional bandwidth of 75.47% with a maximum phase error of ±1.8° for the 90° phase shift. Also, the post-layout simulation results from momentum demonstrated outstanding performance with an operation frequency band spanning from 5.52 GHz to 12.21 GHz, representing a factional bandwidth of 75.47% and ±2.1° phase error across the entire band. In addition, good impedance matching was achieved at all the ports well below -10 dB. Practical Implications: It also finds application in satellite communications, where beamforming enhances signal strength and quality by directing the signal towards specific locations on Earth, and antenna arrays for satellite uplink and downlink antennas adjust the beam direction and coverage area dynamically. Social Implications: The social impact of this work includes high-performing communication devices for current and future generations, more accurate measurements, particularly wearable devices in healthcare for monitoring human vitals, weather monitoring systems, high-precision radar systems, wireless gadgets, high-data-rate communication systems, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Originality and Value: The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by introducing an innovative design that addresses the limitations of phase accuracy and bandwidth in Six-Port Networks.

We All Need at Least One Friend Who Understands What We Do Not Say: A Scoping Review of Friendship and Augmentative and Alternative Communication.

The purpose of this scoping review was to understand what is known about the friendships of individuals who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices. Because communication is important to friendship, severe communication impairment may impact the establishment or maintenance of friendships in unique and important ways. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for scoping reviews and Covidence software using an established set of operationally defined inclusion criteria supported the identification of the 46 papers included in this review. Included papers presented original data on the friendships of individuals with disabilities (acquired and developmental) who could benefit from AAC across the lifespan. Data were extracted to identify features of the body of literature and to identify themes that could inform future research and clinical practice. Themes identified from the included studies related to how friendship is defined, supports for friendship formation and maintenance, help and care in friendships, positive outcomes, barriers, the impact of AAC, and recommendations for moving clinical practice and research forward. Friendships are chosen relationships that stem from congruences in perspectives between two individuals. People who use AAC, like the broader population, are likely to seek out and maintain friendships with people who are similar to them: people who share personality traits, past experiences (including experiencing disability), interests, and activities. Creative solutions are needed to increase the independence of disabled children and adults to meet and engage with new people with a variety of lived experiences. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28119857.

Enhanced microwave performance in spinel dielectric ceramics using entropy strategy for 5G/6G communication devices

Microwave dielectric ceramics are favored materials for microwave devices because of their stable dielectric properties. However, balancing the interdependent relationships among the dielectric constant (εr), quality factor (Q × f), and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) to meet the technical specifications of microwave dielectric components (low εr, high Q × f, and near-zero τf) remains a significant challenge. This paper reports a type of high-entropy spinel ceramic Mg3AlGaTi0.5Sn0.5O8. The relationships between configuration entropy, mechanical properties, and microwave dielectric properties (MDPs) of the ceramic were systematically investigated. Adjusting configuration entropy enhances phase stability, attributed to the high disorder in the ceramic caused by Ga3+ ion doping. With an entropy value of 1.56R, the ceramic achieved optimal MDPs, including a low εr of 9.87, a high Q × f of 132,564 GHz, and a near-zero of τf –10.8 ppm/°C. Designing a dielectric resonant antenna with high-entropy ceramic Mg3AlGaTi0.5Sn0.5O8 as the resonator can meet 5G/6G communication requirements. This study demonstrates that a high-entropy strategy can significantly improve the MDPs of spinel ceramics, expanding the materials suitable for microwave device applications.

Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> 980/1550 nm wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer based on segmented cascaded multimode interference

On-chip erbium-doped/erbium-ytterbium co-doped waveguide amplifiers (EDWAs/EYCDWAs) have received extensive research attention in recent years, As an important component of EDWA, there has been relatively little research on integrated wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing devices for 980 nm pump light and 1550 nm signal light. This article aims to propose a compact Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> 980 / 1550 nm wavelength diplexer based on multimode interference effects. The device employs a structure of symmetric interference and paired interference cascade, which reduces the total length of the segmented multimode interference waveguide to one-third of the ordinary paired multimode interference waveguide without using any complex structures such as subwavelength gratings to regulate the beat length of the pump and signal light. The three-dimensional finite difference time domain (3D-FDTD) tool was used to analyze and optimize the established model. The results demonstrate that the designed MMI diplexer has low insertion loss and high process tolerance, with an insertion loss of 0.4 dB at 980 nm and 0.8 dB at 1550 nm, and the extinction ratios are both better than 16 dB. Moreover, the 1-dB bandwidth is up to 150 nm around the 1550 nm wavelength and up to 70 nm around the 980 nm wavelength. The segmented structure designed in the article greatly reduces the design difficulty of MMI devices and reduces the overall size of 980 / 1550 nm wavelength division multiplexers/demultiplexers. It is expected to be applied in on-chip integrated erbium-doped waveguide amplifiers and lasers. In addition, the segmented design approach of cascading the hybrid multimode interference mechanism provides a technical reference for separating two optical signals with far apart center wavelengths such as 800 / 1310 nm and 1550 / 2000 nm, and has potential application value in communication and mid infrared diplexing devices.

