Deviant Youth Research Articles

변종 가족의 출현, 청소년의 미완 가족 만들기 -2010년대 청소년 ‘가출팸’ 영화를 중심으로-

This study focuses on the films “Another's Melody(2014)”, “Dream Jane(2016)”, and “Park Hwa-young(2018)”, which are based on “Gachulfam” among independent youth films of the 2010s. The aim was to examine the aspects of reproduction and their meanings. Movies dealing with youth deviance continue to exist throughout this age. The meaning of runaway, which was understood as rebellion and beating, changed with the times, and “Gachulfam” became a precarious youth in the 2010s. In this situation, this study noted that the appearance of the “Gachulfam” made by adolescents from post-family families can be interpreted as a way of living and revealing their consciousness in the reality of crisis. First, the “home” as a fluid and open space created by the youth of the three “Gachulfam” films reveal the fear of isolation and causes relationship obsession. Second, the “Gachulfam” made by the youth is a kind of abnormal family that is not recognized in the existing society. However, owing to the irresponsible and incomplete appearance of adults, including parents, teenagers are gaining an upper hand in power relations and the positivity of family building. Third, these families are completed by re-calling the “dedicated mother”. However, the pursuit of motherhood, which appears in “Gachulfam”, stands at a different point from the existing maternal ideology that led to the establishment of patriarchal authority for the survival of the family. Therefore, it is meaningful because it has the possibility of an incomplete but new family.

Cultural Efficacy: Responding to Native American Indian Youth Deviance in A Tribal Community

Cultural Efficacy: Responding to Native American Indian Youth Deviance in A Tribal Community

Hell Traits in Handwriting of Youths Involved in Crime: Evidence from a Correctional Facility in Hail City, Saudi Arabia

Introduction: Understanding the behavioural characteristics of youth inmates involved in criminal activities is crucial for crime prevention. This study examines the hell traits of youth inmates involved in criminal activities and detained in a Hail City, Saudi Arabia, remand facility. This study aims to show the evidence of personality traits in the handwriting of deviant youths in a correctional facility. Methods: This study reports from a more extensive study that looks at the relationship between handwriting and crime but focuses on the perpetrators of double crimes for two types of crimes in the study sample: fighting and stabbing, kidnapping, violence, and Blackmailing. The qualitative research approach was employed in this study, using a semi-structured interview with 15 respondents who are remand home youth inmates serving their various jail terms in a more extensive study. Three respondents were purposively selected out of the 15 inmates that committed fighting and robbery crime. Results: The finding revealed the presence of personality hell traits in the behaviour of the youth inmates under study. It related to the robbery and fighting crime committed, based on the connotations in their handwriting analysed by the researcher. The handwriting of the youth inmates detained in the remand house showed at least two or more characters of "hell traits" associated with fighting and robbery. This suggests a relationship between these two crimes and implies that the inmates share similar feelings and behaviours when committing criminal acts. Conclusion: The study findings could be helpful to the government and its agencies to reduce and control crime. More studies need to be done using more extensive data and multiple methods to ascertain the criminal behaviour of youths. Keywords: Crime, Correctional facilities, Handwriting, Hell traits and Youths.

Отношения с социальным окружением как мотив правопослушного поведения молодежи: опыт кросс-культурного исследования

Introduction. Understanding the grounds of the law-abiding behavior of young people is a socially significant, but poorly studied research domain. Knowledge of the psychological causes of law-abiding behavior is important for the implementation of preventive work with deviant youth and the socialization of the younger generation. Contemporary scientific ideas do not have sufficient information about the role of the entire system of relations of the subject with the social environment for the motivation of law-abiding behavior, focusing on the study of the role of its specific participants - family members, relatives, friends and colleagues. 
 The study is focused on the relations with the social environment as a motive for law-abiding behavior. For this purpose, the study performs a cross-cultural assessment of these relationships in Chinese and Russian youth samples.
 Methodology, methods and techniques. The methodological basis of the study is the social network approach to the social environment studies. This approach makes it possible to describe the social environment as a quasi-social group, the basis (center) of which is the subject, while the rest of the participants are connected to the subject through social and psychological relations. Application of this approach reveals the significance of the social environment as a motive for law-abiding behavior, showing the effect of relations with the social environment on delinquent behavior readiness.
 Cross-cultural studies represent the research strategy. Information collecting method is a questionnaire analyzing the social relations and the motives of law-abiding behavior, as well as a standardized self-report measuring the subjective interaction features. 
 Results processing method: descriptive statistics, non-parametric alternative to one-way analysis of variance - Kruskal-Wallis H-test.
 Survey sample: 100 people, consisted of Russian (50 people) and Chinese (50 people) students, of the similar age and gender. 
 Results: the social environment features have been determined affecting law-abiding behavior and making up motivation: (1) Social environment parameters (volume, homogeneity, interaction difficulties) within the average (standard) values do not affect the law-abiding behavior of young people; (2) Self-assessment of interaction with the social environment enhances the motivation for law-abiding behavior for Russian youth; (3) Social support from individuals in the social environment enhances the motivation for law-abiding behavior in the Russian and Chinese sampling; (4) The system of motives for law-abiding behavior can be represented as emotional, social, personal and rational motives developed under the social environment influence. 
 Scientific Novelty. The data obtained expand the understanding of the motivating role of relationships with the social environment, showing that the help and support of others, as well as self-assessment of interaction with the social environment, enhances the law-abiding behavior motivation. 
 Practical Significance. The represented classification of the motives of law-abiding behavior can be applied to develop procedures for measuring and evaluating the readiness of young people to comply with legal standards.

