Development Characteristics Research Articles

The Aesthetic Developmental Characteristics of Contour Features in Children and Adolescents with High- and Low- Level Visual Aesthetic Sensitivity across Grade Levels.

This study examined the aesthetic developmental characteristics of contour features (curved and sharp corners) among children and adolescents with different levels (high and low) of visual aesthetic sensitivity in three grades (4, 6, and 8). The results revealed that (1) there was a significant main effect of contour features, with children and adolescents liking curved contours and perceiving them as more beautiful than sharp-angled contours; (2) there was a significant interaction with contour features in grades 6 and 4, and there was no significant difference in liking curved contours and perceiving them to be more beautiful between students in grades 6 and 4. However, grade 6 students disliked sharp-angled contours and perceived them as more unattractive than grade 4 students; and (3) there was a significant interaction between the level of visual aesthetic sensitivity and contour features, as children and adolescents with both high and low levels of visual aesthetic sensitivity preferred curved contours and considered them more beautiful. However, children and adolescents with high-level visual aesthetic sensitivity disliked sharp-angled contours and considered them more unattractive compared to students with low-level visual aesthetic sensitivity. The results proposed that children and adolescents preferred curved contours, 6th graders were more sensitive to curved contours than 4th graders, and children and adolescents with high-level visual aesthetic sensitivity were more sensitive to sharp-angled contours than children and adolescents with low-level visual aesthetic sensitivity.

Metabolic network analysis of pre-ASD newborns and 5-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder

Classical metabolomic and new metabolic network methods were used to study the developmental features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in newborns (n = 205) and 5-year-old children (n = 53). Eighty percent of the metabolic impact in ASD was caused by 14 shared biochemical pathways that led to decreased anti-inflammatory and antioxidant defenses, and to increased physiologic stress molecules like lactate, glycerol, cholesterol, and ceramides. CIRCOS plots and a new metabolic network parameter, V°\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\dot{{{\\boldsymbol{V}}}}\\!$$\\end{document}net, revealed differences in both the kind and degree of network connectivity. Of 50 biochemical pathways and 450 polar and lipid metabolites examined, the developmental regulation of the purine network was most changed. Purine network hub analysis revealed a 17-fold reversal in typically developing children. This purine network reversal did not occur in ASD. These results revealed previously unknown metabolic phenotypes, identified new developmental states of the metabolic correlation network, and underscored the role of mitochondrial functional changes, purine metabolism, and purinergic signaling in autism spectrum disorder.

Early autism diagnosis based on path signature and Siamese unsupervised feature compressor.

Autism spectrum disorder has been emerging as a growing public health threat. Early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder is crucial for timely, effective intervention and treatment. However, conventional diagnosis methods based on communications and behavioral patterns are unreliable for children younger than 2 years of age. Given evidences of neurodevelopmental abnormalities in autism spectrum disorder infants, we resort to a novel deep learning-based method to extract key features from the inherently scarce, class-imbalanced, and heterogeneous structural MR images for early autism diagnosis. Specifically, we propose a Siamese verification framework to extend the scarce data, and an unsupervised compressor to alleviate data imbalance by extracting key features. We also proposed weight constraints to cope with sample heterogeneity by giving different samples different voting weights during validation, and used Path Signature to unravel meaningful developmental features from the two-time point data longitudinally. We further extracted machine learning focused brain regions for autism diagnosis. Extensive experiments have shown that our method performed well under practical scenarios, transcending existing machine learning methods and providing anatomical insights for autism early diagnosis.

