Developmental Lines Research Articles

Examining the potential of in- and extra-curricular challenge-based learning in higher education: A delphi study

ABSTRACT Educating students in higher education who are capable of addressing societal challenges requires innovative learning journeys. In the current study, we explore challenge-based learning (CBL) as one way to realise such education. A Delphi study has been conducted at a Dutch University for Life Sciences to identify key characteristics, learning activities, learning outcomes and support of in- and extra-curricular CBL from a stakeholder perspective. Data were collected in two rounds (round 1; N = 47; round 2; N = 29). In-curricular CBL allows students to experience guided teamwork in relation to societal issues as part of their formal curriculum. Extra-curricular CBL provides opportunities for students to have their own, customised learning journey, allowing for strong societal involvement and a variety of learning gains. In- and extra-curricular CBLs have similarities but serve different learning outcomes. Both could be part of developmental lines preparing students to be change agents for sustainability in their future life.

Use and effectiveness of musical social story therapy in children with developmental disorders (down syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, fragile x syndrome, fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy and adhd)

When human nature is examined, we find evidence that humans have created themselves through art since prehistoric times. Man has always used art as a form of self-expression. The pictures drawn on cave walls in the lightless periods of the world are the biggest proof that people always use art as a means of self-expression. Experimental studies in the field of neuroart and neuroaesthetics in recent years clearly show how the human brain reaches a developmental line with artistic stimuli. At this point, it is important to support children in neurodevelopmental sense and to bring them together with artistic stimuli. Activation of the orbitofrontal cortex with the stimulations of art creates tremendous results in terms of increasing synaptic connectivity in the child's brain. One of the most effective methods that can be used on the subject is Musical Social Stories Therapy in this sense. Studies show the important outputs of the method in children with developmental disorders (down syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, fragile x syndrome, fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy and ADHD). In this sense, the method in question is especially suitable for children to increase motivation, to gain experience in creative expression and emotional reactions, to express emotions, thoughts and experiences comfortably, to develop self-esteem, to calm down and rest, to increase self-worth, to develop listening skills, to develop auditory perception, attention span. It is effective in the development of language use, development in language, motor, cognitive, self-care, social development, effective and permanent learning processes. Our related research aims to make positive contributions to the dissemination of the related method by addressing the history and usage areas of musical social stories therapy.

Understanding the Developmental Lines of Psychosis Spectrum Symptoms: Efforts and Early Insights From the Toronto Adolescent and Youth Cohort Study

Understanding the Developmental Lines of Psychosis Spectrum Symptoms: Efforts and Early Insights From the Toronto Adolescent and Youth Cohort Study

The origins of hypothesis testing: Young children’s developing understanding of information seeking compared to effect production

ABSTRACT Understanding that hypothesis testing is aimed at seeking information rather than producing desirable outcomes is indispensable for designing informative experiments. This study investigated the developmental course of information seeking compared to producing an effect in young children. In a between-subjects design, 4- to 6-year-olds (N = 109) were presented with the same pattern of events and asked to choose an intervention to either seek information on whether a hypothesis is right or produce an effect. The results revealed a developmental change between 4 and 6 years of age. From 5.5 years and onwards, children selectively chose the correct interventions in both conditions, whereas 4- and younger 5-year-olds did not. Contrary to the general view that producing desirable outcomes developmentally precedes engaging in information seeking, the present findings indicate that they follow a similar developmental line in the early childhood years.

A Developmental Line for Affects: The Relevance of Contextualization of Affects for the Psychodynamic Treatment of Early Developmental Psychopathology

ABSTRACT In this paper we present perspectives from clinical work, neuroscience, and evolutionary anthropology that together provide a useful framework to think about and work clinically with patients with early developmental psychopathology, in particular certain aspects of borderline personality structure. Our argument is that conceptualizing a line of affective development starting with basic, primary affects, and progressing to nuanced, contextualized, tertiary affects helps locate the origin of the affective instability and dysregulation of some patients. When this line of affective development is interrupted, a limited, inflexible self develops. When the development of tertiary affects is facilitated, it allows for a richer, more flexible self. We also argue that, separate from splitting as a defense, a black and white form of cognition often accompanies the early experience of primary and secondary affects. When development of more sophisticated, contextualized affects is interrupted, this binary form of cognition tends to persist, but when that development is facilitated, richer, more nuanced forms of cognition also contribute to a more robust self.

