Developmental Factors Research Articles

Interrupting the Cycle of Sexual Violence

Alberta’s service landscape for sexual violence intervention in relation to youth exhibiting problem sexual behaviour (PSB) is noticeably lacking. “Current theories emphasize that the origins and maintenance of childhood [PSB] include sexual abuse as well as familial, social, economic, and developmental factors" (Friedrich et al., 2001; Friedrich, Davies, Feher, & Wright, 2003). Early intervention is critical and yet there are no services for these individuals to turn to. The current service landscape essentially requires youth to formally interact with the criminal justice system before they can be redirected to the necessary settings to address their behaviours. This paper highlights the need for non-punitive and judgement-free forms of preventative measures in order to disrupt the cycle of sexual violence.

Early-life stress contributes to depression-like behaviors in a two-hit mouse model

BackgroundDepression is a common psychological disorder with pathogenesis involving genetic and environmental interactions. Early life stress can adversely affect physical and emotional development and dramatically increase the risk for the development of depression and anxiety disorders. MethodsTo examine potential early life stress driving risk for anxiety and depression, we used a two-hit developmental stress model，injecting poly(I: C) into neonatal mice on P2-P6 followed by peripubertal unpredictable stress in adolescence. ResultsOur study shows that early-life and adolescent stress leads to anxiety and depression-related behavioral phenotypes in male mice. Early-life stress exacerbated depression-like behavior in mice following peripubertal unpredictable stress. We confirmed that early life stress might be involved in the decreased neuronal activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and might be involved in shaping behavioral phenotypes of animals. We found that increased microglia and neuroinflammation in the mPFC of two-hit mice and early life stress further boost microglia activation and inflammatory factors in the mPFC region of mice following adolescent stress. LimitationsThe specific neural circuits and mechanisms by which microglia regulate depression-like behaviors require further investigation. ConclusionsOur findings provide a novel insight into developmental risk factors and biological mechanisms in depression and anxiety disorders.

Expression of Ras signaling pathway proteins and developmental factors in peripheral nerve sheath tumors of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1.

To characterize expression of factors relevant for Ras signaling and developmental factors in a large series of peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNST) obtained from patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Tissue micro-array technique was applied to study 520 PNST of 385 NF1 patients by immunohistochemistry for mTor, Rho, phosphorylated MEK, Pax7, Sox9, and periaxin expression. PNST comprised cutaneous neurofibroma (CNF) (n=114), diffuse neurofibroma (DNF) (n=109), diffuse plexiform neurofibroma (DPNF) (n=108), plexiform neurofibroma (PNF) (n=110), and malignant PNST (MPNST) (n=22). All proteins examined showed highest expression levels/highest frequency of expression in MPNST. Benign PNF with potential for malignant dedifferentiation expressed mTor, phosphorylated MEK, Sox9, and periaxin significantly higher/more frequently than other benign neurofibroma subtypes. In NF1-associated PNST, expression of proteins involved in Ras-signaling and development is upregulated not only in MPNST, but also in benign PNF with the potential for malignant dedifferentiation. The differences in protein expression may provide clues for understanding the therapeutic effects of substances applied for reduction of PNST in NF1.

Novel Connections of Common Childhood Illnesses Based on More Than 5 Million Diary Registrations From Birth Until Age 3 Years.

All children experience numerous episodes of illness during the first 3 years of life. Most episodes are mild and handled without medical attention but nevertheless burden the families and society. There is a large, and still unexplained, variation in the burden of illness between children. To describe and provide a better understanding of the disease burden of common childhood diseases through a data-driven approach investigating the communalities between symptom patterns and predefined variables on predispositions, pregnancy, birth, environment, and child development. The study is based on the prospectively followed clinical mother-child cohort COpenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, which includes 700 children with daily symptom registration in the first 3 years of life, including symptoms of cough, breathlessness, wheeze, cold, pneumonia, sore throat, ear infections, gastrointestinal infections, fever, and eczema. First, we described the number of episodes of symptoms. Next, factor analysis models were used to describe the variation in symptom load in the second year of life (both based on n= 556, with >90% complete diary). Then we characterized patterns of similarity between symptoms using a graphical network model (based on n= 403, with a 3-year monthly compliance of >50%). Finally, predispositions and pregnancy, birth, environmental, and developmental factors were added to the network model. The children experienced a median of 17 (interquartile range, 12-23) episodes of symptoms during the first 3 years of life, of which most were respiratory tract infections (median, 13; interquartile range, 9-18). The frequency of symptoms was the highest during the second year of life. Eczema symptoms were unrelated to the other symptoms. The strongest association to respiratory symptoms was found for maternal asthma, maternal smoking during the third trimester, prematurity, and CDHR3 genotype. This was in contrast to the lack of associations for the well-established asthma locus at 17q21. Healthy young children are burdened by multiple episodes of symptoms during the first 3 years of life. Prematurity, maternal asthma, and CDHR3 genotype were among the strongest drivers of symptom burden.

