Collection Device Research Articles

Proteomic Analysis of Salivary Secretions from the Tea Green Leafhopper, Empoasca flavescens Fabrecius.

Saliva plays a crucial role in shaping the compatibility of piercing-sucking insects with their host plants. Understanding the complex composition of leafhopper saliva is important for developing effective and eco-friendly control strategies for the tea green leafhopper, Empoasca flavescens Fabrecius, a major piercing-sucking pest in Chinese tea plantations. This study explored the saliva proteins of tea green leafhopper adults using a custom collection device, consisting of two layers of Parafilm stretched over a sucrose diet. A total of 152 proteins were identified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) following the filter-aided sample preparation (FASP). These proteins were categorized into six groups based on their functions, including enzymes, transport proteins, regulatory proteins, cell structure proteins, other proteins, and unknown proteins. Bioinformatics analyses predicted 16 secreted proteins, which were successfully cloned and transcriptionally analyzed across various tissues and developmental stages. Genes encoding putative salivary secretory proteins, including Efmucin1, EfOBP1, EfOBP2, EfOBP3, Efmucin2, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (EfLRP), EFVg1, and EFVg2, exhibited high expressions in salivary gland (SG) tissues and feeding-associated expressions at different developmental stages. These findings shed light on the potential elicitors or effectors mediating the leafhopper feeding and defense responses in tea plants, providing insights into the coevolution of tea plants and leafhoppers. The study's conclusions open avenues for the development of innovative leafhopper control technologies that reduce the reliance on pesticides in the tea industry.

Spongy and anti-pollution MXene/Ag2S/cellulose acetate membrane for sustainable solar-driven interfacial evaporation and water purification

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SIE) technology stands out as a promising approach for seawater desalination, leveraging solar energy efficiently in an environmentally friendly manner. However, the enrichment of organic pollutants on the interfacial evaporator has posed significant obstacles to the sustained implementation of SIE. Herein, a spongy, anti-pollution cellulose acetate membrane consisting of Ag2S-doping MXene nanosheets (MT-Ag2S/CAM) is proposed for sustainable desalination. The MT-Ag2S/CAM exhibited ultralow water vaporization enthalpy of 1.50 kJ g−1. Meanwhile, the MT-Ag2S/CAM, featured by high porosity (75.25 %), excellent light absorption and salt resistance, demonstrated a notable solar-driven evaporation rate of 1.8 kg m−2h−1 and a remarkable photothermal conversation efficiency of 91.6 % under one sun irradiation. Meanwhile, MT-Ag2S/CAM can realize a removal efficiency of 93.3 % for methylene blue, exhibiting outstanding anti-pollution and self-cleaning capabilities as well as long-term stability due to its strong mechanical properties. Finally, a device for sustainable desalination, water purification and clean water collection is designed and implemented in a practical SIE process.

Adaptively resettable microfluidic patch for sweat rate and electrolytes detection

Skin-interfaced microfluidic patch has become a reliable device for sweat collection and analysis. However, the intractable problems of emptying the microchannel for reuse, and the channel's volumetric capacity limited by the size of the patch, directly hinder the practical application of sweat sensors. Herein, we report an adaptively resettable microfluidic sweat patch (Art-Sweat patch) capable of continuously monitoring both sweat rate (0.2–4.0 μL min−1) and total ionic charge concentration (10–200 mmol L−1). We develop a platform with a vertical and horizontal microchannel combined strategy, enabling repeatedly filling sweat and emptying the microchannel for autonomously resetting and detecting. The variation in the emptied volume is designed to be adaptively identified by the sensor, resulting in enhanced stability and an enlarged volumetric capacity of over 300 μL. By integrating with self-designed wireless transmission modules, the proposed Art-Sweat patch shows product-level wearability and high performance in monitoring variations in regional sweat rate and concentration for hydration status assessment.

The Public's Intended Uptake of Hypothetical Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Screening Scenarios: A Nationwide Survey.

