Deverbal Nouns Research Articles

Afiks Derivasional Pembentuk Nomina Deverbal Bahasa Arab dalam Buku Qira’atu ar-Rasyidah Jilid 1

This research is purposed to find out how the process of derivational affixes forming Arabic deverbal nouns from the Qira'atu Ar-Rasyidah Volume 1 book and what grammatical meanings arise from it. The book is a textbook at the Gontor Islamic Boarding School and its affiliates which is unique either by the story plot or the grammar. Data collection focuses on 20 texts that are familiar to beginner-level students. The data were then analyzed using the distributional method supported by the ultimate constituent analysis technique. This research results presented with informal techniques. There are 31 data of derivational affixes forming deverbal nouns in the selected texts of this book. Derivational affixes that appear based on the letter of the formers include infixes marked with the letter ا /alif/, prefixes marked with the letter م /mim/, and confixes marked with م-ة /mim-ta marbut}ah/. These affixes give rise to new grammatical meanings of the original verb, namely subjective nouns (isim fa'il), masdar nouns (isim mas}dar), objective nouns (isim maf'ul), and locative nouns (isim makan).

Особенности функционирования отглагольных существительных с приставкой «пред-» (на материале Национального корпуса русского языка)

The aim of the study is to demonstrate the potential influence of the prefix 'пред-' on the realization of deverbal nouns with this prefix in texts from specific functional spheres presented in the Russian National Corpus. The paper analyzed deverbal nouns with the prefix 'пред-' and unprefixed deverbatives across 9 functional spheres of the Russian National Corpus (ecclesiastical-theological sphere, everyday life, literary sphere, business official sphere, journalism, educational-scientific sphere, industrial-technical sphere, advertising, electronic communication). The data obtained allowed the researcher to identify the significance of the prefix 'пред-' in the functioning of units with the prefix and differences in their realization compared to unprefixed deverbal nouns. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the first-ever analysis of deverbal nouns with the prefix 'пред-' across the functional spheres of the Russian National Corpus. The work describes the characteristics of deverbatives with 'пред-' in these functional spheres and identifies the potential influence of the prefix 'пред-' on the functioning of deverbal nouns with the prefix. The results of the study indicated that among deverbatives with the prefix 'пред-', the most frequent functional spheres are mainly the ecclesiastical-theological one, the industrial-technical one (compared to unprefixed deverbal nouns), and the educational-scientific one, leading to the conclusion about the influence of the prefix 'пред-' on the functioning of the analyzed deverbatives.

A corpus-based analysis of light verb constructions with MAKE and DO in British English

The comparison of light verb constructions with the verbs make and do has not received much attention. The present paper is an attempt to contribute to the study of these constructions. It aims to analyze the light verbs make and do in combination with the same deverbal nouns to identify similarities and differences between the two light verbs and examine the contribution of the light verbs and deverbal nouns to the light verb construction in terms of semantic and syntactic features. The research is corpus-based, and the data for analysis are collected from the British National Corpus (BNC). The semantic description deals with characteristics such as generality, polysemy and aspectual meaning, and the syntactic description focuses on complementation. The analysis of findings demonstrates that, despite some similarities, almost all constructions with the two light verbs show either meaning or/and complementation differences. The study also reveals that both light verbs and deverbal nouns have an impact on the semantics and syntax of the construction. Light verbs may affect light verb constructions semantically in terms of generality and polysemy, and the aspectual meaning of constructions depends on both light verbs and deverbal nouns. Likewise, both light verbs and deverbal nouns have an influence on complementation, but in their own way: light verbs on the selection of complements and deverbal nouns on complementation patterns.

Polskie gniazda słowotwórcze z rzeczownikami wyjściowymi nazywającymi pory roku w porównaniu z rosyjskimi

The article discusses derivational nests of Polish nouns ‘wiosna’, ‘lato’, ‘jesień’, ‘zima’ in comparison with their Russian equivalents ‘весна’, ‘лето’, ‘осень’, ‘зима’. The analysis shows that in both languages the nests include nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs, and that the most productive method of word formation is the attachment of a derivational suffix. The semantics of the derivatives is influenced by the primary meaning, i.e. the name of the season. The main difference lies in the number of derivatives based on ‘zima’ / ‘зима’. In the Polish language there are 21 lexemes against 62 in Russian. Also, derivational nests in Russian contain a greater number of verbs, as well as deverbal nouns and adjectives.

