Adolescent Deviation Research Articles

The effect of functional asymmetry of the brain on the consumption of psychoactive substances by adolescents in South Siberian regions: prevention strategies

Introduction. It is assumed that the functional asymmetry of the brain must be taken into account in a complex of other predisposing factors that influence the tendency to various kinds of deviations in adolescents, in particular, the consumption of psychoactive substances.Purpose setting. The aim of the study was to study the relationship between functional asymmetry of the brain and the consumption of psychoactive substances (alcohol, nicotine) in adolescents of the South Siberian regions (Tuva, Altai).Methodology and methods of the study. 2 559 adolescents aged 14–17 years, students of educational institutions were examined. All students completed a specially designed questionnaire on their substance use. Motor, sensory and mental asymmetry have been studied. The test «Self-assessment of mental states of personality» was applied for adolescence by G. Aizenk in the interpretation of O. V. Zikeeva. The statistical analysis was carried out in the SPSS-26 program.Results. It has been shown that right-hemisphere adolescents have significantly more pronounced anxiety, frustration and rigidity, indicating a violation of social adaptation and predisposing to the consumption of psychoactive substances, which indirectly confirms the influence of functional asymmetry of the brain. Right- brain adolescents are more vulnerable to nicotine and alcohol. Conclusion. The results obtained allow us to substantiate prevention strategies that should take into account the functional asymmetry of the target audience’s brain.

Проблемы организации работы отделений исправительных детских приютов для несовершеннолетних преступников при монастырях Ставропольской и Екатеринодарской епархии в конце XIX – начале XX вв.

Introduction. At the present stage of development, society faces the problems in the field of high levels of juvenile delinquency and adolescent deviation, which were typical of Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. In the practice of criminal and penal legislation, the application of imprisonment to them often remains the only form of punishment. As part of the search for an optimal model for achieving a corrective effect, it is interesting to refer to the existing historical experience. A comprehensive inclusion of the public to solve the situation was one of the forms of combating juvenile delinquency since the second half of the 19th century. One of the instruments of state policy in this area was the active involvement of the monasteries of the Russian Orthodox Church, which were to become the leading body in the fight against and prevention in the field of juvenile delinquency. Materials and methods. By the example of the organization of the work of correctional shelters, founded in 1898 at the monasteries of the Kuban region, the authors analyze their activities, the difficulties in organizing work with the contingent within the monasteries of the entire Caucasian department. The conclusion becomes relevant that success in the activities of prevention and correction was possible only with the wide involvement of the public, the training of pupils of shelters in professions that are in demand on the labor market, a combination of various programs and religious educational practices, in close cooperation with the executive authorities of the region. Analysis. An appeal to the history of correctional institutions in the North Caucasus can help improve the organization of work in relation to juveniles who committed crimes in the implementation of the strategy for the execution of punishments. Results. As the results of the study showed, this experiment did not receive wide support not only in the region, but throughout the empire. And only thanks to the help of the public in organizing the work and maintenance of the orphans, with limited funding from the state, the monasteries managed to establish the process of rehabilitation of juvenile delinquents. In combination with the use of various educational systems and programs, school and labor training, various methods of education and mentoring, the monasteries contributed to the correction of minors.

Efforts of the Islamic Study Groups in Overcoming Behavior Deviations in Adolescents' Life

This study uses a qualitative descriptive method that describes and explains what is in the field, with data collection techniques, participatory observation, in-depth interviews, documentation, and literature studies in Kembangkuning Village. The data analysis was carried out using qualitative data analysis. The study results showed that the Al-Hidayah Taklim Council was not sufficiently helpful in overcoming adolescent behavioral deviations. Because on the part of the Taklim Council it only conducts outreach to parents by making parents tell about their child's progress and the leader of the recitation at the Taklim Assembly gives advice and advice on religious knowledge that must be applied to their children during recitation at the Al-Hidayah Taklim Assembly, but this still can not cope with deviant behavior that occurs among adolescents. The efforts that the Taklim Assembly has made cannot help enough to overcome the problems in Kembangkuning Village. Therefore the researcher hopes that the Taklim Council (Islamic Study Groups) can contribute to helping to overcome deviant behavior with better efforts than what has been conveyed.