키워드 네트워크 분석을 통한 대학생 창의성 연구의 지식구조 탐색

The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge structure of research on college students’ creativity from a context-specific perspective and suggest a future direction for the studies. A total of 579 keywords were selected from 242 research papers in South Korea during the past 20 years from 2003 to 2022 that considered college students’ creativity. Then, a total of 54 keywords represented more than three times among them were analyzed using keyword network analysis including centrality analysis, and community analysis. The results showed that the keywords with high degree centrality were creativity, college students, everyday creativity, creative problem solving and so on. The keywords with high betweenness centrality were creativity, college students, everyday creativity, creative problem solving, creative character, and so on. In the results of community analysis, four sub-groups were formed focusing on everyday creativity (creative character, learning flow, creative self-efficacy, creative thinking, and career maturity), college students (creative character education, character, creative ability, core competence, and creative education), creative problem solving (problem solving, creative tendency, empathy, learning motivation, and creativity competency), and creativity (creativity convergence competency, creative leadership, self-efficacy, nursing students, and creative competency). There were differences in context-specific (academic, career developmental, educational, social, and everyday) factors of creativity that each sub-group was mainly dealing with. Theoretical and practical implications and future directions were also discussed.

Dyadic approach to maturity to parenthood: multilevel study on attachment in expectant and non-expectant couples

ABSTRACT Objective This study examined links between attachment styles and maturity to parenthood and its dimensions across different age groups of childless young adult couples. The role of developmental factors (age, assuming parental role) for maturity to parenthood was also investigated. Background Relational and individual factors have both been confirmed to be crucial for the transition to parenthood. The concept of maturity to parenthood has been linked to individual values, personality traits, and close relationships. However, the question arises whether maturity to parenthood is related to one of the most crucial concepts in family psychology – attachment. Method Three hundred heterosexual young adult couples aged 20–35 years (M age = 26.20; SD = 3.63) took part. Couples were divided into three groups: 1) 110 couples aged 20–25 (emerging adulthood); 2) 90 couples aged 26–35 (young adulthood); and 3) 100 couples aged 20–35 expecting their first child (third trimester of pregnancy). The main questionnaires used were the Maturity to Parenthood Scale and Close Relationship Experience Scale. Results The results indicated that the more avoidant couples had lower maturity to parenthood. A moderation effect of group (pregnancy) was also observed – the effect of attachment-related avoidance was weaker in expectant couples. Women presented higher overall and behavioural maturity to parenthood than men. Furthermore, higher life satisfaction were associated with greater maturity to parenthood. Conclusion Maturity to parenthood is also created in the dyadic context. When related to lower attachment avoidance, it might greatly facilitate transition to parenthood and future parent – child relations.

The Assessment of Sedimentation Problems in Kenyir Hydropower Reservoir, Malaysia

Lakes may take a while to respond to management interventions because of the management implications of incremental development and degradation issues. This includes the requirement for the ongoing participation of key lake basin management institutions and their operations. This study’s objective is to assess the impacts of land use activities along the Kenyir Lake Basin based on the sedimentation problem level. There are a few hydrological methods that are necessary indicators to measure the level of sediment production, such as Total Suspended Solid (TSS), area of sub-catchment, river discharge measurement, and annual sediment load production. The results showed that the sub-catchment of Besar River released the lowest annual average estimation at 3833.70 kg/km2/year, and the sub-catchment of Kenyir River produced the highest annual average estimation at 128,070.86 kg/km2/year for annual sediment load flow produced from tributary rivers into Kenyir Lake. Kenyir Lake Basin’s downstream and midstream regions had higher sediment load values than its upstream regions. This study highlighted the significance of the effects of anthropogenic factors, hydrological, geomorphological, growth, and developmental factors, and climate changes as the key variables attributing to the sedimentation phenomenon along the Kenyir Lake Basin. The construction of a long-term lake or reservoir catchment development and management plan, combined with the formation of a vision and comprehensive strategic plan, are vital components of sound management practice. The efficient implementation of the suggested watershed management programmes depends on the active involvement of all significant catchment stakeholders.