When the alienability contrast fails to surface in adnominal possession: bound nouns in Harakmbut

Abstract This article investigates the nature and behavior of independent, bound and deverbal nouns at various levels of linguistic organization in Harakmbut (isolate, Peru), and assesses the explanatory potential of the alienability contrast for the data observed. While the distinction between bound and independent nouns is to a great extent motivated by the conceptual distinction between inalienably and alienably possessed items, the behavior of bound and independent nouns in adnominal possession is not. Whereas independent (and deverbal) nouns use a genitive-marked two-word construction, bound nouns can use the same one, when keeping their noun prefix, or they can use a genitive-marked one-word construction, in which they drop their prefix. It is thus argued that there is no alienability split in adnominal possession, that is, there is no coding split according to which bound nouns behave fully differently from independent nouns. This is supported by the finding that bound nouns (unlike independent and deverbal ones) also show the same choice between a two-word and a one-word coding strategy in non-possessive adnominal modification. In noun-noun compounding, the data merely reveal different preferences of bound and independent nouns for the N1 versus N2 position; here deverbal nouns behave identically to bound nouns in dropping their prefix in N2. In noun incorporation, finally, the relevance of the alienability contrast is similar to that for the two-way noun class system. Inalienable semantics (and morphological boundness) could be argued to determine the incorporability of nouns, but there are also exceptions.

TEKNIK PEMBENTUKAN NOMINA DEVERBAL BAHASA INDONESIA DAN BAHASA ARAB (ANALISIS KONTRASTIF MORFOLOGI)

<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>This research examines the technique of forming Indonesian and Arabic deverbal nouns through contrastive analysis. The method used in this research is descriptive method with a synchronous time range. That is, the technique of forming Indonesian and Arabic deverbal nouns through a morphological derivation process will be described as is. The data will be taken from books and journals that study techniques for forming Indonesian deverbal nouns, and from sorof books that discuss techniques for forming Arabic deverbal nouns. The method that will be used by the author in contrasting the components of the two languages being compared is the comparative method. The results of the study show that the formation of Indonesian deverbal nouns uses the technique of derivational formor affixes and derivational compound affixes. The formation of Arabic deverbal nouns (masdar) uses several techniques: (1) sima'i technique (generally for masdar which is formed from fi'il sulation), (2) affixation techniques (preffix, infis, suffix, config), (3) changes in internal vowel sounds, (4) following certain wazn patterns and (5) using letter removal and letter replacement techniques. However, the essence of forming Arabic deverbal nouns is using the sima'i technique and following certain wazn patterns. As for whether or not the formation of Arabic deverbal nouns (masdar) is regular, some are formed regularly by following a special wazn pattern called the term qiyasi, and some are formed irregularly called the term goiru kiyasi, whose formation technique uses the sima'i technique.</em></p>

Paradigmatic relations in Construction Morphology: the case of Dutch Noun+Verb compounds

The formal and semantic properties of Noun+Verb compounds in Dutch can be accounted for by means of paradigmatically related word-constructional schemas. We can form verbal compounds with an infinitival head from nominal compounds with a deverbal head noun, for instance boekbespreken ‘to book-review’, derived from boekbespreking ’book review’ through substitution of ‑ing by ‑en. The paradigmatically related constructions of verbal compounds with an infinitival head and nominal compounds with a deverbal head thus constitute a paradigm for word formation. The paradigmatic origin of verbal compounds makes the rare use of finite forms of these compounds understandable. The form of nominalizations for Noun+Verb compounds provides additional evidence for the paradigmatic origin of these verbal compounds. The analysis proposed lends support to morphological frameworks in which paradigmatic relations between words play a crucial role, such as Construction Morphology.