Correlation between actual nutrition and lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense parameters in aged 14–17 years adolescents living in rural area

The aim of the study was to reveal the relationship between the parameters of actual nutrition and the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system in adolescents aged 14–17 in a rural area. Material and methods. 76 adolescents aged 14–17 of the Irkutsk region were examined by the cross-sectional study method. Actual nutrition was studied by the 24-hour nutrition reproduction method. The content of substrates with unsaturated double bonds (DB), diene conjugates (DC), ketodienes and conjugated trienes (KD and CT), thiobarbituric acid reacting species (TBARS), α-tocopherol, retinol, reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), total blood antioxidant activity (TAA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in blood by spectrophotometry and fluorometry methods were analyzed. Results. The adolescents’ diet did not meet the principles of a balanced diet – there was reduced protein intake, an imbalance of unsaturated fatty acids, A, C, D, B vitamins deficiency. An excessive element in the diet was sodium. The content of substrates with DB, KD and CT and TBARS increased significantly in the studied group of adolescents, the concentration of DC decreased. Parameters of antioxidant defense both decreased (TAA, retinol content) and increased (α-tocopherol, GSH concentration). Correlation analysis showed relationships between DB and vitamin B1, B2 content; DC level and calories, carbohydrate and vitamin B1 content; concentration of KD and CT and fats, TAA and vitamin A and β-carotene level; level of α-tocopherol in blood and vitamin E in food; GSH and vitamin K; SOD activity and vitamin H content. Multiple negative correlations were between GSSG and fat, vitamins B1, B9, C, K food concentration were found.Conclusions. The calculated vitamin consumption indicators allow to reveal nutritional deviations in adolescents and to connect them with the real provision of the body with these metabolites.

Occlusal deviations in adolescents with idiopathic and congenital scoliosis.

ObjectiveThis cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the characteristics of malocclusions in scoliotic patients through clinical examinations.MethodsFifty-eight patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) and 48 patients with congenital scoliosis (CS) participated in the study. A randomly selected group of 152 orthopedically healthy children served as the control group. Standardized orthodontic and orthopedic examination protocols were used to record the occlusal patterns and type of scoliosis. Assessments were made by three experienced orthodontists and a spinal surgery team. The differences in the frequency distribution of occlusal patterns were evaluated by the chi-squared test.ResultsIn comparison with patients showing IS, patients with CS showed a higher incidence of Cobb angle ≥ 45° (p = 0.020) and included a higher proportion of patients receiving surgical treatments (p < 0.001). The distribution of the Angle Class II subgroup was significantly higher in the IS (p < 0.001) and CS (p = 0.031) groups than in the control group. In comparison with the healthy controls, the CS and IS groups showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) frequencies of asymmetric molar and asymmetric canine relationships, upper and lower middle line deviations, anterior deep overbite, unilateral posterior crossbite, and canted occlusal plane, with the frequencies being especially higher in CS patients and to a lesser extent in IS patients.ConclusionsPatients with scoliosis showed a high frequency of malocclusions, which were most obvious in patients with CS.

Behavior Analysis of Social Media Use Among Adolescents

This study intends to find out how the influence of adolescent behavior on social media users. Currently, almost the majority of teenagers in Indonesia use social media. Social media is something that cannot be left behind in the daily life of teenagers. Researchers, in this case, analyze the behavior of teenagers in using social media. used in this research. This research is included in quantitative research with data collection methods through observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The data analysis method used is the normality test, linearity test, simple linear regression coefficient test, and hypothesis testing using determination test or R2. Sampling in this study using a proportional random sampling technique. The number of samples obtained as many as 40 respondents with the criteria of teenagers who access social media Facebook. Research results based on the results of research and discussion of the influence of Facebook media on behavioral deviations in adolescents, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence between the use of Facebook media on behavioral deviations of adolescents who includes the words of students can be seen from the words of students who are not polite, the use of dirty words in daily communication. Students' addiction to Facebook makes students tend to use Facebook whenever and wherever there is an opportunity, even during lessons. Students' individualism can be seen from the use of Facebook to communicate and rarely meet directly with friends which results in a decrease in social attitudes in students who tend not to care about the surrounding environment.

