Development Of Positive Psychology Research Articles

COVID-19-related post-traumatic growth in the general public: a cross-sectional study from Yunnan, China

ABSTRACT To investigate post-traumatic growth induced by COVID-19 pandemic in certain Yunnan residents and to analyze its influencing factors. A total of 581 permanent residents of Yunnan province completed the electronic questionnaire from 18 April 2020 to 26 April 2020. Logistic regression analysis showed that the educational levels, self-perceived health status, family history of infectious diseases, family history of infectious diseases, personality and frequency of going through COVID-19 related news were influencing factors of PTG (P < 0.05). As a traumatic event, the threat of COVID-19 may enable some people to gain positive psychological development in adversity. This will provide reference for public psychological crisis intervention following the COVID-19 pandemic.

Determining Factors of Psychological Performance and Differences among Age Categories in Youth Football Players

Within the determining factors of psychological performance, mental toughness is considered a multidimensional factor, comprising cognitive, affective, and behavioural components together with self-confidence, which is related to success in sports performance as well as psychological health and well-being. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between different factors composing mental toughness and age categories in young football players, in order to determine the presence of specific psychological skills in their formative progression. A total of 118 male players (16.91 ± 2.42 years old) completed the Spanish version by Cernuda (1988) of the original Psychological Performance Inventory (PPI) by Loher (1982, 1986). The results indicated significant differences in four variables (negative energy control, attention control, visual and image control, motivational level) on three different age categories, where the U19 category showed the best results for all the variables, decreasing afterwards in the semi-professional category. Significant correlations were established between mental toughness variables and age categories, where the age category variable was significantly correlated in a positive way with attention control, visual and image control, and motivational level. In the same line, the variable self-confidence correlated positively with negative energy control, attention control, motivational level, attention control, and positive energy. The assessment of psychological variables such as mental toughness, taking into account the formative stage, may be helpful for both coaches and players when selecting adequate mental skill training for improving competitive performance and sporting success, as well as for positive and healthy psychological development and well-being.

A Study of the Influence of Campus Ecological Environment Integrated Art Education on Learning Attitudes and Effectiveness

Natural ecology is the basis of social development. The destruction of natural ecological environment would limit the development of society. Environmental issues have become the commonly concerned problems internationally and globally. Promoting the public knowledge and awareness of environmental problems as well as understanding of the correlations among living environment, resources, and humans through education would absolutely be urgent for educators. Campus environment is the best place for students’ ecological education and learning; therefore, a campus with good ecological environment would to-some-degree assist in the overall campus ecology. To maintain the overall balance between campus ecological environment and biological conservation, build natural landscape, and create aquatic and terrestrial habitats, traditional ecological environment engineering should be regulated to suit the sustainable development of ecological campus environment with biological conservation and ecological restoration environment. With college students in Guangxi as the research objects, total 288 students from two classes each in universities, as the experimental research objects, are preceded the 16-week (3 hours per week for total 48 hours) experimental teaching research. The research results conclude that 1.campus ecological environment integrated art education would affect learning motivation, 2.campus ecological environment integrated art education would affect learning effectiveness, 3.learning motivation presents significantly positive effects on learning effect in learning effectiveness, and 4.learning motivation shows remarkably positive effects on learning gain in learning effectiveness. According to the results to propose suggestions, it is expected to establish students’ identification and the successive belongingness through environmental integrated art education to assist students in overcoming the personality development stage for the positive psychological development.

Development of a measure of kindness

In the spirit of the growing developments in positive psychology, there is an increasing interest in how kind people are to each other. Yet, this area lacks any strong psychometric instrument. An initial exploratory study demonstrated that a 40-item questionnaire, completed by 165 people, revealed distinct aspects of kindness when subjected to multivariate analysis. A subsequent study is reported, using the structure of the exploratory results to further clarify the conceptual framework (Study 1). The revised 45-item questionnaire was administered to 1039 individuals from the general British population. Smallest Space Analysis of the variables, supported by Factor analysis, confirmed the hypothesis of two facets to kindness, the psychological source of the action (from principles or empathy), and the form of expression (through psychological involvement or following social prescription. It also revealed an additional general, core kindness, labelled Anthropophilia. Reliable scales derived from the combinations of the two elements from each facet were identified: Affective-Socially Prescribed; Affective-Proactive; Principle-Socially Prescribed and Principle-Proactive. Intercorrelations between the scales revealed that they measure different modes of kindness. Comparisons between male and female respondents provided external validity for the questionnaire. Study 2 (N = 251) reported that the scales measure independent dimensions when correlated with similar and dissimilar concepts.