Integrating BIM technology in construction for effective knowledge management: case studies and methodological insights

Integrating Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology for effective knowledge management (KM)in the construction industry is a crucial aspect of modern construction. The construction industry is susceptible to losing its qualified and knowledgeable workers, and there are no certain plans to address this issue. The construction industry often relies on personal knowledge and experiences rather than certain analytical methods or textbook guidelines. Although various knowledge management approaches and researchers have given many perspectives on knowledge management, this study explores and compares previous management systems practices in the construction field. It investigates the implementation of BIM technologies and discusses the challenges, benefits, and potential strategies for enhancing knowledge-sharing and management processes. Knowledge management is furnished with significance through various decision-making processes, innovation, and constant learning that ends in progressing project delivery and collaboration among project teams. With regards to the implementation of the technology that involves building information modeling and knowledge management of construction projects, the analysis and comparison of some case studies that related to definite locations was conducted to discuss how cultural and development factors affect BIM involvement in construction projects. For concluding purposes, it emphasizes the importance of implementing BIM into each phase of projects not merely during the design and the construction operations but in all phases of project development. This research investigated novel ideas for improving (KM) and the application of (BIM) and also expressed that cultural and developmental characteristics have a noticeable influence on knowledge management systems based on BIM.

유아 디지털 역량 구성요소 탐색 연구

Objectives While many studies have explored the components of digital competence, essential in our 21st-century society, their primary focus has been on adults and students from elementary through high school. This leaves a noticeable research gap concerning digital competences for preschool-aged children. This study seeks to address that gap, aiming to identify and outline digital competence sub-domains and content appropriate for preschoolers. Methods For this study, a literature review was conducted on 33 studies sourced from databases, employing snowballing techniques. The digital competences of preschoolers were delineated by re-categorizing and renaming those identified in the literature, with a focus on essential content and keywords. This process also involved considering overlaps, appropriateness, comprehensiveness, equivalence, and exclusiveness among the titles and scopes of components, and developmental characteristics of early childhood. Results As the results, six areas of digital competence for preschool children were identified: 1) Understanding of digital media operation and usage, 2) Digital media and content creation and appreciation, 3) Digital initiative and problem-solving, 4) Digital emotional intelligence, 5) Digital safety and healthy habits, and 6) Digital communication and participation. Additionally, this study detailed the components of each area under the facets of knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values. Conclusions The study findings indicate that the digital competences for preschool-aged children span technical, cognitive, socio-emotional, and ethical dimensions. As such, they should be holistically nurtured across the five learning areas of the national curriculum.

Developmental Characteristics and Genesis of Ground Fissures in Wangjiacun, Emei Plateau, Yuncheng Basin, China

The Yuncheng Basin is part of the Fenwei Graben System, which has developed ground fissure hazards that have caused serious damage to farmland, houses, and roads and have brought about huge economic losses. Located in Wanrong County on the Emei Plateau in the northwestern part of the Yuncheng Basin in China, the Wangjiacun ground fissure is a typical and special ground fissure developed in loess areas, and its formation is closely related to tectonic joints and the collapsibility of loess. In order to reveal the formation and genesis of the Wangjiacun ground fissure, the geological background, developmental characteristics, and genesis pattern of the Wangjiacun ground fissures were studied in detail. A total of three ground fissures have developed in this area: a linear fissure (f1) is distributed in an NNE-SSW direction, with a total length of 334 m; a circular fissure (f2) is located near the pool, with a total length of 720 m; f2-1, a linear fissure near f2, has a fissure length of 110 m and an NE orientation. This study shows that tectonic joints in loess areas are the main controlling factors of the linear fissure (f1); differential subsidence in the pool caused by collapsible loess is the main source of motivation for the formation of the circular fissures (f2, f2-1), and tensile stresses produced by the edges of subsidence funnels lead to the cracking of shallow rock and soil bodies to form ground fissures (f2, f2-1). This study enriches the theory of ground fissure genesis and is of great significance for disaster prevention and the mitigation of ground fissures in loess areas.

