Development Of Tools Research Articles

SIMPLIFIED COMPUTATIONAL TOOL FOR PREDICTING FORMATION DAMAGE IN OIL WELLS

The present study underscores the significance of regular well test analysis to ensure the accuracy and consistency of data pertaining to the permeability and skin of exploratory wells. This study advances the development of a novel computer model, ASPIRE, which predicts formation damage in oil wells by analysing well-test data. In this context, identifying blocked pore throats in the formation close to the wellbore by paraffinic deposits (scales) and its influence on permeability necessitates routine well-test analysis. The software employs a modified linear regression model developed in this study to perfectly fit the well-test data's infinitely acting linear flow (IARF) region to a straight line. The cases "CASE 1" and "CASE 2" were considered for constant rate transient drawdown well test analyses. The findings indicate that Case 1, with a high skin factor, requires remedial action, such as stimulation, to increase the formation's permeability close to the wellbore for enhanced productivity. In contrast, Case 2 has higher permeability and lower skin factor than Case 1, so stimulation is not required. In addition, R-squared analyses were conducted to validate the results obtained from the developed tool. The analyses reveal an R-square value of 1 for all cases, indicating a 100% accuracy. Therefore, the study concludes that the developed tool is instrumental in accurately predicting formation damage in oil wells.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism-based Identification of Bacterial Artificial Chromosome-mediated Homologous Recombination.

Bacterial Artificial chromosome (BAC) recombineering is a powerful genetic manipulation tool for the efficient development of recombinant genetic resources. Long homology arms of more than 150 kb composed of BAC constructs not only substantially enhance genetic recombination events, but also provide a variety of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are useful markers for accurately docking BAC constructs at target sites. Even if the BAC construct is homologous to the sequences of the target region, different variations may be distributed between various SNPs within the region and those within the BAC construct. Once the BAC construct carrying these variations was precisely replaced in the target region, the SNP profiles within the target genomic locus were directly replaced with those in the BAC. This alteration in SNP profiles ensured that the BAC construct accurately targeted the designated site. In this study, we introduced restriction fragment length polymorphism or single-strand conformation polymorphism analyses to validate and evaluate BAC recombination based on changes in SNP patterns. These methods provide a simple and economical solution to validation steps that can be cumbersome with large homologous sequences, facilitating access to the production of therapeutic resources or disease models based on BAC-mediated homologous recombination.

Regulatory Pathways for Qualification andAcceptance of Digital Health Technology-Derived Clinical Trial Endpoints: Considerations for Sponsors.

Despite widespread interest and substantial investment in the adoption of sensor-based digital health technologies (sDHTs) for remote data capture in drug development trials, no drug has been approved based on an sDHT-derived primary endpoint in the United States (US). One reason for this lack of advancement is the complexity of obtaining regulatory endorsement for those endpoints within current US regulatory pathways. The goal of our review is to describe the two choices currently available to pharmaceutical study Sponsors: (i) they may navigate the traditional route of compiling the evidence to support the sDHT-derived endpoint in their investigational new drug (IND) application, requiring specific expertise and substantial resources; or (ii) they may navigate the drug development tool (DDT) pathway with the goal of qualifying their sDHT-derived endpoint as a biomarker or clinical outcome assessment applicable to a broader context of use (COU), either alone or as part of a partnership or consortium. We describe the nuances of each pathway; the evidentiary requirements for supporting an sDHT-derived endpoint and the technology used to capture it; and the impact that an sDHT's regulatory status may have on a Sponsor's decision to use it for data capture. By systematically comparing the IND and DDT pathways, our over-arching goals are to support the increasing deployment of sDHTs within the clinical research setting and help advance regulatory science in the field of digital medicine.