Особенности психолого-воспитательной работы c подростками-правонарушителями, у которых имеются антисоциальные психопатии

This material is focused on the problems of psychological and educational work with juve-nile delinquents who showed various types of antisocial psychopathies. It describes the main characteristics, features and properties of the most common types of antisocial psy-chopathies identified in adolescents with deviant behavior. Regarding each type of such psychopathies, appropriate forms of psychological and educational influence were proposed to address the personal qualities and the worldview of adolescent delinquents, to correct their behavior and improve their social adaptation. The author concludes that in the process of using the proposed work practices it should be borne in mind that disorders and devia-tions in adolescents with antisocial psychopathies manifest most strongly in the emotional-volitional component of their personality structure impacting its entirety at the same time. This fact, in turn, necessitates intensifying efforts from the subjects of psychological and educational work to correct the mental set, world outlook orientations, priorities and life goals of the children in their care and to instill in them true and socially approvable atti-tudes towards social communications.

Psychological measures to prevent delinquent behavior

The article deals with the issues of social prevention of adolescent disorders, the reasons for the change in self-awareness. The concepts of "delinquent" and "preventive measures" have been clarified taking into account the individual characteristics of the research subject. The delicate behavior is described, its constituent structures are revealed. In social work, measures are considered to be implemented within the first, second and third prevention. In addition, it was possible to identify several social factors in the emergence of behavioral offenses: upbringing in the family and the immediate environment of a teenager; the environment of adolescence, the penetration of stereotypes of behavior into the youth environment; biological factors and much more. The problems of social prevention of adolescent deviation, the reasons for the change in adolescent self-awareness, general principles of preventive activities and individual corrective work are considered, the main conditions for effective work with adolescents with deviant behavior are analyzed.

Междисциплинарные подходы в изучении подростковой девиации и особенности социологического видения

Междисциплинарные подходы в изучении подростковой девиации и особенности социологического видения

Метапредметные компетенции в профилактике делинквентного поведения подростков

An attempt to establish the relationship between the formation of meta-subject competencies in delinquent adolescents in the framework of educational and extracurricular activities in an educational institution and the transition of forms of its behavioral manifestations from social disapproval to behavior regulated by legal norms was made. The authors outline that in order to structure knowledge about metasubject competencies, they are classified into meta-activities, meta-ways and meta-abilities that directly affect the rehabilitation of delinquent adolescents by means of educational and extracurricular activities organized in an educational institution. Methods of research: comparative and theoretical analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, monographs and thesis works, documentation; generalization, comparison, systematization. Research result. The authors come to the conclusion that delinquent adolescent, due to the features of their socially disapproved forms of life, have well-defined formed competencies, but apply them in asocial behavioral manifestations. The article pays attention to the importance of improving the effectiveness of activity of educational institutions on the formation of delinquent adolescents’ metasubject competencies as a means of overcoming adolescent deviation. However, attention is drawn to the possible risks in this area of activity due to the delinquent adolescents’ frequent absence from school, so the authors also paid attention to the need to form academic motivation in delinquent adolescents to achieve the goals of forming metasubject competencies and overcoming delinquency.

Brain Regulatory Functions in Adolescents with Signs of Deviant Behavior. An Interdisciplinary Analysis