Developmental characteristics of aggregated lymphoid nodules area in the abomasum of fetal Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus)

BackgroundBactrian camel is one of the important economic animals in northwest China. They live in arid desert, and their gestation period is about 13 months, which is longer than other ruminants (such as cattle and sheep). The harsh living conditions have made its unique histological characteristics a research focus. Aggregated lymphoid nodules area (ALNA) in the abomasum of Bactrian camels, as one of the most important sites for the induction of the immune response, provide a comprehensive and effective protective role for the organism, and their lack of information will affect the feeding management, reproduction and epidemic prevention of Bactrian camels. In this study, the histological characteristics of the fetal ALNA in the abomasum of Bactrian camels at different developmental gestation have been described by using light microscopy and histology .ResultsThe ALNA in the abomasum of the Chinese Alashan Bactrian camel is a special immune structure that was first discovered and reported by Wen-hui Wang. To further establish the developmental characteristics of this special structure in the embryonic stage, the abomasum ALNA of 8 fetuses of Alashan Bactrian camels with different gestational ages (5~13 months) were observed and studied by anatomy and histology. The results showed that the aggregation of reticular epithelial cells (RECs) surrounded by a very small number of lymphoid cells was detected for the first time in the abomasum of fetal camel at 5 months gestation, which was presumed to be primitive ALNA. At 7 months gestation, the reticular mucosal folds region (RMFR) appeared, but the longitudinal mucosal folds region (LMFR) was not significant, and histological observations showed that there were diffusely distributed lymphocytes around the RECs. At 10months gestation, RMFR and LMFR were clearly visible, lymphoid follicles appeared in histological observation, lymphocytes proliferated vigorously. By 13 months, the volume of lymphoid follicles increased, forming the subepithelial dome (SED), and there was a primitive interfollicular area between the lymphoid follicles, which contained high endothelial vein (HEV), but no germinal center (GC) was found. In summary, ALNA of Bactrian camels is not fully mature before birth.ConclusionsGenerally, the small intestine PPs of ruminants (such as cattle and sheep) is already mature before birth, while the ALNA in the abomasum of Bactrian camels is not yet mature in the fetal period. During the development of ALNA in Bactrian camel, the development of lymphoid follicles extends from submucosa to Lamina propria. Interestingly, the deformation of FAE changes with age from simple columnar epithelium at the beginning of pregnancy to Simple cuboidal epithelium, which is opposite to the FAE deformation characteristics of PPs in the small intestine of fetal cattle and sheep. These results are the basis of further research on the specificity of ALNA in the abomasum of Bactrian camels.

Development and organization of omental milky spots.

The milky spots in omentum are atypical lymphoid tissues that play a pivotal role in regulating immune responses in the peritoneal cavity. The milky spots act as central hubs for collecting antigens and particles from the peritoneal cavity, regulating lymphocyte trafficking, promoting the differentiation and self-renewal of immune cells, and supporting the local germinal centre response. In addition, the milky spots exhibit unique developmental characteristics that combine the features of secondary and tertiary lymphoid tissues. These structures are innately programmed to form during foetal development; however, they can also be formed postnatally in response to peritoneal irritation such as inflammation, infection, obesity, or tumour metastasis. In this review, I discuss emerging perspectives on homeostatic development and organization of the milky spots.

Unravelling the relationship between English reading habits and individual, family and school factors: A Chinese perspective

AbstractIn English teaching, developing students' reading habits has been emphasized for its critical role in promoting overall core competencies. However, in practice, many teachers and parents are not informed of the effective approaches to developing good English reading habits, hindering the overall development of students' core competencies. In light of this, an empirical study was carried out to explore the developmental features of students' English reading habits and individual, family and school factors that affect its development. A questionnaire was adopted to collect quantitative data. A total of 2,130 primary and secondary school students from China participated in the study. The results indicated that their English reading habits varied with age and gender. In terms of age, secondary school students, especially middle school students, performed better than primary school students. In terms of gender, females performed better in reading frequency, reading time and ways of reading, while males had a larger reading volume. Reading habits were found to be impacted by individual, school and family factors. Among them, age had the strongest influence on the development of English reading habits. These findings shed light on effective ways to develop English reading habits, especially in foreign‐language‐learning contexts.