Local Public Policies in the Field of Sports: A Systematic Review of the Literature from the SDG

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate public policies on sports at the local level, with the aim of highlighting the importance of sports as a tool for social development, inclusion, and community well-being. Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises a systematic review of the literature. The study design followed the PRISMA guidelines and included an analysis of articles found in the Web of Sciences, Scopus, Wiley, and EBSCO databases. Data collection was carried out through the compilation and analysis of key studies, focusing on trends, approaches, and challenges in research on state intervention in local sports. Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed significant trends in the importance of sports as a tool for social development, inclusion, and community well-being. The review identified various approaches and challenges present in the research on state intervention in local sports. Specifically, the studies conducted in Latin American contexts provided a critical and regional perspective on the subject. In the discussion section, these results are contextualized in light of the theoretical framework, highlighting the implications and relationships identified. Possible discrepancies and limitations of the study are also considered in this section. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of local sports policies. These implications could encompass the enhancement of social inclusion, the promotion of community well-being, and the development of effective public policies on sports. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by providing a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines, highlighting the originality of the research through its comprehensive analysis of key studies. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by its critical and regional perspective on public policies on sports in Latin America, offering new discoveries and practical contributions that may impact the area of study or professional practice. The systematic analysis identifies areas of opportunity and gaps in current research, providing a solid foundation for future studies in the field of local sports policies.

Trajectory Recognition and Working Condition Analysis of Rod Pumping Systems Based on Pose Estimation Method with Heatmap-Free Joint Detection

Summary Rod pump systems are the primary production tools in oilfield development. Analyzing their working conditions provides a theoretical foundation for formulating production optimization plans and adjusting equipment parameters. Existing machine learning–based condition analysis methods rely on dynamometer cards and cannot capture the actual operational trajectory of the pumping unit. To address this issue, this paper proposes a keypoint detection method for pumping units based on pose estimation of heatmap-free joint detection from video data. A data annotation scheme suitable for the task of detecting pumping unit keypoints was developed, and the learning criteria for this task were optimized. An end-to-end heatmap-free pose estimation algorithm was used to process images of the pumping unit, yielding predicted keypoint positions, thereby enabling the identification of the keypoint motion trajectories of the pumping unit. Experiments validated the proposed method and compared it with general learning criteria. Results show that this method accurately captures the keypoint positions of the pumping unit, with the optimized learning criteria model improving by more than 5% compared with general methods and increasing the keypoint object keypoint similarity (OKS) by more than 30%. The model’s results can be used for the actual operational trajectory recognition of the pumping unit, automatically calculating the motion parameters of the polished rod, and intelligently assessing the balance and working condition analysis of the pumping unit. This realizes the intelligent application of video surveillance data, significantly contributing to the dynamic study of rod pump systems.

The Questionnaire on the Use of Public Transportation and Well-Being (QUPTW): A national survey and validation in Paraguay

IntroductionThe impact of public transportation on the human emotional well-being is certainly under-studied, especially in the developing countries. This study proposes and validates a questionnaire aimed to assess the emotional well-being in the context of public transportation use in Paraguay (as in any other Spanish country). MethodsWe conducted an observational cross-sectional study using an online survey to address the relationship between the transport systems and mental health. The newly developed Questionnaire on the Use of Public Transportation and Well-Being (QUPTW) was evaluated for content and construct validity, criterion validity, and reliability. ResultsFindings from 918 respondents have shown that the QUPTW reports strong psychometric properties, including validity and reliability. Participants, primarily young, university-educated women residing in Greater Asunción, reported dissatisfaction with the public transportation services. Long commute times, discomfort, and poor hygiene and safety conditions are significant contributors leading to emotional distress. These findings underscore the potential impact of the inadequate public transportation systems on mental well-being, suggesting the need for policy interventions to enhance accessibility, comfort, and safety. ConclusionsThis study contributes to the understanding of the relationship between the public transportation use and the emotional well-being and provides a valuable tool for further research and policy development.

School Education or the Games and Challenges of Heritage Development

When authors such as Branchesi (2007) and Barthes & Blanc-Maximin (2016) reflect on the opportunity to adapt the supranational principles set out in international conventions to the specific educational contexts of States, they consistently and insidiously highlight the need not necessarily to globalise heritage issues, but rather to consider them as a sum of their parts. This contribution focuses on primary education as a prerequisite for heritage development. Using an exploratory qualitative method, our study of history- geography and citizenship and moral education teachers seeks to identify the relevant primary education styles likely to generate, in the short, medium or long term, heritage development in the locality, i.e., a real awakening of awareness and an enhancement of the various historical and/or natural potentials and assets, graciously offered by nature or mankind. To this end, we interviewed seven teachers working in different regions, grouped together according to a number of ethnographic, contextual and situational similarities. The results of this research show that heritage development cannot be boosted unless the «educational concept of heritage» is effectively taken into account in international conventions, and unless heritage education is effectively implemented as a major tool for local development.