We conducted a comparative interdisciplinary study of the brain regulatory functions in adolescents aged 13–16 years with (n = 82) and without (n = 125) signs of deviant behavior. The first group consisted of adolescents with behavioral and emotional problems at school and in interacting with their parents, as reported by school psychologists. We used standardized questionnaires to assess individual tendencies towards deviant behavior. The effectiveness of executive functions was assessed by neuropsychological examinations. The functioning of the brain regulatory systems was analyzed using the visual structural analysis of EEG traces. According to the results of EEG analysis, signs of deviant behavior correlated with suboptimal functioning of various parts of the brain regulatory systems (RS). In adolescents with signs of deviant behavior, the EEG patterns of limbic origin were most prominent and were observed significantly more often than in the control group. The same group differences were found for the EEG patterns of fronto-thalamic and fronto-basal origin as well as for EEG changes in the lateral frontal areas of the left hemisphere. Adolescents with the EEG signs of suboptimal functioning of different parts of RS demonstrated both common and specific tendencies towards deviant behavior and the deficiency of various components of voluntary control. At the same time, the same behavioral problems were accompanied by the EEG patterns of different origins. The obtained results suggest that suboptimal RS functioning is an important neurophysiological mechanism, which underlies behavioral deviations in adolescents. They also indicate the heterogeneous nature of deviant behavior and the need for individual assessment of the brain regulatory functions for the diagnostics and correction of behavioral deviations.

Animation Design as an Educational Media of Adolescents’ Social Behavior Deviation

Educational media is media that functions to convey certain information with the aim of conveying certain intentions to the target or intended user. Educational media can be developed in various ways including by utilizing website technology, mobile to make animated films. The positive benefits of animation technology can help in building a media for education of social deviation for various groups of teenagers. It is expected that the role of adolescents as the future generation of the nation’s youth will have to overcome this problem. The purpose of this study is to design animation as an educational medium for social education deviations in adolescents. This research uses a qualitative method, which focuses on developing the concept of animation that is built. The steps taken are the pre-production stage in the design of animated films starting from the initial idea of the story, concept, character design, and storyboard. The results of this study are the results of making animation media on social interaction deviations in adolescents.

MOTION GRAPHIC "AKHLAK" SEBAGAI MEDIA EDUKASI PENYIMPANGAN PERILAKU SOSIAL PADA REMAJA

Adolescence is a transition from children to adulthood, usually this is a very vulnerable period for parents because at this age children begin to look for identity. Teenagers begin to want to have their own desires and no longer want to be regulated by parents because they already feel as adults. Environmental factors in the residence and school environment are very influential on the stability of development in adolescence. Teenagers who are out of control and unable to control themselves will very easily fall into social behavior deviations such as fighting with friends, brawl to drug abuse. To help the school and parents in overcoming this problem, media education needs to be deviated social behavior in adolescents based on visual multimedia. Visual multimedia technology was chosen because this media tendency is much easier to be accepted and understood by teenagers compared to just a lecture or seminar. The making of educational media for social behavior deviations in adolescents was built using motion graphic techniques. Then for the development method used is the Multimedia Development Life Cycle. The results obtained in this study in the form of motion graphics with the title of Morals with duration 00: 02:20.

Islamic Psychospiritual Counseling in Preventing Deviant Sexual Behavior

&lt;p class="06IsiAbstrak"&gt;Guidelines for Islamic Psychospiritual Conseling on Prevention of Deviant Sexual Behavior. Despite existence of religious inscriptions and warnings about the dangers and consequences of sexual irregularities,the practice of deviant sexual behavior such as pedophilia, rape, sexual harassment, and LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) remains rampant. Not to mention, cases of sexual deviations in adolescents have led to unwanted circumstances like premarital pregnancy. This study’s question relates towhat kind of sexuality counseling guidance techniques that a Muslim counselor can develop to prevent the occurrence of sexual deviations specifically. In order to answer this question, there is a need for an in-depth study of Islamic teachings originating from the Qur’an, sunnah, Jurisprudence or fiqh, guidance on Islamic counseling, psychology, and counseling and psychotherapy psychology, supplemented by positive legal regulations and the research journals’ results related to the problem of sexuality deviation. This study was carried out in-depth using content analysis, with a psychospiritual approach to Islamic counseling.This study concludes that the subject of deviant sex is due to lack of knowledge about its dangers, lack of religion, and lack of control skills for lust. Islamicpsychospiritual counseling with bibliotherapy techniques followed by creating cognitive maps confirms anti-sex deviant intentions, ended with cognitive therapy using techniques of cognitive restructuring, though stopping and letting gorelaxation. It is predicted to be effective in helping subjects manage lust so that they avoid deviant sexual behavior. This conclusion is still hypothetical which needs to be followed by experiments to be reliable and this caneventually be used as an Islamic psychospiritual counseling guidance technique to overcome sexual deviation.&lt;/p&gt;

