Development Of Logic Research Articles

A Continuity in Logical Development: Domain-General Disjunctive Inference by Toddlers.

Children grow up surrounded by opportunities to learn (the language of their community, the movements of their body, other people's preferences and mental lives, games, social norms, etc.). Here, we find that toddlers (N = 36; age range 2.3-3.2 years) rely on a logical reasoning strategy, Disjunctive Inference (i.e., A OR B, A is ruled out, THEREFORE, B), across a variety of situations, all before they have any formal education or extensive experience with words for expressing logical meanings. In learning new words, learning new facts about a person, and finding the winner of a race, toddlers systematically consider and reject competitors before deciding who must be the winner. This suggests that toddlers may have a general-purpose logical reasoning tool that they can use in any situation.

Development Logic From Regional Cuisine to Global Fast Food — A Case Study of Lanzhou Beef Noodles

Lanzhou Beef Noodles is a distinctive regional food in and around Lanzhou, China. With the development of the society, Lanzhou Beef Noodles has become a shared culinary cultural element among people across many parts of China and even expanding globally. The phenomenon of “Lanzhou Beef Noodles” evolving into “Lanzhou Ramen” and spreading throughout the streets worldwide highlights the combined significance of this food and its business. This combination has led to the dual expansion of the economic significance of cuisine and the social significance of business. Using ethnographic research methods based on anthropology and incorporating anthropological theories of business, this paper argues that adhering to traditional culinary standards constitutes a core competitiveness and value advantage of Lanzhou Beef Noodles. A rational operation of capital plays a crucial social role in the process of business inheritance and transformation. The joint efforts of the government and the private sector, along with an adaptive business model, have transformed Lanzhou Beef Noodles from a culinary cultural resource into a cultural capital. This transition is the developmental logic behind the widespread success of Lanzhou Beef Noodles, making it a culinary delight locally, nationally and globally.

Online course as a means of developing master's professional competencies: results of a pedagogical experiment

The article proposes a solution to a scientific problem, which is to substantiate the feasibility of using online courses in the professional training of masters in the pedagogical university, to develop an online course and experimentally test its effectiveness as a means of developing the professional competencies of masters in the speciality 014~Secondary Education (Mathematics). The author used the following methods of scientific research: pedagogical experiment, observation (for systematic perception and analysis of learning activities, motivation and personal growth of students in the context of blended learning), testing (to determine the level of logical thinking and development of students’ professional competences), questionnaire (to monitor the ergonomics and efficiency of the online course and the Mathematics teacher’s e-portfolio), expert evaluation of the developed online course, and methods of mathematical statistics (for proper processing of experimental data and verification of the online course’ effectiveness). The results of the control stage of the study indicate a positive trend in the development of mathematical, information and educational, methodological, psychological and pedagogical, and professional and technological competencies of students in the experimental group. The final test of the online course was chosen as a tool for determining the level of mathematical competencies of the masters in the experimental group. The reliability of the assessment of the masters’ professional competencies was confirmed by testing the hypothesis of the normal distribution of test results according to the Shapiro-Wilk test. In addition, a close correlation between students' academic achievement level in an online course and the level of logical thinking development was substantiated using the Student’s t-test. Prospects for further research include the development of online courses on Mathematics teaching methods with an emphasis on methodical, professional, and technological competencies; a detailed study of the impact of the latest information technologies (artificial intelligence, virtual and augmented reality, web programming, etc.) on the development of students’ information and educational professional competences in distance and blended learning.

Correction: The Logical Development of Pretense Imagination

Correction: The Logical Development of Pretense Imagination

Progress in Spin Logic Devices Based on Domain-Wall Motion.

Spintronics, utilizing both the charge and spin of electrons, benefits from the nonvolatility, low switching energy, and collective behavior of magnetization. These properties allow the development of magnetoresistive random access memories, with magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) playing a central role. Various spin logic concepts are also extensively explored. Among these, spin logic devices based on the motion of magnetic domain walls (DWs) enable the implementation of compact and energy-efficient logic circuits. In these devices, DW motion within a magnetic track enables spin information processing, while MTJs at the input and output serve as electrical writing and reading elements. DW logic holds promise for simplifying logic circuit complexity by performing multiple functions within a single device. Nevertheless, the demonstration of DW logic circuits with electrical writing and reading at the nanoscale is still needed to unveil their practical application potential. In this review, we discuss material advancements for high-speed DW motion, progress in DW logic devices, groundbreaking demonstrations of current-driven DW logic, and its potential for practical applications. Additionally, we discuss alternative approaches for current-free information propagation, along with challenges and prospects for the development of DW logic.