The Impact of Psycho-Social Interventions on the Wellbeing of Individuals With Acquired Brain Injury During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Individuals with Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) suffer chronic impairment across cognitive, physical and psycho-social domains, and the experience of anxiety, isolation and apathy has been amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative evaluation was conducted of 14 individuals with ABI who had participated in series of COVID adapted group-based intervention(s) that had been designed to improve wellbeing. Eight themes were identified: Facilitating Safety, Fostering Positive Emotion, Managing and Accepting Difficult Emotions, Promoting Meaning, Finding Purpose and Accomplishment, Facilitating Social Ties, (Re)Connecting to Nature, and Barriers to Efficacy. Findings are discussed with respects to recent theoretical developments in positive psychology and wellbeing science and support the use of online and outdoor interventions to enhance wellbeing in individuals living with ABI during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper makes a unique contribution to second wave positive psychology (PP2.0) through the application of recent advances in wellbeing science to an ABI population during the COVID-19 pandemic. In doing so, this paper lays the foundation for new interventions that not only reduce impairment and distress, but also create opportunities for meaning and enhanced wellbeing in people living with chronic conditions and those individuals living with ABI in particular.

Positive masculinity in the outdoors: applying a systems lens to evaluate an adolescent outdoor education program

Outdoor education programs have been shown to enhance the development of positive psychology and wellbeing in students. However, there is a lack of research investigating the specific components within outdoor education programs that may enhance positive psychology and, in particular, positive masculinity. The aim of the current study was to investigate a specific outdoor education program targeted for adolescent males with the purpose of developing positive masculinity. A systems analysis framework, Work Domain Analysis, was used to model the program components and interactions between them, to evaluate how they influence the development of positive masculinity. The Work Domain Analysis model was developed from data obtained from four previous participants of the program, and eight subject matter experts (SMEs) who participated in online questionnaires, and face to face online or telephone interviews. The Work Domain Analysis was subsequently refined during an SME workshop, and validated by SMEs post-workshop. The Work Domain Analysis identified multiple components of the program, that were intended to enhance the development of positive masculinity. These include the structured and unstructured activities, the debrief and guided reflections, and Elders night. Recommendations of how the program could be enhanced to focus on mental health challenges in young men from rural community are discussed. Future research could investigate the specific functions of the program and their effects on desired outcome measures in outdoor education programs.

Work-Family Conflict and Primary and Secondary School Principals' Work Engagement: A Moderated Mediation Model.

With the development of positive psychology, work engagement has received widespread attention from researchers in the fields of positive organizational behavior and occupational health. Some studies have shown that work-family conflict has an important influence on individual behaviors and attitudes, but little research has studied the influence of work-family conflict on work engagement. The present study examined whether the relationship between work-family conflict and work engagement was mediated by job satisfaction, and whether the mediating role was moderated by affective commitment. We surveyed 358 Chinese primary and secondary school principals using the Work-Family Conflict Scale, Job Satisfaction Scale, Affective Commitment Scale, and Work Engagement Scale. The results revealed that there is a significant negative correlation between work-family conflict and primary and secondary school principals’ work engagement, and this relationship was partially mediated by job satisfaction. Moreover, affective commitment played a moderating role in the relationship between job satisfaction and work engagement. Specifically, the relationship between job satisfaction and work engagement was significant for primary and secondary school principals with high and low affective commitment. The current study contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between work-family conflict and work engagement.

