Developmental Dental Anomalies Research Articles

Developmental dental anomalies in children with molar incisor hypomineralization

Developmental dental anomalies in children with molar incisor hypomineralization

Organotypic 3D cellular models mimicking the epithelio-ectomesenchymal bi-layer during odontogenesis.

Odontogenesis, the intricate process of tooth development, involves complex interactions between oral ectoderm epithelial cells and ectomesenchymal cells derived from the cephalic neural crest, regulated by major signaling pathways. Dental developmental anomalies provide valuable insights for clinical diagnosis of rare diseases. More than 30% of rare diseases patients who undergo molecular analysis suffer from diagnostic errancy. In the search for up-to-date technologies and methods to study the pathophysiology of new candidate genetic variants, causing tooth mineralized tissues anomalies, we have developed an original model of tooth organoids with human or mouse cell lines of ameloblast-like cells and odontoblasts derived from the pulp. This in vitro 3D cellular model reproducing the two main compartments of the bell stage of tooth development between ameloblasts and odontoblasts, specific to enamel and dentin morphogenesis, respectively, mimics the epithelio-mesenchymal interactions during the dental bell stage of tooth morphogenesis and will facilitate the study of enamel and dentin genetic anomalies, allowing the functional validation of newly identified mutations (variants of uncertain significance -VUS- or new candidate genes).

Dens invaginatus Type II in an Immature Lateral Incisor With Apical Periodontitis Treated With Regenerative and Strategic Antimicrobial Procedures: A Case Report

Dens invaginatus is a developmental dental anomaly that can predispose the tooth to pulp and periradicular disease. Management of this condition can be challenging because of anatomic and microbiologic issues. This case report describes the regenerative endodontic treatment using a strategic antimicrobial protocol for management of an immature maxillary lateral incisor with type-II dens invaginatus associated with apical periodontitis in a 13-year-old patient. The tooth presented with a complex anatomy and was associated with an active sinus tract. Because the true root canal was not negotiable in its coronal part due to the presence of the dens invaginatus, the closed end of the invagination (pseudocanal) was perforated to permit access to the apical segment of the true root canal for cleaning and disinfection. Both the invagination and the true canal were treated using an antimicrobial regimen based on chemomechanical preparation with sodium hypochlorite irrigation, supplementary disinfection with passive ultrasonic irrigation and interappointment calcium hydroxide medication. After 2 exchanges of calcium hydroxide medication, the sinus tract did not disappear, then the antimicrobial protocol was changed to include an antibiotic solution for irrigation and antibiotic paste for intracanal medication. After signs and symptoms disappeared, regenerative endodontic treatment was performed by inducing blood clot formation within the root canal. The coronal canal segment including the invagination was filled with Biodentine. Follow-up including cone-beam computed tomography examination showed complete healing of the apical periodontitis lesion and mineralized tissue formation at the apical portion of the true root canal.

Prevalence of Developmental Dental Anomalies in Pediatric Patients and an Assessment of Students’ Knowledge in Two Mexican Dental Schools: A Cross-Sectional Study

Dental anomalies (DAs) in children refer to conditions affecting the structure, number, shape, and size of teeth. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of these anomalies in both primary and permanent dentitions among two Mexican pediatric populations aged 2-14 years. Additionally, the level of knowledge about DAs among students pursuing a degree in dentistry in both universities was determined. A cross‑sectional study was conducted on children making their first visit to the Pediatric Dental Clinics of the Universities of Nuevo León and San Luis Potosí in México between March and May 2017. The prevalence of DAs was estimated. In addition, a questionnaire comprising 20 closed items regarding DAs was administered to 100 undergraduate students to evaluate their level of knowledge. Ninety-four children (54 boys and 42 girls; mean age 9.73±2.1 years) were included. Twenty-two patients (23.4%) exhibited at least one DA in their primary or permanent teeth. The most common DAs were in size (macrodontia) and structure (enamel hypoplasia). Agenesis occurred three times, and there were two cases of mesiodens. Regarding gender, 10 patients were girls (45.4%), and 12 were boys (54.6%). The prevalence of DAs in permanent teeth (57.5%) was higher than that in primary teeth (42.5%, p=0.031). Only two patients presented DAs in both primary and permanent teeth. No tooth-shaped anomalies were detected. Regarding the level of knowledge among the university students, the percentage of correct answers was 61.6%. Our findings emphasize the importance of encouraging parents to initiate pediatric dental visits early. Additionally, the study highlights the significance of conducting a thorough evaluation of the patients.