Transcriptomic profiling of castes and of sexually and parthenogenetically produced reproductive females in the termite Cavitermes tuberosus

AbstractIn termites with a true worker caste, the development pattern splits up from early developmental stages: primary reproductives develop through the nymphal line, whereas workers and soldiers follow the apterous developmental line. In some species, such as Cavitermes tuberosus Emerson (Isoptera: Termitidae, Termitinae), secondary reproductives (or neotenics) may also develop through the nymphal line from a transitional stage called aspirant. Aspirants originate mostly from automictic parthenogenetic reproduction. Therefore, C. tuberosus queens originate from sexual (primary queens) or parthenogenetic (neotenic queens) reproduction. A comparison of these two queen castes offers the possibility to better understand core molecular underpinnings of caste development and plasticity in termites. We investigated these molecular mechanisms by using high‐throughput Illumina RNA sequencing of pooled individuals. We first assembled the de novo reference transcriptome of C. tuberosus, and then identified the transcripts consistently co‐expressed across castes, sexes, and two alternative routes to female reproduction. Cavitermes tuberosus final transcriptome had 130 874 transcripts, N50 of 3398, and total length of 213 549 184 bp. We found that female reproductive maturation was characterized by gene expression down‐regulation: primary queens expressed fewer transcripts overall and had the greatest number of down‐regulated transcripts when compared to all other castes. In both secondary and primary queens, biological processes involved in muscle development and contraction, flight, and olfactory learning were enriched in the down‐regulated gene cluster. In contrast, processes related to reproductive development, insulin receptor signaling pathway, isoprenoid biosynthesis, and multiple metabolic processes were enriched among up‐regulated genes in primary queens. Finally, we found that 17% of all transcripts (21852) were differently co‐expressed when females from sexual and parthenogenetic origins were compared, even though the expression profile of core reproductive‐related gene clusters showed a similar trend in all reproductive females despite their origin. Our findings fit the genomic imprinting model predictions of a maternal effect that commonly regulates the expression of core reproductive genes in females from parthenogenetic and non‐parthenogenetic origins, whereas the expression of non‐reproductive genes varies.

The Case Study of Two Girls with Gender Dysphoria

ABSTRACT This paper presents the psychoanalysis of two girls, aged five and 11, both self-described as boys. The first case depicts the incoherence and discontinuity of a core sense of being female with depersonalization, identity confusion, and self-sacrifice. The second case describes gender role identification conflicts. Both children presented as males to protect a disavowed female self. However, their etiology was distinctly different. Gender dysphoria proved to be highly complex. Reliance on the developmental lines of self and gender informed clinical interventions. Merger and twinship transferences were essential for establishing a stable personal identity for these children.

Consanguineous marriage as a key indicator of isolated congenital dental anomaly among South Indian population - A cross-sectional study.

Orofacial anomalies occur due to incomplete fusion of developmental lines in the head and neck region. Dental anomalies regarded as the most common orofacial anomalies either in isolated or syndromic forms arise due to genetic and environmental factors. Among genetic influences, consanguineous marriages are considered as a significant predisposition factor in the transmission of congenital defects and several autosomal recessive diseases from one generation to other with an increased risk of detrimental effects on offspring. The present study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence and significant association between consanguinity and isolated dental anomalies with that of nonconsanguineous parents among south-Indian population. A total of 116 participants with and without dental anomalies in isolated form pertaining to tooth size, shape, altered morphology, number and eruption were selected followed by brief case history. Participants with a positive history of consanguinity were categorized as Group A while others were categorized under Group B. Sixty-four out of 116 participants (55.17%) showed positive consanguinity (Group A) among which 18 females (56%) and 14 males (44%) presented with isolated dental anomalies. 12 females (66.6%) and 9 males (64.2%) in Group A showed significance with first cousin (P = 0.00204) whereas no significance was observed in other consanguinity type (P = 0.7287). Nonetheless, the overall frequency of isolated dental anomalies was slightly higher in Group A than Group B that was statistically significant (P = 0.0213). A positive correlation between dental anomalies among offspring of consanguineous marriages revealed such prevalence may be attributed to increased risk of recessive deleterious gene expression or defective allele carried to offspring.