Screening for early esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) may potentially reduce EAC-related mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to examine the Dutch population's intended uptake of 3 hypothetical EAC screening test scenarios and preferences for potential future organization. A total of 8,350 Dutch individuals aged 45-75 years were invited, of whom 2,258 completed a web-based survey. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 hypothetical screening test scenarios (i.e., transnasal endoscopy, ingestible cell collection device, or breath analysis). The primary outcome was intended uptake. Secondary outcomes included acceptance of screening eligibility criteria and preferences regarding invitation, counseling, and diagnostic follow-up. We performed exploratory univariable and multivariable regression analyses to assess which determinants were associated with EAC screening intent. Intended uptake of screening was highest in the breath analysis scenario (95%), followed by conventional upper endoscopy (78%), an ingestible cell collection device (75%), and transnasal endoscopy (68%) ( P < 0.001). Anticipating discomfort was most strongly associated with decreased intention to undergo transnasal endoscopy (odds ratio 0.18, 95% confidence interval 0.11-0.29) or swallow a cell collection device (odds ratio 0.20, 95% confidence interval 0.13-0.32). Cancer worry and high acceptance of test sensitivity/specificity were consistently associated with a positive intention to participate in screening. Inviting persons for screening based on gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms, age, or the output of a risk prediction model was acceptable to 74%, 69%, and 66%, respectively. Inviting only men was acceptable for only 41% of women. The majority (58%) preferred to be invited by a public health organization, and 32% of the participants preferred to discuss their decision to participate with a healthcare professional. Participants in this study self-selected through a web-based survey, potentially introducing selection bias. Participants generally intended to participate in EAC screening, although the level of intent depended on the discomfort and performance associated with the offered screening test. Determining eligibility based on gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms, age, or a risk calculator, but not sex, would be acceptable to most individuals.

Inclined solar interface evaporation system with downward steam generation for efficient desalination and salt crystallization positioning

Solar-driven Interfacial Vapor Generation (SIVG) has been recognized as a potentially effective method of converting seawater into potable freshwater resources. In this work, we employed a straightforward approach to cultivate CuS and polypyrrole on copper foam as an solar absorber, while sterilized face towels served as water an evaporation interface and water transport sites. An inclined steam blocking evaporator with a salt-out part that attracts salt aggregation was ingeniously designed to improve the salt-resistant performance. Even in 15 wt% brine, the evaporation equipment maintained a stable and high evaporation rate, with an average evaporation rate of about 1.588 kg m−2 h−1 under 1 solar illumination. More particularly, in order to improve the water collection rate, a beveled condensers placed at the bottom of the steam blocking evaporator was customized, so as to shorten the steam condensation path and achieve internal water collection. Therefore, the water collection rate of the evaporator is as high as 2.238 kg m−2 h−1 and water collection efficiency is 85.90 %. Additionally, the evaporation device can effectively purify heavy metal ions and organic matter. This study can provide a new idea for the design and performance improvement of solar interfacial vapor generation and water collection device.

A research on the effect of plasma spectrum collection device on LIBS spectral intensity

Only a small amount of spectral information is collected because the collection solid angle of the optical fiber probe and lens is very limited when collecting spectral information. To overcome this limitation, this study presents a novel method for acquiring plasma spectral information from various spatial directions. A parabolic-shaped plasma spectral collection device (PSCD) is employed to effectively collect more spectral information into the spectrometer, thereby enhancing the overall spectral intensity. The research objects in this study were soil samples containing different concentrations of heavy metals Pb, Cr, and Cd. The results indicate that the PSCD significantly enhances the spectral signal, with an enhancement rate of up to 45%. Moreover, the signal-to-noise ratio also increases by as much as 36%. Simultaneously, when compared to the absence of a device, it is found that there is no significant variation in plasma temperature when the PSCD is utilized. This observation eliminates the impact of the spatial effect caused by the PSCD on the spectral intensity. Consequently, a concentration-spectral intensity relationship curve is established under the PSCD. The results revealed that the linear fitting R 2 for Pb, Cr, and Cd increased by 0.011, 0.001, and 0.054, respectively. Additionally, the limit of detection (LOD) decreased by 0.361 ppm, 0.901 ppm, and 0.602 ppm, respectively. These findings indicate that the spectral enhancement rate elevates with the increase in heavy metal concentration. Hence, the PSCD can effectively enhance the spectral intensity and reduce the detection limit of heavy metals in soil.