Effect of metabolically divergent pig breeds and tissues on mesenchymal stem cell expression patterns during adipogenesis

BackgroundUnraveling the intricate and tightly regulated process of adipogenesis, involving coordinated activation of transcription factors and signaling pathways, is essential for addressing obesity and related metabolic disorders. The molecular pathways recruited by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) during adipogenesis are also dependent on the different sources of the cells and genetic backgrounds of donors, which contribute to the functional heterogeneity of the stem cells and consequently affect the developmental features and fate of the cells.MethodsIn this study, the alteration of transcripts during differentiation of synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) derived from fibrous synovium (FS) and adipose synovial tissue (FP) of two pig breeds differing in growth performance (German Landrace (DL)) and fat deposition (Angeln Saddleback (AS)) was investigated. SMSCs from both tissues and breeds were stimulated to differentiate into adipocytes in vitro and sampled at four time points (day 1, day 4, day 7 and day 14) to obtain transcriptomic data.ResultsWe observed numerous signaling pathways related to the cell cycle, cell division, cell migration, or cell proliferation during early stages of adipogenesis. As the differentiation process progresses, cells begin to accumulate intracellular lipid droplets and changes in gene expression patterns in particular of adipocyte-specific markers occur. PI3K-Akt signaling and metabolic pathways changed most during adipogenesis, while p53 signaling and ferroptosis were affected late in adipogenesis. When comparing MSCs from FS and FP, only a limited number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and enriched signaling pathways were identified. Metabolic pathways, including fat, energy or amino acid metabolism, were highly enriched in the AS breed SMSCs compared to those of the DL breed, especially at day 7 of adipogenesis, suggesting retention of the characteristic metabolic features of their original source, demonstrating donor memory in culture. In contrast, the DL SMSCs were more enriched in immune signaling pathways.ConclusionsOur study has provided important insights into the dynamics of adipogenesis and revealed metabolic shifts in SMSCs associated with different cell sources and genetic backgrounds of donors. This emphasises the critical role of metabolic and genetic factors as important indications and criteria for donor stem cell selection.

Conserved and specific gene expression patterns in the embryonic development of tardigrades.

Tardigrades, commonly known as water bears, are enigmatic organisms characterized by their remarkable resilience to extreme environments despite their simple and compact body structure. To date, there is still much to understand about their evolutionary and developmental features contributing to their special body plan and abilities. This research provides preliminary insights on the conserved and specific gene expression patterns during embryonic development of water bears, focusing on the species Hypsibius exemplaris. The developmental dynamic expression analysis of the genes with various evolutionary age grades indicated that the mid-conserved stage of H. exemplaris corresponds to the period of ganglia and midgut development, with the late embryonic stage showing a transition from non-conserved to conserved state. Additionally, a comparison with Drosophila melanogaster highlighted the absence of certain pathway nodes in development-related pathways, such as Maml and Hairless, which are respectively the transcriptional co-activator and co-repressor of NOTCH regulated genes. We also employed Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to investigate the expression patterns of tardigrade-specific genes during embryo development. Our findings indicated that the module containing the highest proportion of tardigrade-specific genes (TSGs) exhibits high expression levels before the mid-conserved stage, potentially playing a role in glutathione and lipid metabolism. These functions may be associated to the ecdysone synthesis and storage cell formation, which is unique to tardigrades.

Personality changes related to presence and treatment of substance use (disorders): a systematic review.

Heavy substance use (SU) and substance use disorders (SUD) have complex etiologies and often severe consequences. Certain personality traits have been associated with an increased risk for SU(D), but far less is known about personality changes related to SU(D). This review aims to synthesize the existing literature on this research question. A systematic literature search was conducted from November 2022 to February 2023 in PubMed, EbscoHost, and Web of Science. Peer-reviewed original papers on SU(D)-related personality changes were included. Of 55 included studies, 38 were observational population-based studies and 17 were intervention studies. Overall, personality and SU measures, samples, study designs, and statistical approaches were highly heterogenous. In observational studies, higher SU was most consistently related to increases in impulsivity-related traits and (less so) neuroticism, while interventions in the context of SU(D) were mostly associated with increases in conscientiousness and self-efficacy and lasting decreases in neuroticism. Findings for traits related to extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness were mixed and depended on SU measure and age. Studies on bidirectional associations suggest that personality and SU(D) both influence each other over time. Due to their strong association with SU(D), impulsivity-related traits may be important target points for interventions. Future work may investigate the mechanisms underlying personality changes related to SU(D), distinguishing substance-specific effects from general SU(D)-related processes like withdrawal, craving, and loss of control. Furthermore, more research is needed to examine whether SU(D)-related personality changes vary by developmental stage and clinical features (e.g. initial use, onset, remission, and relapse).