ЛИЦА КРИСТИЈАНИНЕ ПРОЗЕ

In this paper, we examine the genre features of the work of Christiana F. from the aspect of his contribution to the modification of certain canonical (classical) features of memoir-autobiographical prose. We observe the genre aspects (faces) of Christiana’s work in a narrower and wider context, more precisely through the developmental line of her confession in the book Wir Kinder vom Bahnhof Zoo, 1979, to My Second Life (Mein Zweites Leben, co-authored with Sonja Vuković), 2013), on the relation memoirs - autobiography, and in a broader context of modification of the genre framework of classical autobiographical-memoir prose through topos of documentary / testimony, social engagement, divided (ambivalent) personality of the memoirist - moral witness, chronotope experience (city and real time). In the conclusion of the paper, we synthesize the genre and stylistic features of Christiana’s works with the aim of pointing out the general places of contemporary prose of «Christiana’s type» (testimonies of former addicts). Keywords: memoir-autobiographical prose, documentary, moral witness, chronotop, Christiana F.

Developmental bias in the evolution and plasticity of beetle horn shape.

The degree to which developmental systems bias the phenotypic effects of environmental and genetic variation, and how these biases affect evolution, is subject to much debate. Here, we assess whether developmental variability in beetle horn shape aligns with the phenotypic effects of plasticity and evolutionary divergence, yielding three salient results. First, we find that most pathways previously shown to regulate horn length also affect shape. Second, we find that the phenotypic effects of manipulating divergent developmental pathways are correlated with each other as well as multivariate fluctuating asymmetry-a measure of developmental variability. Third, these effects further aligned with thermal plasticity, population differences and macroevolutionary divergence between sister taxa and more distantly related species. Collectively, our results support the hypothesis that changes in horn shape-whether brought about by environmentally plastic responses, functional manipulations or evolutionary divergences-converge along 'developmental lines of least resistance', i.e. are biased by the developmental system underpinning horn shape.

Religion in the Twenty-First Century

Religion in the Twenty-First Century

Innovation activities in a university of applied sciences: redefining applied research

PurposeThis study analyses development of research-related innovation activities in a University of Applied Sciences (UAS) in Finland. Focus on production of innovations in relation to academization challenges the traditions of applied research in UAS, which has always relied on collaboration with local stakeholders.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the approach of cultural-historical activity theory, the study conceptualizes development of innovation activities as a movement across multiple intertwined developmental lines. The authors ground these conceptualizations in the data, coming from interviews with key researchers in a multidisciplinary research project on smart bioeconomy at a Finnish UAS.FindingsDevelopment of research-related innovation activities in the UAS happened along six lines: development of researcher's expertise, development of project, development of organization, development of research, development of field and development of funding models and policies. The developmental tensions between the lines were essential for promotion of innovation activities.Originality/valueThe study reveals the complex multilayered nature of research-related innovation activities in the specific context of UAS, where it creates challenges and opportunities for developing the traditions of applied research. The results encourage UAS to critically evaluate their changing role as research institutions in regional, national and international innovation systems.

Modernist Life Histories: Biological Theory and the Experimental Bildungsromanby Daniel Aureliano Newman

<i>Modernist Life Histories: Biological Theory and the Experimental Bildungsroman</i>by Daniel Aureliano Newman

Sexual dimorphism of lumbar lordosis and lumbar spine mobility during the period of progressive development.

Objective: The objective of this paper is to present possible differences in spondylometric dimorphic characteristics of lumbar spine in the period of progressive development. Material and methods: The research material included 24,517 individuals of both sexes aged from 3 to 25. Individuals that showed abnormal structure of the motor system and individuals reporting pain in the joints of the spine were excluded. Spondylometric research was carried out using the Penny & Giles electrogoniometric measuring system. Significance tests concerning position measurements (Student's t-test, Welch's t-test) were used as well as biometric profiles formed on the basis of Mollison index for each characteristic in the studied period of ontogenesis. The progress of development of the examined spondylometric characteristics in both sex groups was calculated on the basis of expressing the size of the feature in successive age groups as a percentage of its final size. Using the linear and polynomial regression models, the developmental lines of the studied spondylometric parameters were obtained in males and females. Results: In the development process of the studied spondylometric parameters, dimorphic diversity can be observed essentially only in adolescence. In general, in the whole studied period of ontogenetic development, the greater range of lumbar spine mobility is found in females. Minor sexual dimorphism is also evident in the dynamics of development and in the stage of development of the majority of examined characteristics in individual age ranges in relation to the final values, for the benefit of the female sex.