A Qualitative Comparison of Dimensional Deviation of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Processed Multi Morphology Lattice Structures Based on Thermomechanical Simulations

Multi morphology lattices are composite lattice structures formed by different types of lattice structures in different configurations based on engineering application needs. These types of lattices can be manufactured with additive manufacturing modalities, specifically laser powder bed fusion process. However, due to the high cost and time spent on manufacturing these components, it is necessary to predict the properties of manufactured parts before build with numerical methods. This study focused on prediction of dimensional deviation of laser powder bed fusion produced multi morphology lattice structures composed of Schoen Gyroid, Schwarz Diamond, Schwarz Primitive, Schoen FRD and Neovius topologies via thermomechanical simulations qualitatively. Since the comparisons were made based on numerical study results, only qualitative assessments were performed. Lattices were generated by using a novel, in-house developed tool. Among multi morphology lattices investigated in the present study, Schoen FRD topology at the center and Schwarz Primitive topology at the outer region showed the lowest deviations and Schoen FRD topology at the center and Schwarz Diamond topology at the outer region showed the highest deviations. It was also shown that adding Schoen FRD or Schwarz Primitive topologies at the outer region reduces the max. deviations, and Schoen Gyroid or Schwarz Diamond topologies increases the max. deviations.

Electronic Newsletters as a Professional Development Tool for Rural Educators

Rural educators need access to evidence-based instructional practices and technologies that meet the needs of our communities. Difficulty accessing quality professional development due to geographic isolation, limited access to specialists, cost constraints, staffing shortages, lack of access to resources and technology, and less time to participate in meaningful professional development are common barriers facing rural teachers. One way to disseminate evidence-based practices is through an electronic newsletter. This article shares how a behavior analyst developed an online newsletter to build relationships, offer resources, highlight staff achievement, provide instruction, and model evidence-based behavior interventions for school staff.

Application of Siamese neural networks to compare aerial photographs with terrain maps

The work presents the methodology for the development and training of the Siamese neural network for comparing aerial photographs with terrain maps. The proposed approach is aimed at identifying stable and informative features in images, which allows to increase the accuracy and automation of the matching process. The presented method uses two identical networks that are trained in parallel, which ensures a reduction in the gap in characteristics between the compared images. The Siamese neural network efficiently handles images of varying quality and detail, making it ideal for comparing aerial photographs with terrain maps. The developed tool allows for quick analysis and comparison of aerial photographs with terrain maps with high efficiency and accuracy, which contributes to the expansion of the field of application in geoinformation research and engineering applications. Figs.: 3. Refs.: 11.

Evaluating Comprehensibility of 157 Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) in the Nationwide Dutch Outcome-Based Healthcare Program: More Attention for Comprehensibility of PROMs is Needed.

Patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) are increasingly prevalent in healthcare and used for shared decision-making and healthcare quality evaluation. However, the extent to which patients with varying health literacy levels can complete PROMs is often overlooked. This may lead to biased aggregated data and patients being excluded from studies or other PROM collection initiatives. This cross-sectional study evaluates the comprehensibility of 157 well-known and widely used PROM scales using a comprehensibility checklist. Pairs of two independent raters scored 157 PROM scales designed for adults included in the 35 sets of outcome information developed as part of the Dutch Outcome-Based Healthcare Program. The PROM scales were scored on the eight comprehensibility domains of the Pharos Checklist for Questionnaires in Healthcare (PCQH). Interrater agreement of domain ratings was assessed using Intraclass Correlation Coefficients or Cohen's kappa. Subsequently, final ratings were established through discussion and used to evaluate the domain-specific comprehensibility rating for each PROM scale. Comprehensibility of a large number of PROM scales (n = 157), which cover a wide range of diseases and conditions across Dutch medical specialist care, was assessed. While most PROM scales were written at an accessible language level, with minimal use of medical terms, instruction clarity, number of questions, and response options emerged as significant issues, affecting a substantial proportion of PROM scales. Interrater agreement was high for most domains of the PCQH. This study highlights the need for greater attention to the comprehensibility of PROMs to ensure their accessibility to all patients, including those with low health literacy. The PCQH can be a valuable tool in PROM development in addition to qualitative methods and in selection processes enabling comparison of comprehensibility between PROMs. However, the PCQH needs further development and validation for these purposes. Enhancing the comprehensibility of PROMs is essential for their effective incorporation in healthcare evaluation and decision-making processes.