Юридическая логика: генезис, значение и место в современной теории государства и права

This paper examines the theoretical and historical issues of the emergence, formation and development of special legal logic, and predicts possible trends in the further development of legal logic as a special theory of state and law. The question of the relationship between special legal logic and general formal logic is considered. The author's view on the periodization of the formation and historical development of legal logic as a scientific discipline about the laws of legal thinking is given. Within the framework of this work, the question of the relationship and role of metaphysical and dialectical methods in legal research, which is important for the methodology of legal science, is examined, the historical relationship of these methods is considered, an attempt is made on the basis of scientific sources on which the authors relied when preparing this study, as well as with taking into account the author’s own position developed when working on this research, forecast trends in the further development of legal logic and identify emerging trends in the development of legal methodological research. For the purpose of studying the problems of interaction between logical and legal sciences, determining the subject of legal logic by considering historical examples of attempts to “logize” state legal phenomena using universal logical constructions, the result of which, contrary to the expectations of the researchers carrying them out, was the reverse process of “legalization” of the applied universal logical constructions, their enrichment with the specifics of state-legal phenomena and institutions, justifying the independence of the subject area of legal logic, special attention in this work is paid to the study of the process of transformation of the metaphysical theory of G.V.F. Hegel into his political dialectics. For the purpose of identifying trends in the development of the methodological foundation of legal logic, this work examines the problems of the relationship between rationalistic and empirical approaches in legal research. At the conclusion of this study, the authors consider the question of the possibility of forming special theories of state and law, which was previously raised by Professor A.B. Vengerov, outlines the author's approach to this issue, and proposes an approach to the question of the place of legal logic in the system of scientific knowledge as a special theory of state and law.

Assessing the Approaches and Challenges Encountered by Primary School Teachers in Managing Inclusive Classrooms

This study assessed how primary education teachers who handle inclusive classrooms utilized the teaching approaches and the challenges they experienced. This descriptive correlation study had 30 purposively selected teacher respondents who answered the researcher-made survey questionnaire containing ten indicators for the teaching approaches used and the ten challenges encountered. The data gathered were treated using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that the respondents’ perceptions of their teaching approaches in managing the mainstream classroom in terms of: managing teacher-student interaction were generally positive opinion of the teaching methodologies used to manage teacher-student interaction; classroom conduct and demeanor was diverse; fostering logical development was favorable tendency towards it; and there was a general alignment with constructivist teaching methods but emphasizing opportunities for improvement. The respondents’ perception of the challenges encountered in fulfilling their role in an inclusive education setting highlighted the need for better teacher preparation, curricular adaptation, and inclusive and collaborative education. Targeted professional development, curriculum reform, and stronger parent partnerships could improve inclusive education and help all students succeed academically and socially. There was no significant relationship between teacher-student interactions and fostering logical development, and challenges experienced by the teachers. There was a significant relationship between the classroom conduct and demeanor, implementing a constructivist teaching approach and the challenges experienced by the teachers. It is recommended that educational institutions and policymakers should prioritize inclusive education teacher competency through focused professional development and collaboration among all stakeholders.

A review of investigation of the metabolic rate effects on human thermal comfort

The precise analysis of the usage of thermal indices to evaluate and create an acceptable space is a research hotspot as thermal comfort increasingly comes to be the center of attention. The accurate measurement and calculation of the metabolic rate should be a top priority in research because it is the most important component of thermal indexmodels. This study includes a literature survey of the relevant fields to properly comprehend the present developments and flaws in calculating the metabolic rate. The ultimate objective is to apply the growth of human metabolic science to logical urban development. First, the interaction between the thermal environment and thermal comfort was analyzed, and then, the influence of the human metabolic rate on thermal comfort was discussed. The results show that the dynamic change of metabolic rate is the key human factor that directly affects the thermal regulation, and indirectly affects the evaluation accuracy of the thermal evaluation index standard. Through an inductive analysis of metabolic rate measurement methods that are widely used in various environments, this study identifies several issues with the current utilization of portable metabolic monitoring instruments in dynamic thermal comfort research, highlighting their limitations in addressing accuracy, portability, economy, and other relevant aspects. An essential future effort in this study path will be the continued research and development of a more portable, more affordable, more direct, and more efficient customized metabolic rate monitoring equipment. In addition, the fact that metabolic rate is represented as a constant or its impact on thermal comfort as a single factor in existing thermal index models also frequently results in incorrect findings in outdoor research. The fundamental condition for enhancing thermal comfort index forecast accuracy is accurate and continuous tracking of metabolic rate.