A UAV-Borne Six-Vessel Negative-Pressure Enrichment Device with Filters Designed to Collect Infectious Fungal Spores in Rice Fields

Fungal spores that cause infectious fungal diseases in rice are mainly transmitted through air. The existing fixed, portable or vehicle-mounted fungal spore collection devices used for rice infectious diseases have several disadvantages, such as low efficiency, large volume, low precision and incomplete information. In this study, a mobile fungal spore collection device is designed, consisting of six filters called “Capture-A”, which can collect spores and other airborne particles onto a filter located on a rotating disc of six filters that can be rotated to a position allowing for the capture of six individual samples. They are captured one at a time and designed and validated by capturing spores above the rice field, and the parameters of the key components of the collector are optimized through fluid simulation and verification experiments. The parameter combination of the “Capturer-A” in the best working state is as follows: sampling vessel filter screen with aperture size of 0.150 mm, bent air duct with inner diameter of 20 mm, negative pressure fan with 1500 Pa and spore sampling of cylindrical shape. In the field test, the self-developed “Capturer-A” was compared with the existing “YFBZ3” (mobile spore collection device made by Yunfei Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, China). The two devices were experimented on at 15 sampling points in three diseased rice fields, and the samples were examined and counted under a microscope in the laboratory. It was found that the spores of rice blast disease and rice flax spot disease of rice were contained in the samples; the number of samples collected by a single sampling vessel of “Capturer-A” was about twice that of the device “YFBZ3”in the test.

Surveillance Working Groups as Geomedia Governance

Municipalities across the US are investing in smart technologies that rely on data collection tools and devices. Though proposals to procure these technologies often describe the benefits of optimization, privacy concerns and asymmetrical data access remain. Some municipalities are working to minimize such concerns by developing community working groups to evaluate the adoption of surveillance technologies. Many of these organizations have an explicit interest in geomedia technologies, yet their goals, composition, and technology review processes differ. We examined working groups from four US cities—Boston, Seattle, Syracuse, and Vallejo—to identify how group members articulate different sociotechnical imaginaries of geomedia. Through interviews with working group members and an analysis of public documents, we examine how working groups imagine the future use, and misuse, of these technologies in their communities. In turn, this project highlights how multi-stakeholder governance can shape decision-making about geomedia futures.

Research progress in female pelvic floor rehabilitation aids.

Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) is a common clinical problem that can lead to bladder and bowel dysfunction such as urinary incontinence, urinary retention, fecal incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and sexual dysfunction. Pelvic floor rehabilitation aids are essential tools in the treatment of PFD. However, there is limited understanding of the efficacy and mechanisms of these aids, and there is a lack of standardized guidelines for selecting appropriate aids for different types of PFD. To assist patients in choosing suitable pelvic floor rehabilitation aids to their needs, it is necessary to summarize the existing types, mechanisms, and applications of these aids. Based on their mechanisms and target functions, pelvic floor rehabilitation aids can be mainly categorized into 3 main types. The first type includes aids that improve pelvic floor function, such as vaginal dumbbells, vaginal tampons, and vaginal dilators, which aim to strengthen pelvic floor muscles and enhance the contractility of the urethral, vaginal, and anal sphincters, thereby improving incontinence symptoms. The second type consists of aids that mechanically block the outlet, such as pessaries, urethral plugs, incontinence pads, incontinence pants, anal plugs, and vaginal bowel control systems, which directly or indirectly prevent incontinence leakage. The third type includes aids that assist in outlet drainage, such as catheters and anal excreta collection devices, which help patients effectively expel urine, feces, and other waste materials, preventing incontinence leakage. By summarizing the existing pelvic floor rehabilitation aids, personalized guidance can be provided to patients with PFD, helping them select the appropriate aids for their rehabilitation needs.