An automated system for the assessment and grading of adolescent delinquency using a machine learning-based soft voting framework

Adolescent (or juvenile) delinquency is defined as the habitual engagement in unlawful behavior of a minor under the age of majority. According to studies, the likelihood of acquiring a deviant personality increases significantly during adolescence. As a result, identifying deviant youth early and providing proper medical counseling makes perfect sense. Due to the scarcity of qualified clinicians, human appraisal of individual adolescent behavior is subjective and time-consuming. As a result, a machine learning-based intelligent automated system for assessing and grading delinquency levels in teenagers at an early stage must be devised. To solve this problem, a soft voting-based ensemble classification model has been developed that includes a Decision Tree, Multi-layer Perceptron, and Support Vector Machine as base classifiers to accurately classify teenagers into three groups based on severity levels, viz., low, medium, and high. Over the normalized structured behavioral data, the proposed soft voting-based model outperforms all other individual classifiers with 87.50% accuracy, an AUC of 0.94, 0.81 Kappa value, and an F-score of 0.88.

Identify the needs for continuous professional training of specialists working with juvenile delinquents in order to make the intervention more effective and increase the chances of social adaptation

Youth deviance is one of the fundamental problems of any society. Over time, the problem of young people's adaptation to the group they belong to, the stages of socialization, internalization and compliance with the rules imposed by the majority, as well as the inability of some individuals to adapt to the demands of social life in common, have been food for thought and a framework for scientific debate. Despite the efforts of state institutions, police, prosecutors, courts, schools, juvenile delinquency cannot be stopped. But it can be reduced if a series of appropriate social and criminal measures are implemented. Minors and young people have developing personalities and working with these categories must be guided by the principle of "not adapted to the prison - adapted to the social". Thus, the activities carried out with juvenile delinquents must aim to maintaining a permanent connection with the external social environment, developing certain social skills, increasing their educational level and facilitating their socio-occupational integration. The intervention on juvenile delinquency must start from the intervention on the individual and continue with the intervention on the specialists who work with this category, going up to formulating recommendations on the conditions in which the educational approaches in prison can be optimally carried out. In the light of the new European legislation on the social reintegration of the formerly imprisoned, a new perspective is emerging. Each prisoner is "invited to contribute to their own positive change" (Gheorghe, 2016, p. 210). However, the determined role in the development of effective interventions lies with the penitentiary system, through the social actors involved, especially the specialists who carry out educational activities. The research aims at identifying the training needs of staff working with juvenile delinquents and those at social risk.

Soviet Youth during the Great Patriotic War through the Eyes of State Security Agencies

The article introduces unique documents about the security agencies of the USSR into academic circulation. An analysis of these documents and literature enables the author to make new claims about the traditional dual attitude of the Stalinist state towards young people. On the one hand, young people made a large contribution to victory over the enemy both at the front and in the rear. However, especially as the end of the war approached, youth were increasingly interpreted as a dangerous social environment, giving rise to many anti-Soviet organizations and groups. The war danger spurred Chekists to be extremely suspicious of any form of organized youth amateur activity, be it literary or philosophical groups, let alone quasi-political organizations. As a result, state security authorities with redoubled energy set about identifying and eliminating potential political deviations among the youth. First of all, the target was the children of the outcasts of Soviet society: the “former”, “former kulaks”, and “enemies of the people” from among the Soviet elites. At the same time, the war temporarily weakened ideological pressure, giving rise to hopes among broad strata of society for certain relaxations and even reforms after the war. A new factor at the final stage of the war was the mass of young people who found themselves in captivity or in the occupied territories, both imaginary and real collaborators, as well as participants in the armed nationalist movement in Ukraine and other Soviet Republics. The response of the security agencies to the intensification of deviant youth activity was the traditional measures of the intelligence services: building the large-scale undercover informant net in the student and student environment, as well as falsification of cases of anti-Soviet organizations.