Developing sustainable development indicators for low-carbon tourism itinerary

ABSTRACT The tourism industry has commenced the promotion of low-carbon tourism to combat climate change and reduce carbon emissions. This study focused on low-carbon tourism itinerary planning and sustainable development indicators, which are based on the theoretical perspective of tourism experience value. These insights were gained through interviews with government tourism bureau managers, academic researchers and managers of industry sustainable tourism development associations. The results indicate that among the dimensions of sustainable development indicators, ‘sustainable management mechanism’ and ‘environmental education and training’ had the most significant impact. The order of importance in the attributes was ‘green energy promotion’, ‘low-carbon production and marketing mechanism’, ‘asset protection monitoring’ and ‘carbon reduction education’. This indicates that these attributes play a crucial role in ensuring sustainability and environmental protection. This study thus provides a valuable integrated tool for sustainable development and low-carbon tourism itinerary management.

Equity considerations in clinical practice guidelines for traumatic brain injury and the criminal justice system: A systematic review.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is disproportionately prevalent among individuals who intersect or are involved with the criminal justice system (CJS). In the absence of appropriate care, TBI-related impairments, intersecting social determinants of health, and the lack of TBI awareness in CJS settings can lead to lengthened sentences, serious disciplinary charges, and recidivism. However, evidence suggests that most clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) overlook equity and consequently, the needs of disadvantaged groups. As such, this review addressed the research question "To what extent are (1) intersections with the CJS considered in CPGs for TBI, (2) TBI considered in CPGs for CJS, and (3) equity considered in CPGs for CJS?". CPGs were identified from electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO), targeted websites, Google Search, and reference lists of identified CPGs on November 2021 and March 2023 (CPGs for TBI) and May 2022 and March 2023 (CPGs for CJS). Only CPGs for TBI or CPGs for CJS were included. We calculated the proportion of CPGs that included TBI- or CJS-specific content, conducted a qualitative content analysis to understand how evidence regarding TBI and the CJS was integrated in the CPGs, and utilised equity assessment tools to understand if and how equity was considered. Fifty-seven CPGs for TBI and 6 CPGs for CJS were included in this review. Fourteen CPGs for TBI included information relevant to the CJS, but only 1 made a concrete recommendation to consider legal implications during vocational evaluation in the forensic context. Two CPGs for CJS acknowledged the prevalence of TBI among individuals in prison and one specifically recommended considering TBI during health assessments. Both CPGs for TBI and CPGs for CJS provided evidence specific to a single facet of the CJS, predominantly in policing and corrections. The use of equity best practices and the involvement of disadvantaged groups in the development process were lacking among CPGs for CJS. We acknowledge limitations of the review, including that our searches were conducted in English language and thus, we may have missed other non-English language CPGs in this review. We further recognise that we are unable to comment on evidence that is not integrated in the CPGs, as we did not systematically search for research on individuals with TBI who intersect with the CJS, outside of CPGs. Findings from this review provide the foundation to consider CJS involvement in CPGs for TBI and to advance equity in CPGs for CJS. Conducting research, including investigating the process of screening for TBI with individuals who intersect with all facets of the CJS, and utilizing equity assessment tools in guideline development are critical steps to enhance equity in healthcare for this disadvantaged group.

Incentive mechanism and scenario simulation of residential energy-efficiency retrofits – From the perspective of tripartite evolutionary game

Energy-efficiency retrofits (EER) are increasingly becoming a key tool for sustainable building development. Compared to extensive urban renewal, refined building energy retrofits hold more practical value. Of this, the complexities arising from the differences in the claims of multiple stakeholders deserve our attention. However, limited efforts have been made in the existing literature to explore this issue. This paper constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model for residential EER from the perspective of engineering management. Taking a typical building in an old neighborhood in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province as an example, the theoretical model is validated. The results indicate that participants in the residential EER market display varying decision-making behaviors at different developmental stages. The government’s implementation of appropriate punitive measures in the early stages will encourage enterprises to participate in EER. Simultaneously, attention should also be paid to the demands of residents to ensure the smooth progress. Market-based renovation models should be actively promoted, and specific renovation programs should be created to accommodate varying requirements. This paper offers theoretical guidance for decision-making and developing residential EER.