Simulation and Analysis of Optimal Power Injection System Based on Intelligent Controller

Many countries are seeing significant improvements in the fields of building, urban planning, technology, network management, and the need for diverse forms of energy and different generating techniques, as well as the necessity for low and middle distributing voltage in all areas. Depending on the needs of the user, starting needs, capacity, intended usage, waste output, and economic efficiency, many methods are used to generate this energy. To solve the problems brought on by the suggested excessive voltage of the provided system, energy collection devices can be used, and they can be used efficiently with smart grid intelligent control systems. A mathematical model was developed with four main components: simulation, correlation, and evaluation following the solar the program was set of photovoltaic panels solar panels, An Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) controller based on Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), as well as 600-volt electric network, in order to examine and analyze the viability of the proposed network collaboration and storage of electricity in private photovoltaic networks based on solar energy. This phase next looks at the output power impact on the network, as well as the influence of network temperature and coincident radiation. An analysis was conducted to ascertain the impact of these basic limitations on actual use. This section covers the computer simulation of the proposed system. The final section contains the created system's block diagram. The system's input light is transformed into electricity that circulates in this system's power. The main electrical system with a 600-volt capacity can use this energy. The suggested system was evaluated using MATLAB simulation tapes and graphing for each system component, and the simulation outcomes of the entire system were considered.

Abstract 3670: Reducing the patient burden for ctDNA biomarkers: Advancing small volume home-based collection technologies

Abstract There is broad consensus from regulatory agencies, clinicians and patients for the need to move to decentralized trials while focusing on patient-centric approaches with the COVID-19 pandemic being the catalyst. This requires the development of new sample collection capabilities and workflows to ensure that the necessary biomarkers can be measured. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has become an increasingly important biomarker for cancer detection and genetics, and monitoring patients during treatment. Typical measurements of ctDNA involve venous draws of &amp;gt;10mls of whole blood that require patients to be in clinic. Here, we test the feasibility of using a new collection device, Tasso+, to collect capillary blood for ctDNA analysis using the Guardant360 panel. A pilot of whole blood microsamples (&amp;lt; 1 mL) with a cfDNA yield of 0.7-1.4 ng/ml spiked to 0.5% MAF with Seraseq ctDNA reference material. This resulted in detection of ~20% of the total expected variants across variant classes showing the feasibility of using the G360 panel to detect low volume/low MAF samples. Initial testing of Tasso+ collected samples revealed a 5-10x increase in high MW gDNA compared to traditional venipuncture. SPRI bead-based size selection was used in the extraction protocol to remove &amp;gt;95% of the high MW DNA, resulting in a 35% loss of target cfDNA fraction. Traditional venipuncture samples and Tasso+ samples were collected from 5 cancer patients and run using the G360 platform. Microsamples detected 75% of the variants across all variant classes found in venipuncture samples. Tasso+ lost sensitivity of variants when the MAF was &amp;lt;0.5%. To expand usage of Tasso+ to at-home collection of blood for ctDNA analysis, we sought to determine if lyophilization of the Streck DNA BCT RUO tube reagent could still provide stability to samples and a potential framework for at-home collections. Venipuncture and Tasso+ samples were collected from control patients, pooled and spiked with Seraseq cfDNA reference material. Samples were aliquoted into standard liquid Streck tubes or tubes with lyophilized reagent at the concentration per manufacturer’s directions and evaluated for stability over time. The Tasso+ samples with a target MAF between 0.5%-2.0% detected ~26% of all variants compared to the standard samples with a similar MAF. Lyophilization of the Streck reagent had minimal effect (&amp;lt;20% reduction in variants detected) on the reagent’s performance as there were approximately an equal number of total variants detected when comparing liquid and lyophilized samples for both the standard tubes and Tasso+ samples. Overall, these results provide support and a framework for using a home-based patient-centric sampling approach for monitoring ctDNA from cancer patients in clinical development. Citation Format: Brad R. Evans, Robert J. Foley, Steven M. Townson, Emily J. Welch, Kevin P. Bateman. Reducing the patient burden for ctDNA biomarkers: Advancing small volume home-based collection technologies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 3670.