Thermal management broadband-emitting device based on VO2 applied in the mid-infrared band.

Mid-infrared thermal radiation has attracted attention due to its wide range of applications. Compared to the static process of thermal emission, if thermal radiation can be dynamically controlled, it would be more suitable for practical applications. Herein, we designed a controllable thermal emitter based on phase change materials. When the temperature changes from low to high, VO2 transitions from a dielectric state to a metallic state, and its imaginary part of the dielectric constant significantly increases, leading to differences in emission characteristics. At low temperatures, the device is in a low dielectric state and resonates weakly with incident light. The main emission comes from the bottom of the grating structure, with an emissivity of 0.21. At high temperatures, the structure is in a high dielectric state, and multiple resonance modes are excited within the structure, such as cavity resonance and surface plasmon resonance, which increases the emissivity to 0.95 and achieves effective heat dissipation. Given its superior thermal management capabilities and stability, this design holds promise for applications in thermal imaging, infrared communication, and energy-efficient devices.

Assessing the antenna performance (radiated power) and electromagnetic impact (SAR) on a user of a wearable RF communication device, involving variously structured models

Assessing the antenna performance (radiated power) and electromagnetic impact (SAR) on a user of a wearable RF communication device, involving variously structured models

Temperature dependent trion induced tunability of terahertz signal response enabled by intraband transitions in monolayer WS2

Recently, unexplored thermally excited trions interaction with THz radiation has garnered significant attention to design highly-efficient communication devices. Moreover, the challenge is to play with thermally excited trions present in...

Impact of Communication Device Installation Rate on Vehicle Behavior Stability in V2X-Based Freeway Merging Assistance Systems

Impact of Communication Device Installation Rate on Vehicle Behavior Stability in V2X-Based Freeway Merging Assistance Systems

Resilient control center to substation device communication

Resilient control center to substation device communication

Reliable and secure control center to station device communication

Reliable and secure control center to station device communication

Linguistic Features and Symbolic Communication in Àgídìgbo Music of the Yorùbá of Southwestern Nigeria

Music and language are inseparable, their relationship manifests in various contexts. Àgídìgbo music is one of the traditional music through which Yorùbá language is expressed and preserved because musicians usually deploy certain linguistic elements and communication devices in navigating their artistic creativity. Existing studies on music have not sufficiently examined how language, text and interpretation make sense in àgídìgbo music. This paper therefore, examined how language, text and interpretation in àgídìgbo music are used in express linguistic features, symbolic communication and nuances in African language. Ethnographic design was used and a purposive sampling technique was deployed to select three notable àgídìgbo exponents in Èrúwà (Oyo state), Abeòkúta (Ogun state) and Ìwó (Osun state) all in southwest Nigeria where àgídìgbo music performance is prevalent. Observation and In-depth interviews were employed as methods of data collection during social ceremonies of the key informants. Musical excerpts were recorded from live performances and data were subjected to content analyses. The findings revealed that the linguistic elements used in àgídìgbo music were proverbs and figures of speech such as hyperbole, metaphors, simile, fable, parables, repetition and digression clearly expressed communication device and nuances in Yorùbá language. The versatility and musical prowess of àgídìgbo musicians are not only measured by their virtuosity on the instrument but also by their ability to use the right and appropriate language elements such as òwe and other figures of speech in driving home their points thereby making àgídìgbo music to serve as repository for future generation.

A Review on Multi-Geometrical Antenna Reflector

Parabolic antennas are among the most important devices for long-distance communications because of their significant advantages in terms of directivity, gain, and power handling capabilities. Hat feeds are frequently used as feeders for parabolic antennas because they exhibit low levels of cross-polarisation, low sidelobes, and low reflection coefficients. However, hat feeds possess a limited impedance bandwidth (IBW) range of just 30% and are not suitable for use in wideband applications. More work is being done with the objective of increasing the hat feed’s bandwidth capacity. The fundamental structure of a hat feed comprises a hat sub-reflector, circular waveguide, and dielectric material to provide structural support. The hat feeder had a bandwidth capacity of 10% at first. Later, the Chinese hat feed was introduced and used, resulting in a notable enhancement of the bandwidth, with an increase of 18%. The hat feed's geometric structure is redesigned with the help of a generic algorithm optimisation to further enhance the bandwidth, resulting in a 33% improvement.