Development and psychometric evaluation of the Implementation Support Competencies Assessment

BackgroundImplementation support practitioners (ISPs) are professionals that support others to implement evidence-informed practices, programs, and policies in various service delivery settings to achieve population outcomes. Measuring the use of competencies by ISPs provides a unique opportunity to assess an understudied facet of implementation science—how knowledge, attitudes, and skills used by ISPs affects sustainable change in complicated and complex service systems. This study describes the development and validation of a measure—the Implementation Support Competencies Assessment (ISCA)—that assesses implementation support competencies, with versatile applications across service contexts.MethodsRecently developed practice guide materials included operationalizations of core competencies for ISPs across three domains: co-creation and engagement, ongoing improvement, and sustaining change. These operationalizations, in combination with recent empirical and conceptual work, provided an initial item pool and foundation on which to advance measurement development, largely from a confirmatory perspective (as opposed to exploratory). The measure was further refined through modified cognitive interviewing with three highly experienced ISPs and pilot-testing with 39 individuals enrolled in a university-based certificate program in implementation practice. To recruit a sample for validation analyses, we leveraged a listserv of nearly 4,000 individuals who have registered for or expressed interest in various events and trainings focused on implementation practice offered by an implementation science collaborative housed within a research-intensive university in the Southeast region of the United States. Our final analytic sample included 357 participants who self-identified as ISPs.ResultsAssessments of internal consistency reliability for each competency-specific item set yielded evidence of strong reliability. Results from confirmatory factor analyses provided evidence for the factorial and construct validity of all three domains and associated competencies in the ISCA.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that one’s possession of high levels of competence across each of the three competency domains is strongly associated with theorized outcomes that can promote successful and sustainable implementation efforts among those who receive implementation support from an ISP. The ISCA serves as a foundational tool for workforce development to formally measure and assess improvement in the skills that are required to tailor a package of implementation strategies situated in context.

A race against time: A critical analysis of elite student-athletes’ accelerated temporality through story completion

Numerous elite student-athletes (ESA) engaged in a dual career, balancing athletic pursuits with education, find themselves grappling with the perception of insufficient time to fulfil their demands. Existing research advocates for the implementation of programs promoting academic flexibility, alongside measures aimed at achieving balance between academic and sport-related activities. Other studies underscore the significance of equipping ESA with skills such as time management. Nonetheless, challenges persist in balancing the escalating demands of sports and education. Drawing upon Hartmut Rosa's theory of social acceleration, this study aims to analyse how ESA perceive and respond to time pressure. Employing the story completion method, data was gathered from seven ESA who crafted narratives in response to three story stems. Through reflexive thematic analysis, two overarching themes were identified: (1) no time to waste; and (2) it is what it is. ESA faced incessant pressure to optimise their time and performance and resorted to instrumentalising personal relationships, using them as a tool for career development. Nevertheless, this pressure was not universally perceived as oppressive; rather, it was often accepted as an inherent aspect of their reality. Our conclusion is that as long as capitalist societies and their accelerating impositions persist, any assistance that can be provided to ESA will inherently be limited.

English teachers’ professional identity incorporated with perceived anxiety in the context of flipped teaching: Scale development and model extension