Research on Power Load Data Acquisition and Integrated Transmission Systems in Electric Energy Calculation and Detection

This paper presents the crucial area of power load data acquisition with an integrated transmission system for precise calculation and detection of electric energy. With the advances in technology, management and optimization of energy has become critical for sustainability and economic reasons. Thus, we have targeted the cutting-edge methods for data gathering of power load along with its efficient transmission previously reviewed. We scrutinized the current methods and technologies used in power load data acquisition and identified their limitations along with areas of improvements. We followed advanced sensors and measuring devices for data collection employed an integrated transmission system with up-to-the-minute communication protocols and data processing algorithms. These were experimentally verified to improve the accuracy and reliability of the electric energy calculations. The real-world case studies were included for its practical implementations to provide an insight into its impacts. The results of this study provide a maturing outlook along with valuable analysis for electric energy calculation and detection. The system due to its potential for enhancing the energy management and efficiency can have a real-life and profound significance in sustainable and economic handling of the increasing load of energy.

Abstract 5042: Urine as a non-invasive proxy for plasma in prostate cancer-related liquid biopsy applications

Abstract Introduction: The non-invasive collection of urine renders it an attractive and pragmatic substitute for plasma in liquid biopsy applications, fostering the creation of diagnostic methods that are more patient-friendly and less cumbersome for clinicians. This study investigates the feasibility of urine-derived cfDNA as a non-invasive option for acquiring vital diagnostic insights, further enhancing the liquid biopsy field. Methods: Paired male first void urine (FVU) and venous blood samples were collected from healthy donors (n=40) using Colli-Pee UAS devices (Novosanis) and BD K2EDTA Vacutainer tubes, respectively. Out of these, 20 paired urine and blood samples were spiked with 10 ng of cfDNA reference standard containing the KRAS p.G12V mutation. ~35 ml of urinary cell-free supernatant and ~3.5 ml of plasma were obtained after centrifugation of FVU and blood sample, respectively, and used as input material for cell-free nucleic acids extraction using the nRichDX Revolution Max20 cfDNA Isolation Kit. The extracted cfDNAs profile was assessed on 4200 TapeStation System, Agilent, using cfDNA ScreenTape. Extracted nucleic acids from urine samples were subjected to a qPCR assay to quantify endogenous human cfDNA content using 2X iTaq Universal SYBR Mastermix (Bio-Rad). Human cfDNA quantity was assessed using Ct values obtained from the qPCR assay. The actionable cfDNA molecules recovery was determined by qPCR mutation detection assay using TaqMan Genotyping. Results: Male FVU collected in Colli-Pee UAS device showed the presence of 100-250 bp cell-free DNA fragments similar to plasma obtained from whole blood collected in 10 ml vacutainer tubes as demonstrated by the Agilent cfDNA ScreenTape analysis. The cfDNA yield was similar when comparing one tube of blood (~3.5 mL of plasma) to one Colli-Pee of urine (~35 mL) shown by endogenous cfDNA qPCR assay. Additionally, the amplifiability of the KRAS G12V mutation was consistent in both plasma and urine samples, with comparable Ct values. Conclusion: The nRichDX Revolution Sample Prep System demonstrates the ability to extract cfDNA from both plasma and urine samples, with comparable extraction efficiency observed between matched samples from the same donor. This study provides evidence supporting the viability of first void urine samples as a non-invasive alternative for prostate cancer-related liquid biopsy applications. It indicates that cfDNA can be recovered from a sample collected with a single BCT or Colli-Pee UAS urine collection device. Future investigations will be required to assess clinical samples and biomarkers to establish a robust correlation between cfDNA levels and various cancer types and stages. This study reinforces the utility of first void urine samples as a reliable proxy for blood-based liquid biopsy applications. Citation Format: Nafiseh Jafari, Jason Saenz, Lauren Lee, Carlos Hernandez, Andrew Dunnigan, Amit Arora, Rafal Iwasiow, Mayer Saidian. Urine as a non-invasive proxy for plasma in prostate cancer-related liquid biopsy applications [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 5042.