ZHONG BIAO AND FANG LIJUN'S IMPORTANT APPROACHES IN CONTEXT OF WORK ANALYSIS: CULTURAL CODES AND POLITICAL REFERENCES

The aim of the research is to reveal the prominent cultural codes and political references in the works of Zhong Biao and Fang Lijun. In addition, it is to investigate what are the reasons that push the artists to deconstruction and tragicomic approaches in their works. It is also to understand how the developmental lines of Contemporary Chinese art have developed. Contemporary Chinese art works; Artists such as Yue Minjun, Guo Jian, Wang Guangyi, Fang Lijun and Zhong Biao form the scope and limitations of the research. Include other artists besides Zhong Biao and Fang Lijun; It is to know why contemporary Chinese art produces political and critical works. The problems of the research are as follows: What are the prominent approaches in contemporary Chinese art? What are the reasons for artists to paint political, psychological, tragicomic and critical paintings? How can the prominent cultural codes and political references in the works of Zhong Biao and Fang Lijun be explained? What is the main theme of the Cynical Realism movement? With the answers to all these questions, it will be known how Contemporary Chinese art progresses, and it will be seen what kind of works the artists of this country produced in the face of events. Keywords: Contemporary Chinese Art, Zhong Biao, Fang Lijun, Cynical Realism

Yeni Medya Teknolojilerinin Kullanılmasının Siyasal İletişime Getirdiği Yenilikler

The new media, which is under the traditional media, is rapidly becoming an extremely important channel for political communication. In our digital age, which refers to the electronic revolution shaped by means of communication, before the electronic revolution, which is accepted as a leap in the developmental line of the history of civilization as synonymous with the information and knowledge community, political communication also changes like every other issue. Radio and television have risen to a central position in the political relations of people in the electronic world; In this process, channels, radio and television, which are among the 3 issues in the classification between receivers, transmitters and channels, have made the way of using and benefiting from both transmitters and receivers into a habit, in accordance with their own characteristics. In this process, which took place within the boundaries drawn by television-mediated political communication, each of the parties had to construct roles, wishes, expectations, identity, constitutionalism, reconciliation, activities according to the instrumentality of television. By internalizing the drawn framework and borders more and more every day, it has indexed all kinds of political activities that can be realized through the media in daily life to radio and television, and then to new media tools. Key Words: Technology, Political Communication, New Media.

A Collective Strange Situation: COVID-19 and Children’s Developmental Lines

ABSTRACT Emerging findings have demonstrated the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being of children and families through abrupt and ongoing changes in routine due to social distancing measures, school closures, financial stress, fears of infection, and the loss of loved ones. Research has provided insight into the diverse ways that children and families react to heightened stressors in their environment, both through evidence of increased risk of developing symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (Xie et al. 2020), and through protective factors, such as seeking support within a secure family system (Schofield et al. 2013). This paper will review the current literature about the impact of COVID-19 related stressors on children and families and then revisit literature and theories that developed in the context of previous widespread crises, which continue to inform our understanding of human development and resilience following shared traumatic experiences. For example, Bowlby’s theory of attachment was honed by observing the effects of children’s separations from their parents during WW2. Additionally, Victor Frankl’s meaning-focused work, developed after surviving Nazi concentration camps during the Holocaust, provides a framework for understanding resilience and shaped the elaboration and applications of existential therapies (Frankl 1946/1984). Based on a review of both the historical and more recent literature, as well as our own observations of children and parents in our clinical practice, we offer some suggestions for how psychoanalytic theories and therapies can support children and adolescents’ emotional development and resilience during and following this crisis.

Design of a Virtual Reality Software to Promote the Learning of Students with Dyslexia

The research conducted is part of the European project Erasmus+ FORDYSVAR, whose main objective is to contribute to the educational inclusion of students with dyslexia, aged between 10 and 16 years old, through the use of technology, specifically virtual reality (VR), to improve the access, participation, and educational achievement of students with this learning difficulty. This is a qualitative and interpretative study with a descriptive character. The objective of this work is to design a VR application that contributes to the learning of students with dyslexia based on user-centered design as a methodology. The developmental lines to be addressed in the application have been defined, the features to be included have been determined, and the activities that make up the software have been designed. All this is based on the analysis of the needs and interests of the end users (students with dyslexia) as well as the vision of professionals (teachers and dyslexia intervention specialists). The results obtained allow us to conclude that VR technology is an interesting avenue of treatment, as it offers a ludic, safe, controlled, and motivating environment for students with dyslexia.