The Role of FveAFB5 in Auxin-Mediated Responses and Growth in Strawberries.

Auxin is a crucial hormone that regulates various aspects of plant growth and development. It exerts its effects through multiple signaling pathways, including the TIR1/AFB-based transcriptional regulation in the nucleus. However, the specific role of auxin receptors in determining developmental features in the strawberry (Fragaria vesca) remains unclear. Our research has identified FveAFB5, a potential auxin receptor, as a key player in the development and auxin responses of woodland strawberry diploid variety Hawaii 4. FveAFB5 positively influences lateral root development, plant height, and fruit development, while negatively regulating shoot branching. Moreover, the mutation of FveAFB5 confers strong resistance to the auxinic herbicide picloram, compared to dicamba and quinclorac. Transcriptome analysis suggests that FveAFB5 may initiate auxin and abscisic acid signaling to inhibit growth in response to picloram. Therefore, FveAFB5 likely acts as an auxin receptor involved in regulating multiple processes related to strawberry growth and development.

Developmental characteristics of loess mudflow and correlation analysis with influencing factors

Loess mudflow is a unique geological hazard in the Loess Plateau, presenting a significant risk to the lives and properties of the region’s inhabitants. Defining and categorizing loess mudflow scientifically, as well as comprehending their disaster-prone environment and patterns of development, are crucial for implementing effective disaster prevention and mitigation strategies. Based on extensive field investigations and statistical analyses, this study defines and categorizes the loess mudflow into five types: liquefaction flow, freeze-thaw creep, subsurface erosion failure, collapse-mudflow, and erosion-enlargement. Statistical analysis reveals that the drainage area of loess mudflow is mostly concentrated between 0.15 and 30 km2, the bed slope typically ranges from 10‰–200‰, material storage in channels is mostly above 5 × 104 m3/km2, and the rainfall intensity triggering mudflow formation is generally greater than 10 mm/h; furthermore, a correlation analysis between the parameters of loess mudflow and the influencing factors reveals a significant linear growth relationship between mudflow volume and drainage area, and also reveals a significant power function relationship with the increase in channel bed slope. However, there is no significant correlation between mudflow volume and solid material storage, and mudflow density shows no significant correlation with drainage area, channel bed slope, or solid material storage. Finally, an empirical formula for estimating mudflow volume is proposed through regression analysis. The research findings aim to provide a theoretical basis for the study and risk assessment of loess mudflow disasters.

Developmental characteristics and accuracy of autism screening among two-year-old toddlers in the ECHO program.

The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) is a common pediatric screening tool with mixed accuracy findings. Prior evidence supports M-CHAT screening for developmental concerns, especially in toddlers born preterm. This study examined M-CHAT accuracy in a large, nationwide sample. 3393 participants from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program were included. Harmonized M-CHAT (M-CHAT-H) results were compared with parent-reported autism diagnosis and autism-related characteristics to assess accuracy for term and preterm children, together and separately. Generalized estimating equations, clustering for ECHO cohort and controlling for demographic covariates, were used to examine associations between developmental and behavioral characteristics with M-CHAT-H accuracy. Sensitivity of the M-CHAT-H ranged from 36 to 60%; specificity ranged from 88 to 99%. Positive M-CHAT-H was associated with more developmental delays and behavior problems. Children with severe motor delays and more autism-related problems were more likely to have a false-negative M-CHAT-H. Children with fewer behavior problems and fewer autism-related concerns were more likely to have a false-positive screen. The M-CHAT-H accurately detects children at low risk for autism and children at increased risk with moderate accuracy. These findings support use of the M-CHAT-H in assessing autism risk and developmental and behavioral concerns in children. Previous literature regarding accuracy of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) is mixed but this study provides evidence that the M-CHAT performs well in detecting children at low risk for autism and consistently detects children with developmental delays and behavioral problems. The M-CHAT moderately detects children at increased risk for autism and remains a useful screening tool. This study examines M-CHAT accuracy in a large-scale, nationwide sample, examining associations between screening accuracy and developmental outcomes. These findings impact pediatric screening for autism, supporting continued use of the M-CHAT while further elucidating the factors associated with inaccurate screens.