Automated Coupon Generator for Subsidy (ACG)

The proposed system is Automated Coupon Generator also known as ACG which introduces a dynamic coupon generation mechanism empowered by machine learning algorithms. This system is there to enhance people's engagement and optimize the coupon distribution process to befair. The coupon distribution process will be in such a way that those farmers who are less privileged will be prioritized. The project involves several key steps. This project involves key stages including data gathering, preprocessing, feature enhancement, and autonomous decision-making logic development, taking into account diverse factors such as farmer segments and budget constraints. The system will interact with HTML, PHP, CSS, and JavaScript, with Python supporting the implementation. It aims to continuously adapt the model to meet evolving customer behaviors and preferences. This technological approach is essential for optimizing coupons effectively and staying responsive to real-time farmer interactions and preferences

Multifaceted investigation of Sulfamerazine: Insights from computational methods, experimental techniques, and molecular simulations

The powerful sulfonamide antibiotic Sulfamerazine has been the subject of in-depth study to clarify its complex molecular interactions. In order to understand Sulfamerazine's pharmacological behaviour and interactions with biological components, this comprehensive study uses computational tools such as Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, spectroscopic analyses, and molecular docking simulations. Exploitation B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) basis set, DFT simulations have provided important new understandings of the structure, vibrational properties, and binding mechanisms of this system. Vibrational assignments have been conducted by analyzing individual vibrational modes and comparing them to experimental data. The molecule's weak interactions have been identified grounded on electron density using Reduced Density Gradient Analysis. Fukui and MEP plot analyses have been employed to pinpoint the molecule's electrophilic and nucleophilic sites. Frontier molecular orbital analysis supported the observation of charge transfer within the molecule. Sulfamerazine is a viable option for further pharmaceutical development, as shown by drug-likeness and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) studies. In docking analysis, the inhibitor 6qzh stood out as particularly potent, capable of forming up to three hydrogen bonds, resulting in a binding energy of -8.2 kcal/mol. Molecular dynamics simulations have also shed light on the stability, solubility, and possible interactions of Sulfamerazine in diverse settings. This all-encompassing strategy promises to increase our understanding of the mechanism of action of Sulfamerazine, creating new opportunities for the logical development of more potent pharmaceuticals.

Intelligent complex for modeling safety movement of a multi-agent group of marine robots in uncertain environments

Intensive development today is observed in the areas of data processing and analysis, as well as in the management of robotic systems; Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly used. As the complexity of the tasks facing the Marine Robotic Complex (MRC) increases, the need for the use of AI technologies becomes clear. These technologies provide safe movement and control of marine objects, navigation of MRC in maritime space, development of behavior logic in unknown environments and planning of their movement, as well as optimization of data processing. The development of MRC currently covers various areas for which there is no single solution yet. This article outlines the development process of a simulation complex designed to model an intelligent system (IS) for strategizing the motion of a collective of marine robotic systems. It includes an in-depth exposition of individual modules and the mathematical modeling of the employed algorithms.

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA MONOPOLI BERBAHAN LOOSEPART UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN LOGIKA MATEMATIKA

This research aims to determine the feasibility of the monopoly media "MAK (FUN MATHEMATICS" ROUND" made from loose parts for children aged 5-6 years. This research is research using research and development methods or what is called Research and Development (R&D) using a development model ADDIE. The subjects of this research were group A at Darul Hikmah Kindergarten, totaling 10 children consisting of 5 boys and 5 boys. women. In this study, media validation and observation validation of learning outcomes were carried out first by material experts and media experts, after that the validator produced an evaluation of the media and observation sheets used. The aim was to test the suitability of the media used. Research instruments used in the research This is an observation sheet that has been validated by experts. The indicators of the development of mathematical logic studied are knowing simple classifications, knowing numbers, knowing arithmetic operations, knowing geometric shapes. Learning media with the MAK ROUND monopoly game using loosepart media which was developed for group A2 children at DARUL HIKMAH Kindergarten has been validated by experts and received a percentage score of 92.72%. This shows that the MAK ROUND monopoly is declared worthy of being tested. Before being given treatment, the average acquisition of mathematical logic skills was below average, namely 66.8% and was declared incomplete. This means that children's mathematical logic is still low. After being given treatment, the average gain in mathematical logic skills in group A2 children increased to 84.7%. This shows that learning media using the MAK ROUND monopoly game is effective in improving mathematical logic skills in group A children aged 5-6 years.