Forensically Valuable Odonatological Records Documentation in an Era of Electronics: How Aware Are the Dental Fraternity?

Forensic odontology plays a pivotal role in the identification of victims in mass disasters with the help of "Preserved dental records" available to general dental practitioners (GDPs). Comparison of dental data obtained from the deceased person with dental data obtained by the dentist from the person's file is a primary method of identification through dental evidence. We explored the practice of maintaining dental records among GDPs, as well as their knowledge of legal regulations and the application of dental records in forensic odontology. Two hundred fifty dentists participated in an online survey. Questions covered general information on dentists, maintenance of dental records, and knowledge of legal requirements and forensic odontology. Overall, 85.2% of dentists obtain and archive written informed consent, while 73.2% retain records in the form of dental cast. Generally, non-carious dental lesions and developmental dental anomalies were not recorded. About 90.8% of dentists use Fédération Dentaire Internationale (FDI) notation. The survey revealed different practices in the maintenance of dental records, including significant flaws and a lack of awareness of their forensic importance. This obvious need for additional education on the proper maintenance of dental records could be met by including forensic odontology in compulsory undergraduate courses and postgraduate dental education. Establishing national and international standards in dental charting would comply with contemporary trends in health care and the requirements of forensic expertise.

Research progress in regional odontodysplasia

Regional odontodysplasia (ROD) is a rare localized dental developmental anomaly. The typical clinical manifestations of ROD are abnormal tooth eruption, abnormal development of enamel and dentin. The radiographic characteristic is "ghost teeth". Its etiology still remains unknown. The care and treatment of a patient with ROD needs a multidisciplinary approach. And the treatment should be taken after the assessment of each individual case of ROD. This paper reviews the definition, etiology, epidemiological features, clinical manifestations, imaging features, dental microstructure and treatment strategies of ROD to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Assessment of prevalence and distribution of congenital missing teeth among patients visiting tertiary care hospital: A radiographic study

IntroductionDental Agenesis is the usual developmental dental anomaly involving both primary and permanent dentition but most commonly it affects the permanent teeth. Genetic mutations in genes like MSX, PAX9,TGFA and AXIN2 are the likely primary contributors to tooth agenesis. Identifying the prevalence and distribution of congenital missing teeth allows for early detection and intervention which is crucial for preventing or mitigating potential dental issues that may arise due to missing teeth. Aim & objectivesTo assess the prevalence and distribution of congenitally missing teeth across different quadrants of the jaw among patients visiting to the Dental out patient department at Tertiary Care Centre of Lucknow city. Material & methodA Questionnaire and orthopantomogram based cross-sectional study was conducted on both male and female patients aged between 15 and 30 years, coming for evaluation of their dental health problems to the hospital. Written informed consent was obtained. ResultsThe overall prevalence of CMT was found to be 33.3 %. The significant difference was observed in proportion of CMT between Maxilla and Mandible sites (p = 0.008). Higher prevalence was in females compared to males for both maxillary and mandibular congenital missing teeth. (p = 0.020). ConclusionThe most common CMT were third molars followed by lateral incisors. The insights derived from the study would aid dental professional in gaining a deeper comprehension of tooth agenesis.

The prevalence and distribution of hypodontia in children of North Syria

Abstract Introduction: Congenital absence of teeth is a common developmental dental anomaly in humans that affects the occlusal development and the beauty of the smile in particular and the face in general, especially if the injury is in the frontal area. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and distribution of hypodontia of permanent teeth in a Syrian population. Materials and Methods: Four hundred and sixty panoramic X-rays of children in North Syria, whose ages ranged from approximately 6–12 years, were taken at the dental clinics of the hospital of Syrian University for Science and Technology, Aleppo, Syria. The prevalence and distribution of hypodontia were recorded, and descriptive statistics were performed. A Chi-square test was used to determine the difference between genders (α =0.05). Results and Discussion: The prevalence of hypodontia was 7.8% (females 9.6% and males 6.5%). The most frequently missing teeth were the mandibular second premolar, maxillary lateral incisors, and mandibular central incisors. Missing was significantly more frequent in the mandible compared to the maxilla (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The number of cases of congenital absence of permanent teeth is impressive. These conditions can cause many dental problems, so careful examination and proper investigation are required to diagnose them and prevent subsequent problems.