Lrrn1 Regulates Medial Boundary Formation in the Developing Mouse Organ of Corti.

One of the most striking aspects of the sensory epithelium of the mammalian cochlea, the organ of Corti (OC), is the presence of precise boundaries between sensory and nonsensory cells at its medial and lateral edges. A particular example of this precision is the single row of inner hair cells (IHCs) and associated supporting cells along the medial (neural) boundary. Despite the regularity of this boundary, the developmental processes and genetic factors that contribute to its specification are poorly understood. In this study we demonstrate that Leucine Rich Repeat Neuronal 1 (Lrrn1), which codes for a single-pass, transmembrane protein, is expressed before the development of the mouse organ of Corti in the row of cells that will form its medial border. Deletion of Lrrn1 in mice of mixed sex leads to disruptions in boundary formation that manifest as ectopic inner hair cells and supporting cells. Genetic and pharmacological manipulations demonstrate that Lrrn1 interacts with the Notch signaling pathway and strongly suggest that Lrrn1 normally acts to enhance Notch signaling across the medial boundary. This interaction is required to promote formation of the row of inner hair cells and suppress the conversion of adjacent nonsensory cells into hair cells and supporting cells. These results identify Lrrn1 as an important regulator of boundary formation and cellular patterning during development of the organ of Corti.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Patterning of the developing mammalian cochlea into distinct sensory and nonsensory regions and the specification of multiple different cell fates within those regions are critical for proper auditory function. Here, we report that the transmembrane protein Leucine Rich Repeat Neuronal 1 (LRRN1) is expressed along the sharp medial boundary between the single row of mechanosensory inner hair cells (IHCs) and adjacent nonsensory cells. Formation of this boundary is mediated in part by Notch signaling, and loss of Lrrn1 leads to disruptions in boundary formation similar to those caused by a reduction in Notch activity, suggesting that LRRN1 likely acts to enhance Notch signaling. Greater understanding of sensory/nonsensory cell fate decisions in the cochlea will help inform the development of regenerative strategies aimed at restoring auditory function.

Adverse childhood experiences and psychosocial functioning problems for youths who sexually harm siblings

ABSTRACT This study explores adverse childhood experiences and problematic psychosocial functioning for youths who exhibit harmful sexual behaviours (HSBs) against siblings in comparison to those that sexually harm non-siblings. In a sample of Australian male adolescents referred to a specialised sexual offending treatment service, greater prevalence of all adverse experiences investigated, except for caregiver incarceration, was found for youths who harmed siblings. Youths whose sexual behaviours harmed siblings were differentiated from other youths with HSBs in regard to characteristics of caregivers, including caregiver mental health issues, caregiver sexual victimisation experiences, and instability in caregivers during childhood. In addition, youths who exhibited HSBs against siblings experienced a greater total number of adversities in their lives and were characterised by poorer psychosocial functioning, such as social exclusion and internalising problems. Implications of these findings for clinical treatment is discussed. PRACTICE IMPACT STATEMENT This research identifies developmental risk factors of youths who exhibit HSBs against siblings and examines if and how these differ from characteristics of youths who sexually harm non-siblings. Greater understanding of youths who sexually harm siblings allows treatment and prevention strategies to be tailored to their specific needs.