Assessment of Pre-analytical Errors and Fostering Strategies to Enhance Accurate Results and Efficient Turnaround Times in the Cytology Laboratory of a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Introduction Pre-analytical errors in cytology laboratories can significantly impact the accuracy of diagnostic results and turnaround times, ultimately affecting patient care. This article presents an evaluation of pre-analytical errors and proposes fostering strategies to enhance accuracy and efficiency in the cytology laboratory of a tertiary care hospital. The background discusses the importance of pre-analytical processes in ensuring reliable cytological diagnoses and the common errors encountered in specimen collection, handling, and transportation. Strategies for error reduction and improvement in turnaround times include staff education, standardization of procedures, utilization of appropriate collection and transport devices, implementation of quality control measures, and utilization of automation technologies. By addressing pre-analytical errors and implementing fostering strategies, cytology laboratories can optimize diagnostic accuracy, improve patient care outcomes, and enhance overall laboratory efficiency. Aims and objectives This study aims to assess the prevalence and nature of pre-analytical errors in the cytology laboratory of a tertiary care hospital to understand the extent of the issue, identify the specific factors contributing to pre-analytical errors like specimen collection, handling, and transportation processes, and pinpoint areas for improvement. It seeks to evaluate the impact of pre-analytical errors on the accuracy of cytological results and the efficiency of turnaround times, highlighting the consequences for patient care. Furthermore, the study aims to develop targeted strategies to minimize pre-analytical errors and enhance the accuracy of cytological results. Materials and methods This study was conducted at the Cytology Laboratory of our hospital from January 2023 to December 2023 after getting proper approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB approval number 101/02/2024/PG/SRB/SMCH). It is a retrospective analytical study, and a total of 5412 samples from patients of the outpatient (OP) department, inpatient (IP) department, and community health outreach program facilities received in the cytology laboratory were analyzed during the study period. The inclusion criteria were the test samples sent specifically for cytological analysis. The samples sent for biochemical or microbiological examination were excluded. The frequency of sample distribution and rejected samples were calculated and the results were correlated. Results A total of 5,412 samples received in the cytology laboratory were analyzed during the study period. The majority of the samples were Papanicolaou smears (2,352, 43.5%), followed by fluid cytology (1,008, 18.6%) and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC, 984, 18.2%). Of the total number of samples, 225 (4.16%) were repeated and 27 (0.5%) were rejected. Conclusions Pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical processes are the three key factors that determine the dependability and precision of cytological test results. Detecting critical alerts such as the positivity of malignancy underscores the paramount importance of result accuracy. Implementing good laboratory practices and conducting both external and internal audits can reduce the frequency of preventable errors in a cytology laboratory, thereby ensuring enhanced precision and expedited outputs.

Advanced Electrospinning Technology Applied to Polymer-Based Sensors in Energy and Environmental Applications.

Due to its designable nanostructure and simple and inexpensive preparation process, electrospun nanofibers have important applications in energy collection, wearable sports health detection, environmental pollutant detection, pollutant filtration and degradation, and other fields. In recent years, a series of polymer-based fiber materials have been prepared using this method, and detailed research and discussion have been conducted on the material structure and performance factors. This article summarizes the effects of preparation parameters, environmental factors, a combination of other methods, and surface modification of electrospinning on the properties of composite nanofibers. Meanwhile, the effects of different collection devices and electrospinning preparation parameters on material properties were compared. Subsequently, it summarized the material structure design and specific applications in wearable device power supply, energy collection, environmental pollutant sensing, air quality detection, air pollution particle filtration, and environmental pollutant degradation. We aim to review the latest developments in electrospinning applications to inspire new energy collection, detection, and pollutant treatment equipment, and achieve the commercial promotion of polymer fibers in the fields of energy and environment. Finally, we have identified some unresolved issues in the detection and treatment of environmental issues with electrospun polymer fibers and proposed some suggestions and new ideas for these issues.