Evaluation of Developmental Dental Anomalies in an Adult Dentate Iraqi Sub-Population of Sulaimani City by Using Panoramic Radiographs

Objective: The present study attempts to evaluate the prevalence of developmental dental anomalies in patients aged 18 years and over by using panoramic radiographs among the Kurdish subpopulation in Sulaimani city.
 Methods: Seven hundred and ninety-four OPGs between 2010 and 2022 were evaluated retrospectively in this study. Using panoramicradiography to evaluate the frequency of dental anomalies in shape, structure, number, and size.
 Results: The prevalence of dental anomalies diagnosed by panoramic radiographs was 26.6% among the sample. Anomalies of shapewere the most common abnormalities, followed by number, size, and structure. The most common anomaly seen in this study wasdilaceration (18.52%), followed by hypodontia and microdontia (both 16.67%), taurodontism, and macrodontia (16.05.%). Lessfrequent sub-types were amelogenesis imperfecta, peg-shaped lateral incisors and ghost teeth, accounting for 0.62%.
 Conclusions: Tooth shape anomalies were the most prevalent forms of developmental dental defects among the Kurdish subpopulation in Sulaimani city. Dilaceration, hypodontia, microdontia and taurodontism were the most prevalent categories ofabnormalities. The study confirmed that racial variables play a role in the incidence of dental anomalies. In addition, digital panoramicradiography is a beneficial method for the detection of dental abnormalities. Importantly, patient management and the treatment design are dependent on an early diagnosis.

Dental Developmental Anomalies and Their Management: An Orthodontic Perspective

Abstract Dental developmental anomalies present intricate challenges in orthodontic practice, necessitating tailored treatment approaches for optimal outcomes. This review offers a comprehensive examination of current orthodontic strategies for managing such anomalies, emphasizing practical considerations, treatment options, and clinical insights, while delving deeper into the anomalies themselves. From anomaly in number to anomaly in structure, dental developmental anomalies encompass a diverse spectrum of conditions, each characterized by deviations from normal dental development. These anomalies may arise due to genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both, and can significantly impact a patient’s oral health, function, and aesthetics. Early detection and intervention are crucial in addressing dental developmental anomalies effectively, as timely treatment can help mitigate complications and reduce the need for extensive orthodontic interventions later in life. However, the diagnosis of these anomalies can be challenging, often requiring a combination of clinical examination, radiographic imaging, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Orthodontic management often necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, involving collaboration with various dental specialists, including pediatric dentists, oral surgeons, and prosthodontists. Treatment modalities may encompass both fixed and removable appliances, as well as surgical interventions tailored to meet the unique needs of each patient. Surgical interventions may be warranted for severe anomalies but are typically reserved for cases where conservative measures are insufficient. By delving into the nuances of dental developmental anomalies and exploring practical treatment options, this review aims to provide valuable insights for orthodontic practitioners navigating the complexities of these conditions, ultimately contributing to improved patient care and outcomes.

Unilateral gemination: A case report

Introduction: Dental gemination is an uncommon developmental anomaly characterized by an enlarged bifid tooth crown. Case Report: This case report presents clinical and radiographic findings of gemination affecting a mandibular left lateral incisor in a 20-year-old female patient. The patient presented for a routine dental examination, which revealed an abnormal crown morphology of the mandibular left lateral incisor. There was no associated symptomology. Radiographic analysis confirmed the presence of a single root and root canal beneath the bifid tooth crown. Based on the clinical and radiographic features, a diagnosis of gemination was made. The treatment plan options were discussed with the patient, who opted not to restore the anomalous tooth. Instead, the geminated tooth will be kept under observation with regular monitoring and preventive care. Conclusion: This case provides an example of the importance of proper diagnosis of developmental dental anomalies. It also underscores the role of patient preferences in determining appropriate management of incidental findings like asymptomatic geminated teeth.