AbstractResearch examining teachers’ professional identity in the online context has recently increased; however, there have been few attempts (if any) to design a scale to assess foreign language teachers’ professional identity integrated with technology use in the flipped context. There have also been no extensions to the professional teacher identity model for flipped language teaching incorporated with psycho‐emotional factors. The current study first developed and validated an instrument for English teachers’ professional identity of technology integration in the flipped context (ETITF) to fill in the research gap that the majority of existing instruments for teachers’ professional identity have not considered the characteristics of technology integration in the flipped teaching environment in the subject area of English. Additionally, this present research also attempted to extend the professional teacher identity model by investigating the influence of the psycho‐emotional factor, namely, perceived anxiety of flipped teaching on professional teacher identity coped with technology in the flipped context by English teachers. Grounded by the identity theory and technology acceptance model, 233 in‐service English teachers from mainland China served to explore the constructs of the ETITF and the model extension with perceived anxiety. Results of exploratory factor analysis, first‐order, and second‐order confirmatory factor analysis supported a three‐dimension scale with 15 items: task perception (TP), motivation (M), and teacher self‐efficacy (SE). The results of the study revealed that the ETITF is valid and reliable that could be used by researchers, educators, and education institutions to gain a greater understanding of English language teachers’ professional development and can serve as a tool to support the procedures of developing teacher identity integrated with technology in the flipped context with specific items related to English teaching. The results of structural equation modeling indicated that task perception significantly predict English teachers’ motivation, while motivation showed positive influence on in‐service teachers’ self‐efficacy. This developed tool of ETITF and the extended professional identity with technology incorporation model may contribute to the development of flipped language teaching, which may provide implications for English educators and researchers to facilitate teachers’ effective technology integration in flipped English teaching.

SCI-AR: ENHANCE SCIENCE LEARNING THROUGH AUGMENTED REALITY

This research work is focused on development of a mobile augmented reality application, for use in helping kids with learning problem in science class. Science per se has inherent features that are abstract in nature, thus complicating the processes of learning and at the same time giving a negative outlook towards science. In this regard, the application has the use of graphics and symbols combining with the use of AR that enhances understanding and leads to involvement of students. It can be on Android OS for mobile phones with Unity3D and ARFoundation/ARCore as the development tools. Acceptance of consumer Credit has used the Technology Acceptance Model for developing its theoretical modelling of prediction. In making the system, the development model of Agile Methodology Model has been adopted. This study tries to apply a new approach that enhances the learners’ motivation and confidence in science learning without pre-empting any other teaching strategy. As for the application of a mobile and graphically augmented reality, it raises a lot of potential for improvement of science learning for children with certain learning difficulties in this new, interactive type of format.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ И ПРИНЦИПЫ РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКИХ АГЛОМЕРАЦИЙ

Agglomeration is a form of territorial space and is one of the tools for the sustainable development of rural territories, and their stable development provides the necessary conditions for the for-mation of the social sphere, infrastructure and the creation of additional jobs. One of the factors for the effective development of rural territories is rationally organized local government, one of the activities of which is the creation of rural agglomerations. The rural agglomeration is charac-terized by a high proportion of the population engaged in agriculture. Farmers, entrepreneurs, and specialists of various fields work here, who are engaged in the production and processing of manufactured products. The territory houses warehouses, processing and packaging plants. The rural agglomeration supplies agricultural products, raw materials and food to the trading net-works of cities, thereby playing an important role in the development of the country and increasing the economic well-being of rural territories.

GLI1 confers resistance to PARP inhibitors by activating the DNA damage repair pathway.

Identifying the mechanisms of action of anticancer drugs is an important step in the development of new drugs. In this study, we established a comprehensive screening platform consisting of 68 oncogenes (MANO panel), encompassing 243 genetic variants, to identify predictive markers for drug efficacy. Validation was performed using drugs that targeted EGFR, BRAF, and MAP2K1, which confirmed the utility of this functional screening panel. Screening of a BRCA2-knockout DLD1 cell line (DLD1-KO) revealed that cells expressing SMO and GLI1 were resistant to olaparib. Gene set enrichment analysis identified genes associated with DNA damage repair that were enriched in cells overexpressing SMO and GLI1. The expression of genes associated with homologous recombination repair (HR), such as the FANC family and BRCA1/2, was significantly upregulated by GLI1 expression, which is indicative of PARP inhibitor resistance. Although not all representative genes of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway were upregulated, NER activity was enhanced by GLI1. The GLI1 inhibitor was effective against DLD1-KO cells overexpressing GLI1 both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the combination therapy of olaparib and GLI1 inhibitor exhibited a synergistic effect on DLD1-KO, suggesting the possible clinical application of GLI1 inhibitor targeting cancer with defective DNA damage repair. This platform enables the identification of biomarkers associated with drug sensitivity, and is a useful tool for drug development.