Clarification of Psychological Change and Development in Stressful Situations

Previous studies about stress suggested that stressors are associated with positive feelings when they are regarded as “challenge”. In such cases, the stressors can contribute to one’s mental health as eustress related to positive feelings and healthy physical states. This study conducted a questionnaire in the form of free description focusing on people’s awareness of stress and mental and physical stress responses. The purpose of this study is to clarify characteristics of stressful situations which lead to positive psychological change and development by analyzing descriptive data. Free description acquired from the questionnaire was analyzed by means of co-occurrence network and self-organizing maps. The analysis of the free-description revealed the characteristics of eustress and distress, stress regarded as threat or challenge, and thoughts, behaviors, and situations in the process of changing the evaluation of stress. From the results of analysis, it can be said that even in a stress situation that feels like a “threat”, the situation can be re-evaluated as a “challenge” by causing a positive psychological transformation that raises confidence in problem sol-ving.

A Study on Four-in-One Training Scheme of Children's Mental Resiliency Under the Perspective of Positive Psychology

Resilience is a kind of psychological adjustment ability that children can still develop smoothly and achieve better results from the condition of difficulties or setbacks and other risk factors. With the rapid development of positive psychology and the continuous expansion of its connotation, the relationship between positive psychology and resilience in theoretical research and practical application has been strengthened, which has a profound impact on the development of children's resilience. Therefore, based on the perspective of positive psychology, this study constructs a four-in-one children's resilience training program with positive psychological orientation from individual, family, school and society, and infiltrates the basic concept and content of the program into daily education practice, so as to cultivate children's positive psychological resilience and improve their psychological health level, whether from the quality of talent training or children's self-development has extremely important practical significance.

Stigma, depression, and post-traumatic growth among Chinese stroke survivors: A longitudinal study examining patterns and correlations

ABSTRACT Background With the development of positive psychology, several studies show that positive and negative emotions are not always opposing. Understanding how positive and negative emotions correlate and the factors contributing to resilience in stroke survivors requires further research. Objectives To identify the patterns and correlations of stigma, depression, and posttraumatic growth (PTG) among stroke survivors. Methods Stroke-related stigma, depression, PTG, and neurological status were evaluated at 1-month and 3 months post-stroke using the Stroke Stigma Scale (SSS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Chinese version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (C-PTGI), modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). The paired t-test, nonparametric test, and Spearman’s correlation test were used to analyze differences and relationships between results at the two time points. Results At 3 months compared to 1-month post-stroke, we found significant reductions in mRS and stigma scores, and an increase in PTGI scores, while the PHQ-9 scores reduced non-significantly. SSS, PHQ-9, and mRS scores were positively correlated with each other at time1 (all P < .01), and all showed no significant relationships with PTGI scores (all P > .05). Social support scores were negatively correlated with stigma (P < .01), PHQ-9 (P < .01), and PTGI scores (P > .05) at 3 months. Conclusions Stroke-related stigma is strongly associated with depression while neither of them has significant relationships with PTG during the early stage of survivors’ rehabilitation in our study. Neurological impairment is a risk factor for negative emotions and increasing individualized support may reduce stigma, depression, and promote PTG in the long term.

How gratitude inhibits envy: From the perspective of positive psychology.

With the development of positive psychology, gratitude, as a typical positive emotion, has attracted significant attention. Gratitude has a profoundly positive effect on cultivating people's positive traits, and negative emotions affect many aspects of people's daily lives. Many studies have explored the inhibiting effect of gratitude on negative emotions. In this study, based on the coping theory and the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotion, we used scenario method to discuss the inhibiting effect of trait gratitude and state gratitude on a common and typical negative emotion: situational envy. We randomly recruited 326 undergraduate students as participants and asked them to complete the Gratitude Questionnaire, Dispositional Envy Scale, state gratitude materials, and situational envy materials. Our results showed that (1) state gratitude inhibits situational envy and (2) state gratitude plays a partial mediating role between trait gratitude and situational envy. This article suggests educational field for future school should devote more attention to gratitude, and lay a good foundation for students' future development in society. Taken together, these results verify the positive role of gratitude, help to expand relevant theories about inhibiting envy, and provide a theoretical reference for cultivating people's positive traits and countering negative emotions.