The impact of the intrapersonal, interpersonal and ecological factors on pre-service second language teachers' identity construction

PurposeThis article reports on the intrapersonal, interpersonal and ecological factors that shaped the professional identity (PI) construction of five ESL Malaysian pre-service teachers (PSTs) during microteaching classes and teaching practicum.Design/methodology/approachThe study is qualitative in nature aiming to give voice to ESL PSTs and allow them share their personal experience while constructing their professional identity. The semi-interview data were supported by observation data to validate what PSTs report in their interview. The researchers chose junctural points in the PI construction journey to follow the developmental line of PI growth and to live the experience with the participant. The project was a co-construction of knowledge and enabled a more comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon.FindingsThis inquiry revealed that PI is dynamic and changing constantly as one reinterprets and reevaluates self and interact and react to the various intrapersonal, interpersonal and ecological factors in their context. At the intrapersonal level, lack of practical experience and intrinsic motivation and sense of low self-efficacy created a perception of low PI in the beginning of the simulated practice. The findings also show that supportive interpersonal relationships developed within a facilitating context such as the simulated teaching class smoothed the emergence of high PI. However, when the interpersonal relationships and ecological context in the practicum settings were challenging, they hindered PI development and led to a PI crisis.Practical implicationsThe article offers recommendations to enhance the pivotal role of teaching practice during PSTs' journey of becoming.Originality/valueThis study was conducted in one of the understudied contexts in regards of PI construction. It captured a holistic view of the PI construction. It showed that the interplay of interpersonal and intrapersonal factors, in addition to ecological factors, is not isolated from each other. On the contrary, they were like a cycle circumscribing the PSTs and impact their PI construction. Hence, the authors believe that the study contributed with a comprehensive understanding of pre-service PI construction.

THE ROLE OF COURT OF JUSTICE WITHIN THE EU TAXATION LAW

Key words: EU taxaion, functions Court of justice of EU, role of CJEU in EU taxation, creative jurisprudence Introduction The “European tax law” is a set of regulations issued by the EU institutions and designed to provide the control of tax matters over the tax legislations of the Member States. However, the existence of EU rules aimed to regulate the procedures for taxation in the European Member States is not enough to identify an area of an independent and autonomous law. In fact, if the tendency to profile the EU law is developing in the recent times, in order to valorize the regulatory provisions of specific areas of the legal system (giving a meaning to the definition of “European private law” or “European administrative law” or even “European trial law”), it must be considered that the identification of an autonomous sector of law requires the logic of a “legal system”; it basically implies the existence of principles and juridical values and the dynamic relationships between the norms. Therefore, the existence of a set of general rules by EU institutions cannot be considered sufficient to identify a “European tax law”; if these rules compose a mere aggregate without a functional meaning, the element of the systematic unity would be lacking and there should not be an autonomous order of law. In any case, there are several elements which lead to identify an independent and autonomous sector of law in the set of EU norms regarding the taxation law. On the other hand, it must be noted that the fiscal discipline drawn up by the EU sharply drifts away from the developmental lines of the modern tax law. In fact, the whole of the European fiscal regulations essentially meets the logic of the market integration on the basis of the principles of the trading free competetion regardless of the nationality or the residence. Therefore, the tax system is free of its potential load of “obstruction” regarding the free movement of capitals, people, goods or services (the four freedoms of European tradition), in order to show up as a system of “neutral” rules compared to the market and the economic forces of a “free system”. There is a complete lack of the tradition of the European constitutional values which characterize the basic skills of the taxation phenomenon. Particularly, it can be observed as a lack of the “fiscal interest”, intended as the general interest of the associates to the acquisition of tax resources in order to facilitate the social development, the institutional progress, the growth of the Welfare State and the essential equality of all the members of the civil community. Likewise, there is no trace of a reference to the ability to pay, an inescapable principle of distribution of tax burdens among the associates in order to ensure the concrete pursuit of a logic of the national wealth redistribution, which is at the same time a measure of guarantee and a safeguard of the individual sphere from the public administration excesses operated for the tax burden.