Autistic and non-autistic transgender youth are similar in gender development and sexuality phenotypes.

Increasing rhetoric regarding the common intersection of autism and gender diversity has resulted in legislation banning autistic transgender youth from accessing standard of care supports, as well as legislative efforts banning all youth gender care in part justified by the proportional over-occurrence of autism. Yet, no study has investigated whether autistic and non-autistic transgender youth present fundamentally different gender-related phenotypes. To address this gap, we extensively characterized autism, gender diversity, and sexuality among autistic and non-autistic transgender binary youth (N = 66, Mage = 17.17, SDage = 2.12) in order to investigate similarities and/or differences in gender and sexuality phenotypes. Neither autism diagnostic status nor continuous autistic traits were significantly related to any gender or sexuality phenotypes. These findings suggest that the developmental and experiential features of gender diversity are very similar between autistic and non-autistic transgender adolescents. Future research is needed to determine whether the similarity in profiles is maintained over time into adulthood.

A Critical Appraisal: Elementary School Coding Education Effectiveness with Scratch in Alignment with Cognitive Development, Analyzed through Piagetian Lens

The digitalization has revolutionized the education sector by integrating technology and bringing about significant changes. Computational Thinking (CT), an indispensable skill for the 21st century, has now become an integral part of school curricula in several countries worldwide. Focused on enhancing CT skills, programming education, especially through Scratch, Scratch simplifies programming concepts, making it suitable for elementary school children aged 7 to 11 years. Aligned with Piaget's concrete operational stage, emphasizing organized and rational thinking. Hence, this study aims to delve deeper into how Scratch programming education can meet the cognitive developmental needs of children in this phase. The research methodology used is a literature review, employing data from textbooks, journals, scholarly articles, and literature reviews that contain concepts central to the research focus. The data analysis involves collecting relevant research findings, organizing, and systematically recording information. The results indicate that Scratch not only provides a platform for learning programming but also supports the development of concrete operational cognitive skills taught in Piaget's theory. Through creativity in designing Scratch projects, children can apply and strengthen their understanding of concepts such as seriation, classification, reversibility, conservation, and the elimination of egocentrism. But, it's essential to consider an approach tailored to the developmental characteristics of children when designing programming education at the elementary level. This study is expected to provide concise guidance for educators and policymakers in formulating programming education that optimally fosters cognitive development in elementary school children.

Tectonic fractures induced by strike-slip faulting in intracratonic ultradeep carbonate rocks: Insights from the finite element method and self-adaptive constraints computational model for boundary conditions

Numerical simulations of the paleostress field during a period of tectonic fracture formation and rock failure criteria are used to quantitatively predict the development and occurrence of tectonic fractures induced by the formation of the SB18 fault zone in the Middle Ordovician Yijianfang Formation of the Shunnan area, Tarim Basin, China. The results of acoustic emission experiments, mechanical property measurements, and tectonic fracture occurrence observations obtained from core descriptions and fullbore formation microimager logs are combined with the Andersonian model of faulting and the finite element method, which is widely used for the numerical simulation of stress fields, to investigate the paleotectonic and in situ stress fields via numerical simulation. The quantitative prediction of the opening pressure and opening sequence of tectonic fractures is based on the occurrence of tectonic fracture, numerical simulation of in situ stresses, and coordinate system conversion. The results show that the width of the fracture zone induced by strike-slip faulting is ∼310 m. The degree of fracture development is significantly increased when the Young’s modulus, paleostress difference, and paleostress difference coefficient of the rock are elevated. The current horizontal principal stress is positively correlated with the distance from the fault, and the elevated areal density of the secondary faults causes a clockwise deflection of the horizontal stress direction. SSE-striking shear fractures with orientations ranging from 140° to 150° and two sets of tensional fractures with orientations ranging from −40° to −35° and 55° to 60° are preferentially opened in the water injection development stage of the reservoir. As the horizontal stress difference, horizontal stress difference coefficient, and angle between the maximum horizontal principal stress and a fracture decrease, the fracture opening pressure decreases. At the structural highs (burial depths <6225 m) and lows (burial depths >6225 m), the fracture burial depth is positively and negatively correlated with the opening pressure, respectively. Quantitative prediction of tectonic fracture developmental characteristics, opening pressure, and the opening sequence and investigation of the main factors that control their development can help to identify and support opportunities for hydrocarbon exploration and development of fractured carbonate reservoirs.

Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Sotos Syndrome: Explorative Review Building Multidisciplinary Bridges in Clinical Practice.

Background: Sotos syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by NSD1 gene (nuclear receptor binding SET domain containing protein 1) variants and characterized by overgrowth, macrocephaly, learning disabilities, and co-occurring neuropsychiatric symptoms. Methods: Literature sources published in 2002-2023 were selected and analyzed from PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Results: Neuropsychiatric symptoms are observed among children and adolescents with Sotos syndrome. The majority have intellectual disabilities or borderline intellect. Verbal IQ is higher than performance IQ. Individuals display difficulties in expressing language. Aggression is reported by parents. Children express autistic behavior, ADHD, anxiety based on phobias, and early bedtime-wake times. Conclusions: Sotos syndrome is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders in children. Slow intellectual and language development, aggressive outbursts, anxiety, autism spectrum disorder, and hyperactivity are present in the newest studies. Comprehensive assistance is needed for Sotos syndrome patients in responding to areas of difficulty. There is still a lack of research on the developmental characteristics of these children and the possibilities of improving psychosocial adaptation by providing multidisciplinary long-term medical, educational, and social care.

Geological Hazard Susceptibility Analysis and Developmental Characteristics Based on Slope Unit, Using the Xinxian County, Henan Province as an Example.

Geological hazards in Xinxian County, Xinyang City, Henan Province, are characterized by their small scale, wide distribution, and significant influence from regional tectonics. This study focuses on collapses and landslide hazards within the area, selecting twelve evaluation factors: aspect, slope shape, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), topographic relief, distance from geological structure, slope, distance from roads, land use cover type, area of land change (2012-2022), average annual rainfall (2012-2022), and river network density. Utilizing data from historical disaster sites across the region, the information quantity method and hierarchical analysis method are employed to ascertain the information quantity and weight of each factor. Subsequently, a random forest model is applied to perform susceptibility zoning of geological hazards in Xinxian County and to examine the characteristics of these geological disasters. The results show that in the study area, the primary factors influencing the development of geohazards are the distance from roads, rock groups, and distance from geological structure areas. A comparison of the susceptibility results obtained through two methods, the analytic hierarchy process information quantity method and the random forests model, reveals that the former exhibits a higher accuracy. This model categorizes the geohazard susceptibility in the study area into four levels: low, medium, high, and very high. Notably, the areas of very high and high susceptibility together cover 559.17 km2, constituting 35.99% of the study area's total area, and encompass 57 disaster sites, which represent 72.15% of all disaster sites. Geological hazards in Xinxian County frequently manifest on steep canyon inclines, along the curved and concave banks of mountain rivers, within watershed regions, on gully inclines, atop steep cliffs, and on artificially created slopes, among other sites. Areas with very high and high vulnerability to these hazards are mainly concentrated near the county's geological formations. The gneiss formations are widely exposed in Xinxian County, and the gneisses' strength is significantly changed under weathering, which makes the properties of the different degrees of weathering of the rock and soil bodies play a decisive role in the stability of the slopes. This paper provides a basis for evaluating and preventing geologic hazards in the Dabie mountainous area of the South Henan Province, and the spatial planning of the national territory.