How complex are deverbal nouns? Argument and event structure in synthetic -ing compounds in English

How complex are deverbal nouns? Argument and event structure in synthetic -ing compounds in English

GERMAN DEVERBATIVES: FROM TAXIS FUNCTIONS TO THEIR ACTUALIZATION

This article is devoted to the issue of taxis functions-potencies and functions-realizations of German deverbative nouns. Functions-potencies of deverbatives consist in their ability to take part in the actualization of various taxis categorical values of simultaneity and non-simultaneity (primary-taxis and secondarytaxis). Functions-realizations of deverbatives demonstrate when they function in statements with adverbial prepositions and in interaction with the taxis environment, constituted (in addition to prepositions) by verbs, as well as by various explicators (durative-aspective, phase, iterative, conditional). The study found that, in combination with the temporal prepositions während, bei, in, mit, nach, vor, seit, bis / bis zu, deverbatives of various lexical and derivational semantics actualize the primary taxis categorial meanings of simultaneity, precedence and following. When used with prepositions of other adverbial semantics (instrumental, conditional, final, causal, concessive, consecutive), German deverbatives show the ability to actualize secondary-taxis meanings of simultaneity (conditional, instrumental, final, causal, concessive, etc.). Prepositions of different semantics are prototypical components of the taxis environment and act as certain taxis markers. The ‘inventory’ of implemented taxis functions is quite diverse and variable. In addition to prepositions, it is determined by such constituents of the taxis environment as phasic verbs, as well as iterative, phasic and durative-aspect adverbials. Under the conditions of functioning in various taxis environments (in particular, phase-taxis, iterative-taxis, durative-taxis, etc.), German deverbatives realize various conjugate taxis meanings (iterative-primary-taxis, phase-primary-taxis, durativeprimary-taxis).

Action Nominal Constructions and Their Use in a Swedish COVID-19 Corpus

Swedish has two main types of action nominal constructions (ANCs), either compounding or phrasal (incorporating or nominal, in Koptjevskaja-Tamm 1993), which contain deverbal nouns in -ande or -(n)ing, along with dependent elements. This study investigates Swedish ANCs in use, based on a limited data set from a COVID-19 corpus. It adopts a lexeme-based approach, where deverbal nouns (simplex action nominals), whether including -ande or ‑(n)ing, are morphological constructs and contain a verb lexeme, specified for a list of arguments and an event structure. The study focusses on two questions: to what extent do the two suffixes occur in the compounding versus phrasal ANCs, and to what extent and by what means are the arguments of the verbal base expressed in the compounding versus phrasal ANCs. The data of 328 ANCs (type) show that compounding ANCs predominate over phrasal ANCs, whether combined with -ande or -(n)ing, and that -(n)ing is much more frequent than -ande. As for the expression of arguments, the compounding ANCs contain equally often a modifier (similar to NN-compounding) or an Arg2/internal argument, whereas the phrasal ANCs more often express the Arg2. The Arg1/external argument tends to be expressed as a preposed genitive in one out of ten cases in both compounding and phrasal ANCs. Within a lexeme-based account, we can speak of a gradual transition from morphological constructions, more typically primary compounds (noun-noun) and less typically deverbal compounds (such as compounding ANCs), over to syntactic constructions (such as phrasal ANCs). In conclusion, the study suggests that compounding ANCs are the preferred option in contemporary Swedish for both suffixes, with compounding ANCs, in particular those with -(n)ing, bordering on NN-compounding. Given that both phrasal and compounding ANCs with -ande or -(n)ing occur, albeit to different extents, competition between the morphological and syntactic patterns remains unresolved.

Accessing Deverbal Nouns in L1 and L2 Arabic: A Masked-Priming Experiment

The current study examines how non-native speakers process deverbal nouns of Arabic. Unlike Indo-European languages, the word-formation process in Arabic occurs in a discontinuous manner. The root morpheme (carrying the core semantic information) interlocks in the word pattern morpheme (which holds the phonological and morpho-syntactic information). Research on Arabic shows that Arabic native speakers decompose derived and inflected (deverbal nouns and verbs) complex words during lexical processing. Priming studies on word processing did not appear to have consistent findings on whether L2 speakers decompose or fully list the complex forms; Using a masked-priming experiment, this study examined whether native and non-native speakers of Arabic decompose derived words, particularly, deverbal nouns in real-time. We tested a group of L1 Turkish /L2 Arabic learners and L1 Arabic speakers on six experimental conditions in which the relationship between prime and target is either morphological, orthographic, or semantic. The results indicated priming effects in the morphological conditions for native speakers, but not for non-native speakers. This shows that native speakers decompose deverbal nouns into their word patterns and root morphemes whereas non-native speakers list them as whole forms during online processing. These findings support the claim that L1 and L2 use different strategies in real-time processing of derived words.