Extensive sea-floor oxygenation during the early Mesoproterozoic

The Mesoproterozoic ocean was previously proposed to be characterized by low oxygen concentrations that may have resulted in a stasis in eukaryotic evolution. Recent studies reveal several pluses of oxygenation during this period that may have facilitated eukaryote evolution. However, few quantitative constraints on the global oxygenation events have hindered the comprehensive understanding of interactions between eukaryotes and environments. Here we present new molybdenum isotope (δ98/95Mo, simplified as δ98Mo) data coupled with sulfur and carbon isotope compositions and trace element contents from the carbonates and mudstones of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation (ca. 1.60–1.54 Ga) in two-well preserved sections in the North China Craton. The δ98Mo data from the two sections show similar trends in stratigraphic variation, with a prominent positive excursion in the Gaoyuzhuang Member III and peak values reaching up to 2.03‰ and 1.92‰, respectively. We developed a revised isotope mass balance model with high manganese (Mn) (hydr)oxide burial rate due to higher manganese concentration in the Mesoproterozoic oceans. Model calculation suggests that at least more than half of global seafloor (>54%) was covered with oxygenated seawater during the deposition of the Gaoyuzhuang Member III. Our estimation points to a significant oxygenation event in the early Mesoproterozoic with magnitude and extent much higher than previously thought. Further, a simple mass-balance calculation suggests that the atmospheric oxygen level was at least > 4% PAL (present atmospheric level) and likely up to 30% PAL at ca. 1.57 Ga. This oxygenation event, together with other environmental and/or developmental factors, may have facilitated a short and rapid evolution of eukaryotes in the early Mesoproterozoic.

Persistence of FoxJ1+ Pax6+ Sox2+ ependymal cells throughout life in the human spinal cord.

Ependymal cells lining the central canal of the spinal cord play a crucial role in providing a physical barrier and in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid. These cells express the FOXJ1 and SOX2 transcription factors in mice and are derived from various neural tube populations, including embryonic roof and floor plate cells. They exhibit a dorsal-ventral expression pattern of spinal cord developmental transcription factors (such as MSX1, PAX6, ARX, and FOXA2), resembling an embryonic-like organization. Although this ependymal region is present in young humans, it appears to be lost with age. To re-examine this issue, we collected 17 fresh spinal cords from organ donors aged 37-83years and performed immunohistochemistry on lightly fixed tissues. We observed cells expressing FOXJ1 in the central region in all cases, which co-expressed SOX2 and PAX6 as well as RFX2 and ARL13B, two proteins involved in ciliogenesis and cilia-mediated sonic hedgehog signaling, respectively. Half of the cases exhibited a lumen and some presented portions of the spinal cord with closed and open central canals. Co-staining of FOXJ1 with other neurodevelopmental transcription factors (ARX, FOXA2, MSX1) and NESTIN revealed heterogeneity of the ependymal cells. Interestingly, three donors aged > 75years exhibited a fetal-like regionalization of neurodevelopmental transcription factors, with dorsal and ventral ependymal cells expressing MSX1, ARX, and FOXA2. These results provide new evidence for the persistence of ependymal cells expressing neurodevelopmental genes throughout human life and highlight the importance of further investigation of these cells.

Sequence, structure and functionality of pectin methylesterases and their use in sustainable carbohydrate bioproducts: A review

Pectin methylesterases (PMEs) are enzymes that play a critical role in modifying pectins, a class of complex polysaccharides in plant cell walls. These enzymes catalyze the removal of methyl ester groups from pectins, resulting in a change in the degree of esterification and consequently, the physicochemical properties of the polymers. PMEs are found in various plant tissues and organs, and their activity is tightly regulated in response to developmental and environmental factors. In addition to the biochemical modification of pectins, PMEs have been implicated in various biological processes, including fruit ripening, defense against pathogens, and cell wall remodelling. This review presents updated information on PMEs, including their sources, sequences and structural diversity, biochemical properties and function in plant development. The article also explores the mechanism of PME action and the factors influencing enzyme activity. In addition, the review highlights the potential applications of PMEs in various industrial sectors related to biomass exploitation, food, and textile industries, with a focus on development of bioproducts based on eco-friendly and efficient industrial processes.

Examining decisional needs and contextual factors influencing fertility status assessment among young female survivors of childhood cancer: A sequential mixed methods study protocol.