INTRODUCTION - Latest developments in Positive Psychology: The case of Greece

In the last two decades, there is a rapid growth of the research initiative on Positive Psychology not only internationally but also in Greece. The present special issue aims at bringing together, highlighting, and promoting research and applications of Positive Psychology in Greece. At first, the authors introduce readers to the history and roots of Positive Psychology and focus on how research on Positive Psychology flourished in Greece. Moreover, emphasis is given on the core concepts of Positive Psychology, namely wellbeing, experiencing positive emotions, psychological resilience, and character strengths. Authors focus on the research conducted in Greece, the psychological instruments that measure them, and the applications of Positive Psychology, e.g. positive education, positive organizations, positive psychotherapy, and positive psychology interventions. To close with, the authors introduce readers to the eleven articles, which are included in the present special issue by presenting their main findings.

Purpose in life as a guiding framework for goal engagement and motivation

AbstractOne of the biggest challenges for research on goal pursuit and self‐regulation has been to understand factors that drive one's goals over the long‐term as well as day‐to‐day. Purpose in life, a component of psychological wellbeing has received increased interest in the health sciences for its ability to predict a myriad of health behaviours. The present work integrates the literature on purpose in life with goal organization and pursuit and posits that purpose in life represents a higher‐order cognitive process which reciprocally stimulates goal selection and long‐term goal maintenance and is itself promoted by such goal pursuits. Purpose in life may influence goal selection consciously through a top‐down hierarchy of goal pursuits as well as unconsciously through direction of nonconscious attentional processes. Goal pursuit may reciprocally promote feelings of purpose in life when individuals are able to continually make strides towards goals of personal relevance to their major life aims. This study aims to present a model of purpose in life and goal pursuit that will serve to guide future work in the fields of motivation, positive psychology, and health and lifespan development.

The Influence of Entrepreneurs' Psychological Capital on Their Deviant Innovation Behavior.

This study explores the influence of psychological capital on the deviant innovation behavior, with the purpose of realizing the application and development of positive psychology in the field of innovation and creation. First, the data was obtained based on the questionnaire, and the Likert scale was adopted to measure the variables effectively, in which 1 point means “never,” 2 points mean “rarely,” and 5 points mean “always.” Second, the SPSS 26.0 statistical analysis software was adopted, and a statistical analysis was made on the correlation among deviant innovation, psychological capital, work values, and work remodeling. Third, the relationship between psychological capital and deviant innovation behavior was explored using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The results showed that the reliability of each scale is good, Cronbach’s α coefficients are all higher than 0.8, and the fitting effect of the four-factor model is the best, proving that the highest differentiation validity can be achieved using the proposed method. Furthermore, there are significant correlations among entrepreneur’s psychological capital, entrepreneur’s work values, and entrepreneurship work remodeling and deviant innovation behavior, among which the psychological capital and work values are the most correlated with deviant innovation. With the psychological capital of entrepreneurs as the adjustment variable and the interaction added, the explanation rate of the level equation is increased from 17 to 24.2%. Therefore, the psychological capital of entrepreneurs plays a very big role in regulating work values and deviant innovation behavior. In the current environment of innovation and entrepreneurship development, it is necessary for entrepreneurs to give full reign to the regulatory role of their own psychological capital, so as to promote the development of self-active deviant innovation activities and encourage employees to actively innovate and create.

Development and Effects of Positive Psychology Promoting Program for Undergraduate Nursing Students

Development and Effects of Positive Psychology Promoting Program for Undergraduate Nursing Students

THE ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT AS MEDIATOR BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL AND EMPLOYEE WELL-BEING

Psychological capital (PsyCap) is personal power and autonomy in every person, which is one of the factors that affect an employee's well-being. PsyCap as the development of positive psychology could strengthen individuals in understanding their competency and enhancing their capabilities, as well as the concept of psychological empowerment. Furthermore, psychological empowerment is also a factor in the employee's well-being; therefore, this study purpose to find out whether the relationship of PsyCap and employee well-being has a role of psychological empowerment as a mediator. The total of respondents is 307 employees in the services company. The analysis technique applied the mediation regression analysis model no. 4 by Hayes. The results showed that the relationship between PsyCap and employee well-being, contained the role of psychological empowerment as a partial mediator. Wherein, PsyCap will have a more significant effect if through psychological empowerment first. This study like dew in the desert where this study seeks to cover the gap in previous research and, especially for psychology literature regarding these three variables.