Verb-to-noun conversion in Polish: Multiple schemas in Construction Morphology

AbstractThis article shows that deverbal conversion nouns in Polish fall into several classes, depending on their inflectional properties and on their semantic interpretation, e. g.rzut‘throw’,rząd‘government’,odnowa‘renovation’, andprzystań‘haven, wharf’. In a theoretical framework which recognizes zero morphemes as nominalizers, such a situation would call for the recognition of many homonymous zero affixes (each specifying a distinct inflection class or a different semantic paraphrase of the resulting zero-derivative). It is argued here that a more felicitous account of this type of verb-to-noun derivation in Polish can be offered in the framework of Construction Morphology. It involves the postulation of multiple construction schemas which express the form-meaning correspondence observable in various subtypes of conversion nouns. Such low-level schemas are treated as instantiations of more general (high-level) schemas and they form a network of morphological constructions in a hierarchical lexicon.

The zero suffix in English and Italian deverbal nouns

AbstractIn this paper we bring evidence from English and Italian deverbal zero nominals (to climb>the climb-ØN) that zero is a possible spell-out of a nominalizer otherwise overtly instantiated in suffixed nominals (examin-ation). We argue in favor of a Distributed Morphology approach, a separationist theory that recognizes and easily implements zero morphology with underlying syntax-semantics. Abstracting away from other theoretical trends and their foundational reasons to refrain from using zero suffixes, we address three properties that have been argued to fundamentally distinguish zero nominals from overtly suffixed nominals, with the implication that they instantiate a different word formation process: i) realization of verbal argument structure, ii) possibility of embedding verbalizing suffixes, and iii) semantic transparency in relation to the verb. By means of corpus data and two manually collected datasets of 561 English and 174 Italian zero nominals based on lexicographic information, we bring solid evidence against these claims, by arguing that: i) a great proportion of zero nominals do realize verbal argument structure, ii) the zero affix may embed verbalizing affixes within the limits of the selectional restrictions it independently imposes on its base, and iii) zero nominals present the same patterns of polysemy that suffixed nominals display. However, we show that zero nominals also present some idiosyncrasies to the extent that not all of them express compositional event readings with argument structure, a matter that deserves further research within the frame of their competition with suffixed nominals.

Language contact between Italian and English: a case study on nouns ending in the suffix -ing

Abstract The article deals with how English deverbal nouns with the suffix -ing have been imported into Italian. The focus is on the semantic characteristics of these borrowed nouns in Italian and, in particular, on the question of whether they have been borrowed not as simple sign-concept pairings but with argument and event structure. In previous research, it has been claimed that argument and event structure need to be licensed by some overt functional element. Hence, borrowed deverbal nouns should have argument structure and event structure only if they have an overt affix, in other words, only if the forms are not borrowed holistically as unsegmented words but retain internal morphological structure, implying that morphological borrowing of the affix has occurred. When a foreign affix combines with native bases of the recipient language, this is often considered an important criterion for morphological borrowing, which is clearly not the case for the suffix -ing in Italian. Here, it will be shown that contrary to expectation, numerous occurrences with argument and event structure may be found in a large Italian web corpus for a sample of English deverbal nouns ending in -ing, borrowed into (certain registers) of Italian.

Multiplicative and iterative deverbatives as a means of taxis actualization (based on the German language)

The semantics of multiplicity (iteration, multiplicativity) is studied in the sphere of verbal and nominal plurality. The relevance of this study is related to the consideration of deverbative nouns of multiplicative and iterative semantics as a means of updating taxic meanings. The material of the study was German phrases with deverbative-multiplicatives and deverbative-iteratives selected by the targeted search method from the electronic database of the Leipzig National Corpus. In the course of the study, inductive, deductive, descriptive, contextual and other methods were used. The article analyzes multiplicative and iterative deverbatives used with prepositions of different adverbial semantics. The purpose of the study is to describe the functions of multiplicative and iterative deverbatives that they implement in the process of taxis actualization of the values of simultaneity and diversity. The main objective of the study is to describe the semantic and taxis functionality of deverbatives with the semantics of genetic multiplicativity and genetic and word-formation iteration. As a result of the study, it was found that when used with prepositions of temporal semantics whrend, seit, vor, nach, etc. deverbative-multiplicatives and deverbative-iteratives actualize multiplicative-primary-taxis and iterative-primary-taxis meanings of simultaneity, precedence or succession. When combined with prepositions of other circumstantial semantics unter, durch, vor, wegen, aufgrund, dank, trotz, ungeachtet, infolge, zu, fr, zwecks, etc., the considered German deverbatives take part in the actualization of various variants of multiplicative-secondary-taxis meanings of simultaneity, in particular, modal-taxis, instrumental-taxis, medial-taxis, causal-taxis, concession-taxis, etc. Multiplicative and iterative deverbatives perform the function of multiplicative-taxis and iterative-taxis participants.