Algorithm Training and Testing for a Nonendoscopic Barrett’s Esophagus Detection Test in Prospective Multicenter Cohorts

Endoscopic Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) detection is invasive and expensive. Nonendoscopic BE/EAC detection tools are guideline-endorsed alternatives. We previously described a 5-methylated DNA marker (MDM) panel assayed on encapsulated sponge cell collection device (CCD) specimens. We aimed to train a new algorithm using a 3-MDM panel and test its performance in an independent cohort. Algorithm training and test samples were from 2 prospective multicenter cohorts. All BE cases had esophageal intestinal metaplasia (with or without dysplasia/EAC); control subjects had no endoscopic evidence of BE. The CCD procedure was followed by endoscopy. From CCD cell lysates, DNA was extracted, bisulfite treated, and MDMs were blindly assayed. The algorithm was set and locked using cross-validated logistic regression (training set) and its performance was assessed in an independent test set. Training (N= 352) and test (N= 125) set clinical characteristics were comparable. The final panel included 3 MDMs (NDRG4, VAV3, ZNF682). Overall sensitivity was 82% (95% CI, 68%-94%) at 90% (79%-98%) specificity and 88% (78%-94%) sensitivity at 84% (70%-93%) specificity in training and test sets, respectively. Sensitivity was 90% and 68% for all long- and short-segment BE, respectively. Sensitivity for BE with high-grade dysplasia and EAC was 100% in training and test sets. Overall sensitivity for nondysplastic BE was 82%. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for BE detection were 0.92 and 0.94 in the training and test sets, respectively. A locked 3-MDM panel algorithm for BE/EAC detection using a nonendoscopic CCD demonstrated excellent sensitivity for high-risk BE cases in independent validation samples. (Clinical trials.gov: NCT02560623, NCT03060642.).

Design method of laboratory equipment monitoring system based on industrial internet of things

AbstractThe IoT‐based monitoring system is used to collect, transmit, analyze, and monitor industrial data in real time, as well as to monitor and operate industrial field equipment. Reduced manufacturing costs, better managerial decision‐making, and increased production efficiency are all very important. The main research results are as follows: (1) The current development of the IoT technology at home and abroad is analyzed, the overall design of the laboratory equipment monitoring system with a three‐layer three‐dimensional architecture is proposed, and its working mode and functional composition are discussed. (2) A set of PLC control system with S7‐300 PLC as the core is designed by using the laboratory CS4000 process experiment device, which realizes the functional requirements of the laboratory equipment monitoring system on‐site monitoring. The intelligent IoT gateway suitable for the system is selected as the data collection and aggregation device of the system, which fully demonstrates the great role of the IoT technology in the monitoring field. (3) A laboratory remote monitoring platform that can remotely monitor experimental data is designed and its software and hardware functions are tested. The results show that all indicators have excellent performance.

Correlation analysis and predicting modeling of pyrolysis gas based on landfill excavated waste pyrolysis characteristics

The contribution of excavated waste to waste management is multifaceted, including minimization, non-hazardous disposal, access to useable land resources, improved waste management techniques and public environmental awareness, consistent with recent circular economy initiatives. Pyrolysis can be converted into tar, pyrolysis gas and char with recyclable utilization, enriching the application of pyrolysis technology in the field of excavation waste. In this study, the pyrolysis system includes horizontal tube furnace, gas collection device and Micro GC. The excavated waste was pyrolyzed at a temperature of 500∼900 °C with a heating rate of 10 °C/min. Pyrolysis gases include H2, CO, CO2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6 and C3H8. Pyrolysis was divided into four stages, the main decomposition range is 230∼500 °C, with a weight loss rate of 68.49% and a co-pyrolysis behavior. As the temperature increases, the tar and char decreased and the gas production increased significantly, and the pyrolysis gas reached 47.02% at 900 °C. According to Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, the generation of H2 and CO is positively correlated with temperature. Therefore, the target products can be influenced by changing the parameters, when considering the practical utilization of the excavated waste pyrolysis products. On this basis, the prediction models were built by polynomial fitting method. This model can reduce the experimental exploration cycle, reduce the cost, and accurately predict the pyrolysis gas, which has practical guidance for the application of pyrolysis industry, and provides a theoretical basis for the resource recycling and energy recovery of landfill.