A Framework for Innovating the Technological Startup in the Cordillera Region through an E-commerce Mobile Platform

The technological startup community is beginning to be recognized in solving various needs in the Cordillera region. However, these technological startups have limited growth because they encounter challenges such as financial concerns, limited market reach, lack of awareness of intellectual property rights, and inadequate digital infrastructure. Thus, the researcher proposed the development of an e-commerce mobile application that addresses the needs of startups. Through the use of data gathering techniques, the researcher was able to determine the design considerations in terms of the architecture framework and features of the e-commerce mobile application that addressed the problems encountered by startups in the Cordillera region. The use of the 4+1 view model illustrated the architecture framework of the e-commerce mobile platform for intended stakeholders by providing a logical view, process view, physical view, development view, and scenario view. The architecture framework was used to determine the features to be integrated into the proposed e-commerce mobile application to address the challenges of the technological startups of the Cordillera region.

METHODS OF LOGIC DEVELOPMENT

METHODS OF LOGIC DEVELOPMENT

Design and Development of an Intelligent Connected Access Integrated Training and Assessment Platform

This study addresses the issues of poor interdisciplinary integration and misalignment between experimental content and industry demands in the construction of applied undergraduate laboratory facilities, based on the background of industry-academia collaboration. This paper presents the design and development of an intelligent connected access integrated training and assessment platform, utilizing a full-stack development approach that combines knowledge graph, sensor principles, communication protocol integration, microcontroller programming, networking, connected access, and cloud platform development. The platform adopts a topological hierarchical structure, facilitating layered instruction for teachers and helping students to understand the logical development of Internet of Things products. Furthermore, the platform utilizes equipment commonly used in enterprises to enhance students' technical application, practical, and innovative capabilities. Through teaching practice, students' engineering awareness and practical skills have significantly improved, effectively promoting the development of relevant courses and practical training.

An Indacenodithienothiophene-Based Wide Bandgap Small Molecule Guest for Efficient and Stable Ternary Organic Solar Cells.

The strategic and logical development of the third component (guest materials) plays a pivotal and intricate role in improving the efficiency and stability of ternary organic solar cells (OSCs). In this study, a novel guest material with a wide bandgap, named IDTR, is designed, synthesized, and incorporated as the third component. IDTR exhibits complementary absorption characteristics and cascade band alignment with the PM6:Y6 binary system. Morphological analysis reveals that the introduction of IDTR results in strong crystallinity, good miscibility, and proper vertical phase distribution, thereby realizing heightened and balanced charge transport behavior. Remarkably, the novel ternary OSCs have exhibited a significant enhancement in photovoltaic performance. Consequently, open-circuit voltage (VOC), short-circuit current (JSC), and fill factor (FF) have all witnessed substantial improvements with a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.94% when L8-BO replaced Y6. Beyond the pronounced improvement in photovoltaic performance, superior device stability with a T80 approaching 400h is successfully achieved. This achievement is attributed to the synergistic interplay of IDTR, providing robust support for the overall enhancement of performance. These findings offer crucial guidance and reference for the design and development of efficient and stable OSCs.

Regions, extensions, distances, diameters

AbstractExtended simple regions have been the focus of recent developments in philosophical logic, metaphysics, and philosophy of physics. However, only a handful of works provides a rigorous characterization of an extended simple region. In particular, a recent paper in this journal defends a definition based on an extrinsic notion of least distance. Call it the Least Distance proposal. This paper provides the first assessment of it. It argues that Least Distance faces difficulties and drawbacks. The paper then goes on to suggest a different proposal, the Diameter proposal that is able to handle such drawbacks and difficulties.

Jan Łukasiewicz and His German Ally. A History of Łukasiewicz-Scholz Cooperation and Friendship

Abstract The article presents interpersonal relations and mutual influences between German logician Heinrich Scholz and Polish scholars, first of all Jan Łukasiewicz. The background for presenting these relationships consists of reflections on the development of logic in Poland and various conceptions of how to apply logic to philosophical issues. Firstly, Jan Łukasiewicz’s program of logicisation of philosophy and his search for allies is presented. Secondly, the forms of cooperation between Łukasiewicz and Scholz, as well as contacts between the latter and other Polish scholars are sketched. Finally, forms of Scholz’s help to Polish friends during the tumultuous period of World War II are examined. The article provides also some reflections on the approach to logic in various European centers of analytic philosophy and historical comments on the continuity of philosophical and logical schools.

Logic in Poland in the 20th Century

Abstract After Poland gained independence in 1918, logic developed very quickly both as a scientific direction and as a taught discipline. This introduction to the special issue “Logic in Poland in the 20th Century,” published in Volume 13:1 (2024) and Volume 13:2 (2024), provides the historical context for the development of logic in the interwar period.

Development and analysis of all-optical multipurpose OR, XOR, NAND, AND, NOR, and XNOR logic gates in a single unit using silicon microring resonator

Development and analysis of all-optical multipurpose OR, XOR, NAND, AND, NOR, and XNOR logic gates in a single unit using silicon microring resonator