Is there an association between molar incisor hypomineralization and developmental dental anomalies? A case-control study

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine whether there is any association between molar incisor hypomineralization and developmental dental anomalies.MethodsTwo pediatric dentists evaluated panoramic radiographs of 429 children aged 8–14 years with molar incisor hypomineralization (study group) and 437 children without molar incisor hypomineralization (control group) in terms of developmental dental anomalies. Twelve different developmental dental anomalies were categorized into four types: size (microdontia, macrodontia); position (ectopic eruption of maxillary permanent first molars, infraocclusion of primary molars); shape (fusion, gemination, dilaceration, taurodontism, peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors); and number (hypodontia, oligodontia, hyperdontia) anomalies.ResultsNo significant difference was observed in the frequencies of developmental dental anomalies between the study and control groups in total, females, and males (p > 0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between the distribution of developmental size, position, shape, and number anomalies between the study and control groups (p = 0.024). The most common anomaly in both groups was hypodontia (6.3% and 5.9%, respectively). There was a significant difference between the study and control groups in terms of subtypes of shape anomaly in all children and females (p = 0.045 and p = 0.05, respectively).ConclusionsWhile a significant difference was observed between the distributions of types of developmental dental anomalies between individuals with and without molar incisor hypomineralization, there was no difference in terms of the frequency of developmental dental anomalies.

Morphological and morphometric characteristics of labial-cervical-vertical groove in upper central incisor

The labial-cervical-vertical groove (LCVG) is a developmental dental anomaly that may be present in the maxillary central incisors (UCI) which can affect periodontal health, facilitate the occurrence cervical decay, and compromise the aesthetics of the gingival contour. A LCVG can present different magnitudes and, when severe, it can impact the prognosis of the affected tooth. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence, extent, and depth of labial-cervical-vertical groove (LCVG) in maxillary central incisors (UCI) from the Human Tooth Bank of Rio de Janeiro State University Dental School, aiming to provide a better understanding of this anomaly and thus to contribute to an accurate differential diagnosis and appropriate dental planning. Material and methods: Ninety-seven dental elements, belonging to the Human Tooth Bank of Rio de Janeiro State University Dental School, were inspected, for presence of LCVG. For analysis of this morphological alteration, the following measurements were registered in millimeters: the total length (measured from the coronal to the apical limits of the defect); its extension in the crown (measured from the defect’s coronal limit to the cementum enamel junction (CEJ)); its extension in the root (measured from the defect’s apical limit to the CEJ) and depth (measurement of the groove’s invagination toward the root canal) of LCVG in each tooth. Results: The prevalence of LCVG in our sample was 7.21%. The average measures observed for the LCVG were: 6.43 (± 1.81) mm of total of length, 2.86 (± 1.68) mm of extension in the root; 3.57 (± 0.98) mm of extension in the crown; and <1 to 1mm of depth. Conclusion: These findings contribute with knowledge on of the detail, of extent and depth of LCVG in UCI, providing the clinician with information that can favor diagnosis and maintenance of teeth with this anomaly.

Odontoma and other congenital dental anomalies: Implications for forensic identification.

Forensic odontology plays a crucial role in establishing the identity in mass disasters and criminal cases with high accuracy. Dental anomalies and features help in such situations. Congenital and developmental dental anomalies can be easily documented to establish distinctive and individualistic characteristics of an individual. The location, number of teeth involved, and the type of anomaly vary between individuals. Similarly, dental malformations also assist greatly in the identification process. Many types of dental anomalies have been studied in the past for their individualistic characteristics in forensic examinations. One such dental anomaly is odontoma, which is a benign odontogenic malformation. This malformation may also help in the identification of the deceased, when recorded and examined accurately. An odontome is a malformed teeth-like structures consisting of enamel, dentin, and pulpal tissue, formed due to the growth of completely differentiated epithelial and mesenchymal cells. If antemortem (AM) dental records incorporate information regarding odontomes and other dental anomalies, including in radiographs, orthopantomograms or microradiographs, positive identification may be established by comparison of these records with postmortem (PM) records. In the present communication, a rare case of compound composite odontoma in the anterior mandible with multiple denticles has been discussed with a brief overview of congenital and developmental dental anomalies. The authors emphasize the importance of such rare dental anomalies and malformations which may be used for identifying the deceased in mass disasters and forensic identification.