Félagsuppeldisfræði: Félagsfræði og starf á vettvangi

Félagsuppeldisfræði og félagsfræði spruttu úr sama jarðvegi. Í fræðigreininni félagsfræði reyndu menn að skilja örar samfélagsbreytingar og félagsfræðingar sáu að nútímavæðing skapaði viðkvæma hópa sem þurftu sérstakan stuðning. Á sama tíma varð félagsuppeldisfræðin til sem samheiti yfir margvíslegt menntunarstarf, sem leitast við að efla samfélagsþátttöku þeirra sem standa höllum fæti.Samspil félagsfræði og félagsuppeldisfræði hefur oft verið tilviljanakennt en á síðustu áratugum hafa margir félagsuppeldisfræðingar leitast við að nota félagsfræðilegar nálganir sem eru raktar til upphafsmanna fræðigreinarinnar, svo sem Karls Marx, Ferdinands Tönnies, Emiles Durkheim og Georges Herberts Mead. Í þessari grein eru nokkur nýleg verk félagsuppeldisfræðinga á Norðurlöndum og í Þýskalandi skoðuð í ljósi kenninga nokkurra helstu félagsfræðinga á 20. öld.Það einkennir þessi verk að höfundarnir styðjast, hver fyrir sig, við einstaka félagsfræðinga. Í greininni er lýst sögulegri þróun sem ætti að hvetja norræna félagsuppeldisfræðinga (og starfsfélaga þeirra um allan heim) til að beita fleiri nálgunum í rannsóknum og starfi og til að skoða viðfangsefni sitt frá fleiri sjónarhornum.

An Empirical Test of Age-Graded Informal Social Control Theory: New Correlates of Youth Deviance

This study examines several family structural variables that have a hypothesized effect on delinquency, substance abuse, and violence. We conducted a survey for potential correlates of Sampson and Laub’s age-graded informal social control theory variables within the Turkish context. Our large sample size (31,272), drawn from high school students in Istanbul, Turkey, allowed us to test the effects of family settings on youth deviance by using various statistical tests and programs. Our findings indicate that juveniles exposed to parental substance abuse are more likely to use illegal substances, commit a greater number of delinquent acts, and participate in more instances of violent behavior. Additionally, family social capital, residential mobility, religiosity, and the number of siblings were some other statistically significant correlates of delinquency.

Muslim Televangelists in the Making: Conversion Narratives and the Construction of Religious Authority

AbstractThe rapid proliferation of TV channels in Indonesia in the 1990s provided crucial opportunities for a new type of Muslim preacher to rise to national fame: relatively young men lacking substantial formal religious schooling but able to project charm on screen. Four of these young televangelists became true megastars, topping the national charts in the first decade of the twentieth century. Since they became nationally famous at a young age, without the conventional markers of authoritative knowledge of Islam, the question is, what kind of justification did they use to establish their authority as preachers? Analyzing the rise of four young preachers who achieved nationwide stardom in that period, Abdullah Gymnastiar, Arifin Ilham, Jeffri Al‐Bukhari, and Yusuf Mansur, this article shows that conversion narratives play a key role in building social acceptance of their status as preachers. These narratives take various forms with differing themes but all work to compensate for a lack of traditional markers of religious authority. Besides informally authorizing the transformation of these laymen into credible religious preachers, their narratives of miraculous spiritual transformation also shaped the specific themes of their evangelicalism. This article shows how transformation narratives authorize the four top television preachers of the first decade of the twentieth century, and demonstrate the power of those narratives to recast even youthful deviance into an asset in the youth religion market when woven into a story of divinely empowered personal change.