Evidence of ostarine excretion in oral fluid after a single controlled oral administration

The presence of ostarine, a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) in an athlete’s urine specimen constitutes one of the most frequent anti-doping rules violation as the drug is listed as a member of the S1.2 class “other anabolic agents” of the World Anti-doping Agency Prohibited List, forbidden in- and out-competition. It is possible to challenge this violation but it is at the charge of the athlete to prove innocence. The conditions to evidence no fault or negligence are mostly based on 2 points: 1. the athlete must present verified circumstances of contamination and the source of contamination must be identified; and 2. there must be verified claims by the athlete that the violation was not intentional.Some months before the Olympic games, a female athlete was suspended by a national anti-doping agency because of an adverse analytical finding for ostarine. She claimed that her violation was due to drug transfer when kissing her boyfriend, who did not inform her about his ostarine daily intake. To document this claim (excretion of ostarine in oral fluid in sufficient amounts), a male volunteer ingested 17.3 mg of ostarine (dose verified by 1H NMR). Oral fluid was collected over 8 h using the NeoSal™ collection device and was tested by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Maximal ostarine concentration was 468 ng/mL at T + 15 min, which can also be partially attributed to mouth contamination. Ostarine was detectable during the whole period of test, with concentrations at 1–2 ng/mL after T + 4 h. These results support drug transfer during kissing and subsequent possible contamination of the partner.

Assessing the current utilization status of wearable devices in clinical research.

Information regarding the use of wearable devices in clinical research, including disease areas, intervention techniques, trends in device types, and sample size targets, remains elusive. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive review of clinical research trends related to wristband wearable devices in research planning and examined their applications in clinical investigations. As this study identified trends in the adoption of wearable devices during the planning phase of clinical research, including specific disease areas and targeted number of intervention cases, we searched ClinicalTrials.gov-a prominent platform for registering and disseminating clinical research. Since wrist-worn devices represent a large share of the market, we focused on wrist-worn devices and selected the most representative models among them. The main analysis focused on major wearable devices to facilitate data analysis and interpretation, but other wearables were also surveyed for reference. We searched ClinicalTrials.gov with the keywords "ActiGraph,""Apple Watch,""Empatica,""Fitbit,""Garmin," and "wearable devices" to obtain studies published up to 21 August 2022. This initial search yielded 3214 studies. After excluding duplicate National Clinical Trial studies (the overlap was permissible among different device types except for wearable devices), our analysis focused on 2930 studies, including simple, time-series, and type-specific assessments of various variables. Overall, an increasing number of clinical studies have incorporated wearable devices since 2012. While ActiGraph and Fitbit initially dominated this landscape, the use of other devices has steadily increased, constituting approximately 10% of the total after 2015. Observational studies outnumbered intervention studies, with behavioral and device-based interventions being particularly prevalent. Regarding disease types, cancer and cardiovascular diseases accounted for approximately 20% of the total. Notably, 114 studies adopted multiple devices simultaneously within the context of their clinical investigations. Our findings revealed that the utilization of wearable devices for data collection and behavioral interventions in various disease areas has been increasing over time since 2012. The increase in the number of studies over the past 3 years has been particularly significant, suggesting that this trend will continue to accelerate in the future. Devices and their evaluation methods that have undergone thorough validation, confirmed their accuracy, and adhered to established legal regulations will likely assume a pivotal role in evaluations, allowing for remote clinical trials. Moreover, behavioral intervention therapy utilizing apps is becoming more extensive, and we expect to see more examples that will lead to their approval as programmed medical devices in the future.