Female cancer survivors who received gonadotoxic cancer treatment are at risk for profound diminished ovarian reserve and/or primary ovarian insufficiency with resulting infertility, which can be associated with distress and decreased quality of life.. Despite prioritizing future parenthood, many survivors are unsure of the impact of their treatment on their future fertility, and little is known about the perceived reproductive health needs and factors associated with receipt of a fertility status assessment (FSA). There is a lack of developmentally appropriate reproductive health decisional support interventions available for emerging adult cancer survivors. This study will explore the perceived reproductive health needs of emerging adult female survivors of childhood cancer and to identify decisional and contextual factors that influence pursuit of FSA using an explanatory sequential quantitative to qualitative mixed methods design. This study will enroll 325 female survivors (aged 18 to 29 years and >1-year post treatment; diagnosed with cancer < age 21 years) from four cancer centers in the United States. Sociodemographic and developmental factors, reproductive knowledge and values, decisional needs, and receipt of an FSA will be assessed through a web-based survey. Informed by survey findings, a subset of participants will be recruited for qualitative interviews to explore decisional factors associated with uptake of an FSA. Clinical data will be abstracted from the medical records. Multivariable logistic regression models will be developed to identify factors associated with FSA and qualitative descriptive analysis will be used to develop themes from the interviews. Quantitative and qualitative findings will be merged using a joint display to develop integrated study conclusions and direct future interventional research.

EPEN-05. TRANSCRIPTIONAL FACTOR-DIRECTED EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN CANCER NEUROSCIENCE OF ZFTA-RELA EPENDYMOMA

Abstract ZFTA-RELA (ZRFUS) ependymoma is a pediatric brain tumor with dismal 10-year progression free survival rates. Prior studies revealed low somatic mutation load in pediatric ependymoma compared to adult glioma, suggesting that developmental mechanisms play a key role during disease development. Using human tissues and mouse tumors generated from our autochthonous in utero electroporation (IUE) model, we identified a cohort of developmental transcription factors (TFs) linked to ZRFUS by investigating histone serotonylation changes with other epigenetic datasets. We further performed in vivo barcode-screening and identified the ETS variant transcription factor 5 (ETV5) is sufficient and required for disease progression. To further reveal the disease mechanism driven by ETV5, we applied transcriptomic, epigenetic, and proteomic analyses, and found ETV5 suppresses neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression in mouse ZRFUS tumors by binding with epigenetic modulator, chromobox 3 (CBX3). We further found NPY overexpression delays tumor progression and suppressed tumor-driven neuronal activity in mice. This study suggests developmental TF can shape tumor-promoting microenvironment during disease progression through epigenetic regulation.

Erratum for the Research Article: “Reprogramming Müller glia to regenerate ganglion-like cells in adult mouse retina with developmental transcription factors”

Erratum for the Research Article: “Reprogramming Müller glia to regenerate ganglion-like cells in adult mouse retina with developmental transcription factors”

Why and How to Become a More Resilient Leader

Why do some healthcare leaders, teams, and organizations falter during and after a crisis, while others adapt and grow even stronger? The answer lies in their resilience, a complex, multi-faceted topic involving numerous domains and mediating factors. This article explores what it means to be a resilient leader and the typical behaviors that resilient leaders demonstrate to their employees. It offers 25 practical strategies that leaders can use to become more resilient. This article then suggests how leaders may be able to overcome the typical obstacles to their resilience, including their own neurobiology and a number of psychosocial, developmental, and environmental factors. It describes how leaders can build more resilient healthcare organizations by strengthening commitment, routines, rules, and improvisation. Finally, this article offers 12 strategies leaders can use to build more resilient teams.

Factors Influencing Receipt and Type of Therapy Services in the NICU.

Understanding the type and frequency of current neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) therapy services and predictors of referral for therapy services is a crucial first step to supporting positive long-term outcomes in very preterm infants. This study enrolled 83 very preterm infants (<32 weeks, gestational age mean 26.5 ± 2.0 weeks; 38 male) from a longitudinal clinical trial. Race, neonatal medical index, neuroimaging, and frequency of therapy sessions were extracted from medical records. The Test of Infant Motor Performance and the General Movement Assessment were administered. Average weekly sessions of occupational therapy, physical therapy, and speech therapy were significantly different by type, but the magnitude and direction of the difference depended upon the discharge week. Infants at high risk for cerebral palsy based on their baseline General Movements Assessment scores received more therapy sessions than infants at low risk for cerebral palsy. Baseline General Movements Assessment was related to the mean number of occupational therapy sessions but not physical therapy or speech therapy sessions. Neonatal Medical Index scores and Test of Infant Motor Performance scores were not predictive of combined therapy services. Medical and developmental risk factors, as well as outcomes from therapy assessments, should be the basis for referral for therapy services in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Physiological and developmental mechanism of regressive molt in a damp-wood termite Hodotermopsis sjostedti