The Role of Positive Psychology In Fostering Growth

In 1998, Martin Seligman proposed the theory of Positive Psychology in the field of Psychology. Over the years, positive psychology has proved to be an exciting and influential development in the field of psychology. Positive psychology is a study of the traits and habits of fully functioning human beings, which helps psychology experts, mental health professionals, and other human service professionals to understand and make best use of the human potential and to serve as a guide to where psychology can lead to in the foreseeable future. Rather than focus on causation of pathologies originating within the individual, positive psychology focus shifts to the interaction of the individual within their environment and the re-establishment and development of their own growth potential. Following a strengths-based ideology, positive psychology seeks to build and inspire the “good life worth living” rather than repairing the bad. The sequence of this meta-analysis of literature knowledge describes the historical development of positive psychology, its tenets, and their application in fostering growth. Keywords: Positive Psychology, Optimism, Happiness, Broadening, Courage, Self-efficacy, Strength, Subjective Well-being, Peak Performance, Satisfaction, Creativity, Goal-setting, Flourishing, Mindset, Constructs, Hope

Kepentingan Pendidikan Humanistik dalam Pengembangan Psikologi

This article aims to analyze the importance of humanistic education from a psychological standpoint. Humanistic education can be considered as a form of education that promotes positive psychological development. Through humanistic education, human dignity is elevated as much as human intellect can be, and thinking can be further developed. Humanistic education also enlivens human nature through the realization of one's existence. However, humanistic education must be in line with religion so that students will not be confused by the true meaning of freedom. True human values must be based on religion and not on mere logic

СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ КОНФЛІКТИ У КОЛЕКТИВІ

У статті розкривається сутність, структура соціально-психологічного конфлікту як специфічного конфлікту а також виявляється найбільш значущі соціально-психологічні методи попередження та вирішення конфліктів. Суть дослідження у тому, що соціально-психологічні конфлікти відіграють важливу роль у процесі ставлення особистості, адже потрібно правильно виходити з конфліктних ситуацій шляхом вирішення конфліктів у колективі. Якщо спробувати оцінити соціально-побутовий конфлікт то можна сказати, що він ніколи не буває виключно позитивним чи негативним, адже конфлікт це є позитивним моментом соціального та психологічного розвитку особистості, саме тому дана стаття є важливою в процесі ставлення, розвитку особистості у колективі. Важливо зрозуміти, що соціально-психологічний конфлікт перш за все обумовлений у першу чергу соціальними детермінантами. Виходячи з цього, можна виділити з одного боку присутність вторинних соціально-психологічних аспектів, а з іншого наявністькласу конфліктів, які створюються соціально-психологічними факторами. На основі аналізу зроблено висновки, щодо виникнення соціально-психологічних конфліктів у колективах. Основна задача статті це визначення прояви соціально-психологічного конфлікту у колективі та способи його вирішення. Визначити основні стилі вирішення конфлікту, стратегії вирішення конфлікту, та прояви соціально-психологічного конфлікту у військових підрозділах. Актуальність теми полягає у тому, що уявлення про соціально-психологічні конфлікти періодично змінюються.

Moderating Role of Acculturation and School Type on Association between Parenting Style and Positive Psychological Development among Iranian Adolescents in Malaysia

This study examines the moderating role of acculturation and school type (Iranian vs. International schools) on the association between parenting style and positive psychological development (PPD) among Iranian youth in Malaysia. Some 194 Iranian adolescents were selected from Iranian and International schools using the stratified random sampling method. The Iranian Version of the Self-Identity Acculturation Scale (SL-ASIA), Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ), and Positive Youth Development-Short Form (PYD-SF) were employed. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used for data analysis. The results indicated that acculturation moderated the association between father involvement and poor monitoring in the PPD of adolescents. Moreover, positive parenting moderated the correlation between the total scores for acculturation and PPD, although the school type did not. The current study has indicated the importance of the role of acculturation on the association between parenting and PPD of migrated Iranian adolescents in host countries.