A Rare Occurence of Dens Evaginatus with Two Dens Invaginations in a Single Tooth: A Case Report

There are many developmental dental anomalies written in the literature which may or may not be associated with some syndrome. Whereas, two anomalies occurring in single teeth are rarely seen in a non syndromic patient. This case report presents the occurrence of dens evaginatus with two dens invaginations in a single tooth which can be of a great concern to the dentist.

Mesiodistal angulation and developmental stages of unerupted mandibular second premolars in nonsyndromic oligodontia

Oligodontia is a serious developmental dental anomaly that requires long-term multidisciplinary treatment, but its clinical characteristics are not well understood because it is rare. This study evaluated the mesiodistal angulation and developmental stages of unerupted mandibular second premolars (MnP2s) in orthodontic patients with nonsyndromic oligodontia. Thirty-seven patients with oligodontia with at least 1 unerupted MnP2 in Demirjian's developmental stages between D and G were selected. Age- and sex-matched patients without tooth agenesis, excluding third molars, were selected as the control group. Mesiodistal angulation between the long axis of the available MnP2 and the mandibular plane was measured on panoramic radiographs. The MnP2 was significantly more distally angulated in the oligodontia group than in the control group. The developmental stage of the MnP2 in the oligodontia group was significantly delayed (1.04 ± 0.26 years; 95% confidence interval, 0.53-1.55 years). No correlation between the mesiodistal angulation and the developmental stage of the MnP2 was found in both groups. Significant distal angulation and delayed developmental stages of MnP2s were found in patients with nonsyndromic oligodontia compared with age- and sex-matched patients without agenesis of permanent teeth, excluding third molars. However, no significant correlation was found between them. Regardless of the severity of the distal angulation of MnP2, observing delayed dental development in each patient is important.

Correlation between Dental Anomalies and Blood Group

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between dental anomalies and blood group. Background: Dental anomaly is defined as a development disorder in which the defect appears to be different or noticeably variant from the normal form. The correlation between dental anomalies with blood group is well documented; however, the studies conducted between dental anomalies with blood group are very limited. Hence, this study is conducted to find out any correlation between blood group and dental anomalies. Materials and Methods: The current study was carried out on contract-based workers in Chennai. The study included 120 people (81 men and 39 women). The age range for the participants was 20–60 years. The participants underwent a clinical oral examination after being questioned about conduct and socioeconomic status. Each patient’s medical and dental histories were recorded. Results: Out of 120 patients screened, 8 patients were referred with dental defects, 5 patients referred with developmental dental anomalies, and 4 patients referred with soft-tissue defects. It was found that the blood group of the patients with soft-tissue defects is found to be O positive, while patients with developmental abnormalities were found to be A positive and patients with blood group with dental defects were found to be B positive. Conclusion: Dental anomalies are clinically evident abnormalities. Dental anomalies can cause diseases as well as esthetic issues. To identify the problem and provide the right treatment, a thorough examination and pertinent investigations are required.

Permanent Tooth Agenesis and Associated Dental Anomalies among Orthodontically Treated Children