In some species of termites, a part of nymphs can undergo “regressive molt,” in which imaginal characters such as wing buds and body size are reduced. The function of regressive molt is thought to be a regulatory mechanism controlling caste composition in a colony. However, little is known about the physiological and developmental processes resulting in the regressive molt. In this study, therefore, regressive molt was observed in a damp-wood termite Hodotermopsis sjostedti, under rearing conditions, and histological and morphological observations during regressive molt (especially the reduction of wing buds) were carried out. It was found that nymphs with wing buds were classified into three morphological types. Almost all nymphs with swollen wing buds (Type 1) differentiated into alates, while nymphs with pigmented wing buds (Type 2) or with flat wing buds (Type 3) underwent regressive molts to become pseudergates (workers). Through the regressive molt, a part of nymphs differentiated into presoldiers or neotenic reproductives. Histological observations showed that, in nymphs undergoing regressive molt, epithelial tissue of wing buds was degenerated. Consistently, real-time qPCR analyses revealed that, apoptosis-related factors were up-regulated in the thoracic parts of Type 3 nymphs. Furthermore, expression analyses on developmental and endocrine factors by real-time qPCR were carried out, showing that, the expression pattern of these factors in regressive molt is nearly identical to that in stationary molt. These results suggest that the differentiation fate of nymph is determined during the intermolt period before the differentiation into Type 1 or Type 2/3 nymphs. The regressive molt itself would be almost identical to stationary molt.

Identification of genes involved in regulating the development of feathered feet in chicken embryo

The genetic and developmental factors driving the diverse distribution and morphogenesis of feathers and scales on bird feet are yet unclear. Within a single species, Guangxi domestic chickens exhibit dramatic variety in feathered feet, making them an accessible model for research into the molecular basis of variations in skin appendages. In this study, we used H&E staining to observe the morphogenesis of feathered feet, scaled feet and wings skin at different embryonic stages in Longsheng-Feng chickens and Guangxi Partridge chickens. We selected 4 periods (E6, E7, E8, and E12) that play an important role in feather development and performed transcriptome sequencing to screen for candidate genes associated with feathered feet. Through comparison and analysis of transcriptome data, we identified a set of differently expressed genes (DGEs), which were enriched in appendage organ development, hindlimb morphogenesis, activation of transcription factor binding, and binding of sequence-specific DNA in the cis-regulatory region. In addition, we identified some feathered feet-related genes by analyzing the classical signaling pathways that regulate feather development. Finally, we identified candidate genes that regulate feathered feet formation, which include TBX5, PITX1, ZIC1, FGF20, WNT11, WNT7A, WNT16, and SHH. Interestingly, we found that TBX5 was significantly overexpressed in the skin of the feathered feet and had the highest expression at E7 (P < 0.01), whereas PITX1 expression was significantly reduced at E7(P < 0.01). It is hypothesized that TBX5 and PITX1 regulate the development of hair follicles through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway at E7. Our results provide a theoretical basis for investigating the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the formation of chicken feathered feet.

Associations of adult roles and minority stressors with trajectories of alcohol dependence symptoms throughout adulthood among sexual minority women.

In the present study, we sought to identify trajectories of symptoms of potential alcohol dependence (AD) among adult sexual minority women (SMW). Theoretical correlates were examined in relation to the empirically identified trajectories. Data were collected at three time points between 2000 and 2012 from SMW drinkers (n = 434) enrolled in a longitudinal study (M Age = 37.49 at baseline, SD = 11.55). Using an accelerated-cohort longitudinal design, latent growth curve mixture models identified homogeneous patterns of any past-year symptoms of potential AD. Correlates of trajectories included alcohol-related developmental risk factors, adult roles, and exposure to minority stressors. Three trajectories were identified that captured risk of symptoms of potential AD over time, reflecting: (a) relatively consistent, low risk over time; (b) deceleration in risk throughout adulthood; (c) relatively persistent, high risk over time. Consistent with prior work, SMW drinkers who reported higher levels of perceived stigma or masculinity showed persistently high risk of reporting at least one past-year symptom of potential AD. Most SMW drinkers report deceleration in risk of AD symptoms over time. Findings have implications for prevention and intervention efforts tailored to SMW drinkers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).