Aggressive Youthful Action. The Role of the School in Youth Deviance

In Italy, as in many countries, it is difficult to measure the phenomenon of youthful deviance and associate it with the role of educational institutions in growth and training. It is a silent, hidden, overbearing bond, which is not measurable by the indicators represented in the social, psychological and economic systems and which often hides one or many truths (misunderstandings, personal, family and socio-economic distress, baby crime, gang initiation). We will try to highlight the elements of this link.What can be done to reduce the discomfort of young people that very often results in aggressive behavior towards themselves and towards others?

Toward an Understanding of the Characteristics of Secondary School Cyberhate Perpetrators

While the Internet offers many opportunities to access information, training and communication, it has created new grounds for risks, threats and harm. With the rise of populism and extremism, new forms of cyberbullying emerge, more specifically cyberhate. The Internet has become a privileged tool to disseminate hatred, based on racism, xenophobia, bigotry and islamophobia. Organized groups use the internet as a dissemination tool for their ideas, to build collective identity and to recruit young people. The presence of these groups has been facilitated worldwide thanks to technology. Yet, little attention has been granted to the way the Internet eases the activities of individuals who promote and propagate hate online. The role they play in spreading racism, xenophobia and bigotry is paramount as they regularly comment online about news and events, interacting with like-minded people with impunity because the web prevents people from being easily identified or controlled. While literature on exposure to hateful contents and cyberhate victimization is growing, little is known about who the perpetrators really are. A survey with young people aged 12-20 (N= 1,889) was completed in France and forms the basis of this article. It provides an understanding of the characteristics and associated variables of cyberhate perpetration. The Structural Equation model shows that cyberhate perpetration is heavily related to time spent online, victimization, belonging to a deviant youth group, positive attitudes towards violence and racism. Results from the SEM further suggest that people who suffered from online victimization will themselves have a greater tendency to belong to deviant youth groups. Multiple mediation analysis further suggests that trust in institutions may however prevent young people from belonging to a deviant youth group and decrease positive attitudes toward violence, thus diminishing the tendency to perform hateful aggression.

Smoking in the temple of the holy spirit? Geographic location matters

Smoking at a young age poses significant risks to one's health and is linked with a wide range of deviant conducts. While prior research has looked into the ways in which individual religious characteristics may influence smoking, much less is known about how the overall religious context in which individuals are embedded may affect smoking during adolescence and early adulthood. In this study, multilevel regression analyses were used on nationally representative panel data to explore this understudied area. The results suggest that when a county has higher population share of conservative Protestants, youth living there are more likely to smoke. A similar robust relationship is also found for county-level mainline Protestant population share and smoking. By simultaneously examining both the individual and contextual religious effects on smoking, this study contributes to a renewed, more comprehensive understanding of an important public health and youth deviance issue.

Аgents of social control about the risks of youth deviance

The article is devoted to one of the most urgent problems of the social life – to the identifying the risks of young people’s deviance. For modern Russian realities, the growth of deviant phenomena in a given social group is characteristic. This testifies to the shortcomings of the organization of preventive social control, which is not limited to the development of a policy on prevention, but is more dependent on professional practices and ideas about the risks of deviance in the discourses of various control agents. The article presents the main approaches to understanding risks, the importance of studying risks in everyday professional practices of control agents is examined. The main attention is paid to the presentation of the research results, the purpose of which was to identify the general and specific in the content of discourses of social control agents regarding the risks of deviance of youth. The discourses of the main agents of control – police, school, social service institutions (state and non-state) are considered. The author comes to the conclusion that in the police and teacher discourses, an institutional approach, involving the use of external control of behavior, is predominantly used. The discourse of social security institutions is closer to the modern concepts of riskand protective factors, based on the need to consider life situations of youth and the development of internal control. This article may be of interest to specialists working in the field of the sociology of youth, the sociology of the family, social work, as well as to representatives of all agents of preventive social control.

Subterranean Values and Deviance: An Empirical Investigation of the Case of Spain

This study examines value similarities between deviant youth on the one hand and mainstream society on the other rather than value differences. The classic sociological research on deviance by Matza and Sykes supports this approach, given that their investigations focused more on similarities between subterranean values and the values of normal society. The General Social Survey of Spain (2016) includes 17 indicators for deviant behavior, which is the dependent variable. Likewise, it is used to define social capital and the rest of the different independent variables of the analysis. In conclusion, whereas social capital and social values were absent as causes of juvenile delinquency, the following variables explained significantly the deviant behavior among Spanish youth: tolerance towards deviance, adolescent experience, and sex. This suggests that there are at least two possible keys to improve or avoid the problem of juvenile crime: prevention or awareness programmes and new critical feminist criminology point of view.