(1) Background: Tooth agenesis is one of the most common developmental dental anomalies often affecting the maxillary incisors area and premolar regions. (2) Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and distribution of permanent tooth agenesis and the associated dental abnormalities among orthodontically treated children. (3) Materials and Methods: This study was carried out utilizing 3000 pretreatment records of children who underwent orthodontic treatment, 1780 (59%) females and 1220 (41%) males, aged 10-25 years (mean age 15 years). Tooth agenesis and other dental anomalies were surveyed using their panoramic radiographs, according to gender, pattern, and location. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 using t-test or Chi-Square tests. (4) Results: The total number of missing teeth, excluding third molars, was 518 (17%) found in 326 (11%) children. The majority were the maxillary lateral incisors, which was 176 teeth (34%) (p < 0.05). Of them, 111 (63%) were in females, and 65 (37%) were in males. The second most common missing tooth was mandibular second premolars, which was 137 teeth (26%), followed by missing 73 (14%) maxillary second premolars. Impacted teeth had the highest associated dental anomaly prevalence (14.3%), while transposition showed the lowest anomaly prevalence (0.5%). (5) Conclusions: A prevalence of 11% for tooth agenesis was detected in this study. More teeth were missing in the maxilla compare with the mandible. A significant association was found between missing maxillary lateral incisors and missing premolars (p < 0.05). Associated dental anomalies included an increased number of peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors, palatally displaced and impacted maxillary canines, ectopic teeth, and infra-occluded (submerged) primary second molars.

Prevalence of dental anomalies in pediatric patients at Dental and Oral Hospital of Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Background: A dental abnormality is a deviation from the normal shape and structure of the teeth due to interference during growth and development. Various kinds of abnormalities occur, such as anomalies in the size, shape, position, number, and structure of the teeth. These conditions cause problems in the arch length and occlusion of the maxilla and mandible. Purpose: This study aimed to describe the prevalence of developmental dental anomalies in pediatric patients at the Dental and Oral Hospital of Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (UMY) and its networks (Qatrunnada Kindergarten, Budi Mulia Dua Taman Siswa Kindergarten, and Muhammadiyah Sapen Pusat Primary School). Methods: A descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted. There were 10,714 pediatric patients included. Results: The prevalence of developmental dental anomalies in pediatric patients at Dental and Oral Hospital, UMY and its network was 0.30%. The prevalence of mesiodens, hypodontia, and fusion dental anomalies were 0.14%, 0.056%, and 0.028%, respectively. There was a 0.019% prevalence of microdontia, peg tooth, and amelogenesis imperfecta. The prevalence of taurodontia and gemination was 0.009%. Conclusion: Dental anomalies occurred more frequently in male pediatric patients, and mesiodens was the most prevalent.

Prevalence and distribution of diverse dental anomalies in an Egyptian children's population

AimIn normal dental exams, dental anomalies are widespread. It may lead to occlusal, cosmetic, and functional problems. In this study, the prevalence and distribution of developmental dental abnormalities in a community of Egyptian children were studied.Patients and methodsThe average age of the sample was 7.5 years out of 2583 panoramic radiographs of kids between the ages of 6 and 12 that were analyzed, including 1110 boys and 1473 girls. The digital panoramic radiographs were examined by two experienced researchers in a standard manner and in good lighting for the following developmental anomalies: congenitally missing teeth, extra teeth, impaction, ectopic eruption, transposition, gemination, fusion, submerged, peg-shaped teeth, dilacerations, taurodontism, dens in dente (Dens Evaginatus), retained or early loss of primary teeth considering the chronological age of dental eruption, and any other anomalies.ResultsTwo hundered sixty-six panoramic radiographs, or 10.3% of the study group, had at least one dental abnormality, while 2317, or 89.7%, had none. There was no significant difference between the sexes other than fusion, where the rate was higher in females than in males among the cases with dental anomalies. Of these cases, 57.14% were girls and 42.85% were boys. Supernumerary teeth were more common than congenitally lacking teeth (1.85 vs. 4.41%). Amelogenesis imperfect, transposition peg-shaped and halted teeth, impacted teeth (1.5%), taurodontism (1.16%), root dilacerations (1.04%), amelogenesis imperfect, fusion (0.23%), and no cases of accessory roots and dentinogenesis imperfecta were found in this study.ConclusionDental anomalies were often found in this Egyptian study population. Various dental abnormalities were found. Congenital missing was the most frequent anomaly, followed by extra teeth, impacted teeth, taurodontism, root dilatation, fusion, amelogenesis imperfecta, transposition peg-shaped teeth, and arrested teeth, in that order. In this investigation, no instances of dentinogenesis imperfecta or accessory roots were found. Because of the high occurrence of developmental dental anomalies, it is imperative that their causes be better understood to provide better treatment, intervene earlier, and prevent future problems.