From noun to future tense

Abstract This article explores a typologically unusual but recurrent evolutionary path of innovated future formations neglected by typological research: the change of predicative deverbal nouns (understood here in the broad sense of any deverbal nominal expression/formation) – namely agent nouns and participles – denoting actions typical of referents to future verb-forms via hypoanalysis. Starting with an overview of typologically recurrent ways of creating new future formations, the article seeks to demonstrate that the l-future found in the three Nuristani languages Nuristani Kalasha, Ashkun and Katë developed from active participles designating actions typical of their referents. As a typological parallel of this development the Vedic Sanskrit tā́-future is established, and it is shown by the example of the English will + infinitive future and the futurate use of Russian perfective non-past verb-forms how the change of predicative deverbal nouns denoting actions typical of referents to future verb-forms is brought about by means of hypoanalysis.

An account of agentive suffixes in Luganda

This article is situated within the theoretical context of Word-Formation and the Weak Lexicalism framework. It examines agent noun formation in Luganda, an East African Bantu language. Using an electronic journalistic corpus from a Luganda daily, this study specifically analyses the formation of de-verbal agent nouns and the corresponding morphological paradigms of suffixation. The results demonstrate in contrast with findings made by Ferrari-Bridgers (2009), thatmagentive suffixes exist in Luganda, dominated by the suffix -i.

Deverbatives as a Means of Actualization of Taxis Polymorphy

This article considers deverbative nouns as a means of actualizing taxis polymorphism. Taxis polymorphy refers to the polyvariety of taxis categorical meanings realized by deverbatives when used with adverbial prepositions. The material of the study was German, Dutch and English utterances with deverbatives, selected by directional sampling from the database of the Leipzig National Corpus (LC) and the Electronic Dictionary of the German Language (DWDS). Taxis polymorphy, actualized by deverbatives, is due to a number of factors related to the constituent composition of their functioning environment. First of all, it is specified by the heterogeneous semantic potential of prepositions, including polysemic prepositions in, bei, mit, unter, durch, bij, met, voor, at, on, upon, with, by, through. In addition, it can be determined by such elements of the taxis environment as phasal verbs, as well as iterative, phasal and durative adverbials and attributes. In the corresponding taxis environment, deverbatives act as actualizers of syncretic phase-taxis, iterative-taxis and durative-taxis categorical meanings of simultaneity, precedence and sequence.

Compounding with a Polymorphic Deverbaliser in Turkish

This paper is concerned with compounds headed by nouns built by the deverbaliser -Im in Turkish. Our basic observation is that they polymorphically correspond to compounds such as ‘home-made’ as well as compounds such as ‘cake-baking’. We argue that the theme has a distinguished status in these compounds, suggesting that the base for -Im cannot be a plain event predicate, but has an argument structure. Thus, as we provide a compositional semantics for compounds built by -Im, we also hope to contribute to the debate on whether the base of a deverbal noun may have argument structure or not.

LINGUO-STYLISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NOVEL UNDER THE PEELING CEILING BY GORAN PETROVIĆ

The subject of the paper is the linguistic and stylistic features of the novel Under the Peeling Ceiling by Goran Petrović. The aim is to learn: (1) linguistic means used to shape discourse and (2) stylistic specificities of the novel. Linguistic features are considered on: (1) morphological and (2) lexical level. Each of the mentioned language levels has certain stylistic specificities. The results of the analysis showed that, on the morphological level, it is important to consider the use of: (1) verb tenses and their narrative functions (perfect, as well as present and future and with a transposed, preterite meaning) and (2) adjectives (with the syntactic function of attribute and noun part of the predicate), and with the squeeze value of the epithet. The specificity of the novel on the lexical level is shown by the use of expressive lexis (onymic lexis, creations, loanwords, deverbative nouns, diminutives/ hypocoristics, exclamations, pejoratives). The aforementioned language features formed the style of Goran Petrović's narration in the novel Under the peeling ceiling.