Ncedo Ntsasa Mngqibisa and Guy Lamb

As anyone with empirical fieldwork experience knows, even best laid data collection plans rarely go off without a hitch. There is often rich learning from these challenges, although we seldom reflect on them in the literature. This interview asks UCT’s Safety and Violence Initiative (SaVI) Director, Guy Lamb, and Study Coordinator Ncedo Ntsasa Mnquibisa about their experiences carrying out the Gugulethu component of a randomised household survey project that took place in Gugulethu and Manenberg in Cape Town in 2017. Young people between the ages of 12 and 18 years old, and one of their caregivers, were interviewed using a detailed (structured) questionnaire. This project was a partnership between SaVI, Amandla EduFootball and Dr Ian Edelstein (who was based at the Human Sciences Research Council), which focused on youth resilience, deviance and development. The project was funded by the Department of Cultural Affairs and Sport in the Western Cape Provincial Government.

Working With Chinese Triad Youth Gangs: Correct Diagnosis and Strategic Intervention.

Across the world, youth workers have been active in helping vulnerable youth groups. In Hong Kong, government-funded youth services are conducted by professional social workers to help vulnerable youths. This article adopted a case study approach to investigate a youth group who committed a murder. Nine murderers and two social workers were interviewed. It aims to uncover the structure and activities of the group and analyse the gang intervention prior to the murder to find out what had gone wrong and identify the lessons that social workers can learn from the murder. Four misconceptions in gang intervention have been identified. First, because of the Triad (Chinese-organised crime) affiliation, this is not just a group of deviant youths but a youth gang. Second, because it is a gang, the social workers should not group them but should instead degroup them to avoid contamination. Third, diagnosis is different from labelling. With the right diagnosis, services can be tailor-made to delabel them. Fourth, when the youths are diagnosed as a gang, outreach work instead of centre work should be provided-social workers should reach out to the gangland to uncover the youths' gang participation and crime involvement.

Leisure, Social Capital and Life Turns in Deviant Youth

The production of social capital in a specific area of everyday life such as leisure time and the different socio-cultural it is experienced in is a very interesting research issue, especially in the light of certain pecific meanings of the notion of social capital, such as Bourdieu's or, more recently, Putnam's. Nonetheless, this research issue is scarcely taken into consideration in Italy. Albeit inexaustively, this paper intends to introduce this issue starting from a brief review on the generation of social capital in youth's leisure time contexts. In the first paragraph I problematize the notion of social capital as referred to leisure time contexts as well as analyze either the social capital literature dealing with the modes and experiences of leisure time, or the leisure time literature focusing on the construction of social capital in leisure time contexts. In the second paragraph I discuss some studies regarding the ways in which a particular age range - youth - produces social capital in leisure time contexts. In the third paragraph I focus on some studies regarding the issue of youth's leisure time as a potential antisocial time. In the fourth paragraph I introduce the discussion about the little importance given to public leisure in the service provision for youth's leisure time and the consequences determined by that in terms of social capital erosion. The conclusion offers three metaphors for understanding the trends of leisure time and sociability

Routine Activities and Delinquency: The Significance of Bonds to Society and Peer Context

This article extends prior research on routine activities and youth deviance by focusing on a broader range of routine activity patterns (RAPs) and on how their effects are conditioned by bonds to society and peer context. As hypothesized, the RAPs with the most consistent effects on delinquency were those lowest, or highest, in both structure and visibility. However, the relationship between school-related activities and delinquency was complex and varied across levels of the moderators in unexpected ways, given the structure and visibility of this RAP. Other RAPs, including unstructured peer interaction, affected delinquency independent of adolescents’ social relations, suggesting that neither social bonding nor external social control, via peer group norms, shapes the effects of situationally based opportunities for deviance on adolescents’ behaviors in a consistent manner.

“The Behavior Kids”

Youth readers navigate complex school contexts involving not only different classes, teachers, and texts but also various institutional processes, such as tracking and reading assessment. Yet little research has examined how or why adolescents’ literacy skills vary as youths interact with these myriad contexts across space and time. During this year-long study, I shadowed eight ninth graders identified as struggling readers across content classes. Data sources included 425 hours of observations, 64 interviews, assessments, and school records and artifacts. Analysis showed that participants’ interactions with interrelated institutional contexts for reading intervention and school discipline tended to position students as deficient readers and deviant youths regardless, sometimes, of engaged, skillful reading. Findings have implications for the reconstruction of secondary literacy contexts.