САНИТАРНО-ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ И ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ БЛАГОПОЛУЧИЕ ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ ПОДРОСТКОВ: ФАКТОРЫ РИСКА, ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ

In modern conditions, there is an increase in the prevalence of mental disorders among all age groups and high rates of adolescent suicides. The purpose of the study is to assess the sanitary-epidemiological and psychological well-being of adolescents studying in various educational institutions. The object of the study was 100 girls and 100 boys aged 15-18 years, studying in general education schools and col-leges. The study used hygienic, sociological, clinical, follow-up and statistical methods. The assessment of the conditions and organization of training in the schools surveyed allowed them to be classified as optimally acceptable, and in colleges – to potentially dangerous, and to predict in the latter the formation of morphofunctional deviations in adolescents. Various forms of mental disorders were revealed in 67.5 % of the surveyed patients. A significant part (36 %) of them were made up of painful conditions, 16 % of them – neurotic reactions, 20 % – pathocharacter reactions. Actually, neuroses were revealed in 20 % of surveyed patients. There was found a significant prevalence of mental disorders in adolescents in colleges – 82 %, compared to schools – 53 % due to pathocharacter reactions. Pathocharacterological and accented personal characteristics are the most important predictors of mental disorders. From them are formed risk groups, which should be in the sphere of attention of medical and pedagogical workers of educational organizations. The features of the formation of mental disorders in adolescents require pri-mary and secondary psychoprophylaxis in these groups.

Maternal attitude as a resource for overcoming the psychological consequences of a severe form of an orthopedic disease

Introduction. Idiopathic scoliosis in a surgical pathology stage creates a difficult situation in the life of sick adolescents. There may be signs of marked neuropsychic stress, fear, helplessness, and behavioral deviations in adolescents suffering from the scoliotic disease. Hence, it is important to study the factors of protection and external adaptation resources that are crucial for coping with psychological difficulties in adolescence. One such resource is the maternal attitude, including emotional support.&#x0D; Material and methods. Sixty women were enrolled in the study, 30 of whom were mothers of patients of a pediatric orthopedic clinic who had been diagnosed as having idiopathic scoliosis of 3–4°, and 30 were mothers of adolescents without disorders of the musculoskeletal system. The method used the A.Ya. Varga and V.V. Stolin diagnostics of parental attitude, the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire, and C.D. Spielberg’s self-evaluation technique for determining the level of situational and personal anxiety (adaptation of Y.L. Khanin). Average statistics were calculated, the statistical significance of differences in comparisons was calculated by performing Student’s test, and correlation analysis was performed by calculating Spearman’s correlation coefficients.&#x0D; Results. The attitudes of the parents of the healthy adolescents and those of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis were characterized by a predominance of positive feelings and a desire to provide emotional support to the adolescent proportionally while recognizing the difficulties in the child’s life situation. A mother’s positive attitude toward her child under treatment in a surgical clinic for correction of a severe spinal deformity may be distorted by her anxiety and depressive feelings, which may reduce the mother’s ability to provide emotional support in a situation difficult for the child. An important component in the system of psychological care for adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis may be professional psychological support focused on harmonization of child–parent relations.

Orthotic correction of lower limb function during gait does not immediately influence spinal kinematics in spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy

Background and purposeFoot equinus and leg length discrepancy (LLD) are common problems in hemiplegic cerebral palsy (hCP), both causing secondary deviations of pelvic motion during gait. It can therefore be assumed that the spinal deviations observed in hCP patients are secondary as a compensation for the position of the pelvis arising from the disturbed leg function. This study investigated the effects of correcting lower extremity function by orthotics on spinal gait kinematics in hCP patients. MethodsTen adolescent hCP patients and 15 healthy controls were included. Using a validated and previously used enhanced marker set, sagittal and frontal plane spinal curvature angles as well as general trunk and lower extremity kinematics were measured while walking barefoot as well as with an orthotic correction (only hCP patients) using a 12-camera motion capture system. ResultsThe hCP patients in both the barefoot and orthotic conditions indicated clinically relevant greater lumbar lordosis angles (d≥0.96, p≤0.071), smaller thoracic kyphosis angles (d≥0.84, p≤0.142) and differences in frontal plane lumbar curvature angles (d≥1.00, p≤0.105) compared to controls. However, these angles were not influenced by the successful restoration of a normal heel-to-toe gait pattern and the correction of any LLD using lower extremity orthotics. ConclusionsSpinal gait deviations in adolescents with mild hCP seemed not to result secondarily from foot equinus or LLD, but probably from structural deformities such as hip flexor contractures. Future research should address long-term effects of an AFO treatment as well as the relationship between spinal kinematics and severity of disease.

Gait deviations and compensations in pediatric patients with increased femoral torsion.

Coxa antetorta describes an abnormal torsion of the femur. It is commonly considered a cosmetic problem and is treated surgically only in severe cases and the presence of physical complaints. The purpose of this study was to identify deviations in gait kinematics and kinetics in pediatric patients caused by coxa antetorta and to categorize these deviations into primary and secondary deviations. We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional three-dimensional (3D) gait analysis study to detect gait deviations in adolescents (n = 18; age range 10.5-17.5 years) with coxa antetorta compared to age-matched healthy control subjects (n = 17). Principal component (PC) analysis was used for data reduction. Linear mixed models applied to PC-scores were used to estimate the main effects within retained PCs followed by a post-hoc subgroup analysis. Patients walked with smaller external foot progression angle, greater knee adduction, more internally rotated and flexed hips and greater anterior pelvic tilt. Subgroup analysis revealed that-depending on knee alignment-patients had higher knee and hip adduction moments. These deviations in joint kinematics and kinetics may be associated with physical complaints and accelerated development of osteoarthritis. Assessment of gait deviations related to coxa antetorta using 3D gait analysis may be an additional tool in individual clinical decision-making.

Mild dermatoglyphic deviations in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders and average intellectual abilities as compared to typically developing boys.

Dermatoglyphics, ridge constellations on the hands and feet, are permanently formed by the second trimester of pregnancy. Consequently, they are considered “fossilized” evidence of a specific prenatal period. A high frequency of dermatoglyphic anomalies, or a high rate of dermatoglyphic asymmetry (discordance), is an indication of developmental instability (prenatal disturbances) prior to 24-week gestation. Most dermatoglyphic studies in psychiatry focus on adult schizophrenia. Studies on dermatoglyphic deviances and autism are sparse, include severely disturbed and intellectually retarded patients with autism, and are carried out mainly in non-Western European populations. In this study, finger print patterns, atd-angles, and palmar flexion crease patterns (PFCs) are compared between Western European adolescent teenage males, of average intellect, with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD; n = 46) and typically developing adolescent teenage males (TD; n = 49). Boys with ASD had a higher rate of discordance in their finger print patterns than TD boys. Thus, the hypothesized prenatal disturbances that play a role in the etiology of schizophrenia and severe autism might not be specific to these severe psychiatric disorders but might also be involved in the etiology of varying degrees of ASD.

Residual gait deviations in adolescents treated during infancy for unilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip using Pemberton's osteotomy

Early reduction using Pemberton's osteotomy has been suggested for treating DDH but no data on the long-term residual gait changes in such patients are available in the literature. This study aimed to bridge the gap by performing quantitative gait analysis on eleven females (age: 10.6±1.0 years) who were treated for unilateral DDH using open reduction with Pemberton's osteotomy at 1.6±0.5 years of age, and eleven age-matched healthy controls. Walking at a normal speed, the Pemberton group displayed significantly more anterior tilt, hiking at the affected side and rotation towards the unaffected side of the pelvis, and more knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion in the affected limb. With this asymmetrical gait, they appeared to reduce the demands on the hip flexors and abductors, and knee extensors in the affected limb, which might have been involved during the osteotomy, but increased compensatory efforts from the hip extensors, ankle plantarflexors and knee flexors in the unaffected limb.