High Performance of Cs2AgBiBr6 Perovskite-based Photodetectors by Adding DEAC.

Perovskite-based photodetectors (PDs) are broadly utilized in optical communication, non-destructive testing, and smart wearable devices due to their ability to convert light into electrical signals. However, toxicity and instability hold back their mass production and commercialization. The lead-free Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite film, promised to be an alternative, is fabricated by electrophoretic deposition (EPD), which compromises film quality. Herein, we improved the quality of the Cs2AgBiBr6 films and the performance of PDs by adding N-acetylethylenediamine (DEAC) to Cs2AgBiBr6 perovskite precursor for EPD, in which the ligand DEAC provides a pair of lone electrons to Bi3+, forming coordinate covalent bonds. The optimized PDs have high detectivity, up to 4.4×1012 Jones, and high stability in the air. The high-performance, flexible Cs2AgBiBr6 perovskite PDs were fabricated on this basis, it also achieved the detectivity up to 3.2×1012 Jones with excellent bending cycle stability. These results propose a feasible approach to improving the crystallization of double perovskite thin films by introducing ligands during the EPD process. Furthermore, they demonstrate enhanced optoelectronic performance, indicating that this method is also applicable to halide perovskites, offering an effective strategy to improve their film quality.

Enhancement on thermal management and mechanical properties of cellulose nanofiber films through synergistic filler construction and interface optimization

AbstractThis study is aimed at developing composite films with superior thermal management performance in an attempt to solve challenge rising from heat accumulation in modern high‐frequency broadband communication devices. To effectively address the interface thermal resistance (ITR) of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) in the composites, cobalt nanoparticles were coated onto edge‐oxidized graphene to in‐situ form a hybrid filler (EGO@Co), which was then uniformly incorporated into the carboxymethyl cellulose nanofiber (c‐CNF) matrix. A vacuum‐assisted filtration was employed to fabricate EGO@Co/c‐CNF thermally conductive multi‐layered composite films. In‐situ growth of heterogeneous structure filler Co helped to extend the thermal paths and optimize the heat transfer networks. The incorporation of edge oxidation was found to facilitate the strong hydrogen bonding interactions between filler and matrix, constructing an efficient three‐dimensional (3D) thermal conduction network, significantly enhancing both heat flux and stress transfer efficiency. After hot‐pressed, the EGO@Co40/c‐CNF films exhibited an outstanding thermal conductivity (λǁ ~ 28.4 W m−1 K−1 and λ⊥ ~ 1.1 W m−1 K−1) in addition to a high tensile strength. The optimization on the thermal filler construction and interface modification have proved to significantly enhance the microstructure and properties of the composite films, which helps to pave the way for practical opportunities in the application of novel thermally conductive materials in the TMMs fields.Highlights Cobalt nanoparticles enhanced thermal conductivity of composites. EGO strengthened filler‐matrix hydrogen bonding. Vacuum‐assisted filtration produced multi‐layered composite films. EGO@Co/c‐CNF films displayed high thermal conductivity. Thermal filler optimization boosted mechanical and thermal properties.

К вопросу о криминализации использования оборудования типа SIM-бокс (SIM-банк) в России и за рубежом

The article examines the feasibility of a criminal law assessment regarding the use of SIM box (SIM bank) equipment. The application of such communication devices is currently widespread in the commission of vari-ous crimes, including telephone fraud and knowingly false reports of acts of terrorism. The functional capabili-ties of the aforementioned equipment facilitate the automation of criminal activities and complicate the identifi-cation of individuals receiving communication services, in violation of existing legislation. Consequently, the use of SIM box (SIM bank) equipment exhibits a distinct societal danger, as it undermines the public relations associated with ensuring the normal operation of public communication networks and the provision of commu-nication services. Moreover, in several foreign jurisdictions, including countries of the former socialist legal sys-tem (such as Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan), criminal liability for engaging in activities involving such equip-ment has already been established. Based on an analysis of the distinctive features of this type of equipment, the provisions of legislation from various states, draft normative legal acts, as well as an examination of media reports, the author proposes to supplement Chapter 28 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with a new Article 274.3, which would stipulate criminal liability for engaging in mass telephone calls in violation of existing legislation in the field of communication. In conclusion, tackling the criminalization of SIM box (SIM bank) usage is an urgent requirement in modern legal discussions. This effort is essential for strengthening the integrity of communication networks and protecting public interests in the face of rapidly changing technologi-cal and criminal environments. The study utilized methods including formal-logical analysis and literal interpre-tation.